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Regular physical activity (PA) is protective and reduces disease burden but remains a challenge for pregnant women (PW). According to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, PW without contraindications should practice 150 min of moderate PA per week. Nonetheless, PA levels are concerningly low among PW. The aim of this study was to investigate PW's and midwives' perceptions regarding PA and recommended guidelines, and use this information to inform future health promotion strategies. We recruited 10 PW and 10 midwives to participate in online focus groups conducted between July 2020 and April 2021. Focus group probes and data analysis were guided by the COM-B (capability, opportunity, motivation-behaviour) framework. The majority of the sample had already practised PA, recognized the importance of PA during pregnancy, and considered the WHO guidelines reasonable. Notwithstanding, PW wanted more specific instruction on PA and desired opportunities to practice. Additional barriers reported by PW included low self-efficacy and lack of motivation. Midwives considered the lack of specific knowledge and confidence in managing PA as the main obstacles. The current findings suggest that PW and midwives need specific training in PA to overcome both psychological and physical barriers. Midwives play a vital role in educating and encouraging PA among PW.
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BACKGROUND: General practitioners are the main providers of primary care services. To better strengthen the important role of general practitioners in primary healthcare services, China is promoting the general practitioners' office system. There is a lack of well-accepted methods to measure the performance of general practitioner offices in China. We thus aim to develop a systematic and operable performance measurement system for evaluating the general practitioner's office. METHODS: We establish an index pool of the performance measurement system of general practitioners' offices by a cross-sectional study and the literature research method and adopt the focus group method to establish the preliminary system. The Delphi method is then used to conduct three rounds of consultation to modify indices, which aims to form the final indicator system. We determine the weight of each index by the analytic hierarchy process method, which together with the final indicator system constitutes the final performance measurement system. Finally, we select three offices from three different cities in Sichuan Province, China, as case offices to conduct the case study, aiming to assess its credibility. RESULTS: Our results show that the first office scored 958.5 points, the second scored 768.1 points, and the third scored 947.7 points, which corresponds to the reality of these three offices, meaning that the performance measurement system is effective and manoeuvrable. CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides support for standardizing the functions of China's general practitioner's office, improving the health service quality of generalists, and providing a theoretical basis for the standardization of the general practitioner's office.
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Médicos Generales , China , Estudios Transversales , Humanos , Atención Primaria de SaludRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: At present, we know relatively little about priorities and problems with topics that older adults experience when completing different examinations in longitudinal population-based studies. To examine these topics, research must be adapted to investigate the meanings, motivations, and interpretations of the individual participants themselves. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore older adults' motives, understandings and experiences regarding participating in the Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies (the H-70 study). METHODS: Focus group discussions were used. A total of thirty-eight persons, 19 women and 19 men participated in nine focus groups. A strategic sampling technique was used to ensure that the focus group participants represented the larger population. RESULTS: The results supported the overall theme: "It was well worth the effort," which summarized how the participants felt about the population health study. The following specific themes were also identified: an intense event, for the benefit of oneself and others, confidence in health research and the researcher, key decisions about test outcomes and the survey raising questions and providing few answers. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of priorities and problems with topics experienced by older adults completing different examinations when participating in longitudinal population-based studies is crucial for research to improve the health and wellbeing of older people. To date, older people's involvement in population-based cohort studies has largely been as research subjects. This study is a first step toward the participants taking a more active part by allowing them to share their experiences which can be used to improve the research procedures. This requires the participation of older adults in collaboration with the researchers, to ensure the quality of longitudinal studies of older adults. Therefore, our intention when it comes to future research will be to involve older adults-the target group-in the research procedure.
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Grupos Focales/normas , Motivación , Participación del Paciente/psicología , Vigilancia de la Población , Encuestas y Cuestionarios/normas , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Grupos Focales/métodos , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Participación del Paciente/métodos , Vigilancia de la Población/métodosRESUMEN
We explored different professionals' views on and experiences of comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) of frail older people. Forty-six professionals working in hospitals, primary care, or municipal health and social care participated in 10 focus groups. Professional groups comprised of occupational therapists, physiotherapists, nurses, physicians, and social workers. Participants shared an ideal image of how the CGA of frail elderly people should be conducted. Experience-based competence was more often used as an assessment tool than standardized tests. The ideal image contrasted with reality, listening to the needs expressed, with the person's problems, needs, and priorities in the foreground, as described by the categories: a need that can be met; different perspectives on needs; needs can be hidden; and needs assessment is affected by the collaboration around the person, by the context, and by the dialogue. The health and social care professionals' first priority is to make a person-centred tailor-made comprehensive geriatric assessment and not be bound to instruments. Clear guidelines need to be developed, stating which profession assesses what, when and how in order to ensure that person-centred needs are assessed including structures and procedures for how communication and collaboration within the team as well as between the organizations are achieved in order to perform a good person-centred CGA.
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OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the perspectives of professionals from the Dutch audiological centres on the definition and care pathways of children with suspected auditory processing disorders (susAPD). DESIGN: focus group interviews. STUDY SAMPLE: In total, 45 professionals from 6 disciplines, representing 22 different audiological centres and one ambulatory service, participated in five parallel focus group interviews. Participants had a variety of experience in diagnosing and advising children with suspected APD. RESULTS: Qualitative analysis (open and thematic) identified four themes ("Definition", "Causes", "Diagnostic Procedures" and "Clinical Reasoning") expressing a variety of perspectives. Differences in perspectives were mainly affected by two debates: (1) whether or not APD exists as a pure (auditory) disorder and (2) whether or not current AP-tests are suitable in diagnosing children with listening difficulties. They also expressed a need for more guidance from the literature in their clinical decision making process. CONCLUSIONS: Professionals from the Dutch audiological centres share a broad perspective on children with APD. The ICF framework supports this perspective, thereby diminishing the need for a clear definition. The use of AP-tests should be limited to children where broader developmental disorders are first ruled out; a possible "pure" APD could then be diagnosed in a limited number of children.
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Actitud del Personal de Salud , Percepción Auditiva , Trastornos de la Percepción Auditiva , Grupos Focales , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Personal de Salud/psicología , Factores de Edad , Atención , Audiólogos/psicología , Trastornos de la Percepción Auditiva/diagnóstico , Trastornos de la Percepción Auditiva/etiología , Trastornos de la Percepción Auditiva/psicología , Trastornos de la Percepción Auditiva/terapia , Niño , Conducta Infantil , Toma de Decisiones Clínicas , Cognición , Congresos como Asunto , Pruebas Auditivas , Humanos , Países Bajos , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Psicología , Factores de Riesgo , Trabajadores Sociales/psicología , Percepción del Habla , Patología del Habla y LenguajeRESUMEN
PURPOSE: This qualitative exploratory study was grounded in local patient and service user experiences and was designed to investigate how the language and metaphors of cancer influence personal and social adjustment after completion of a course of treatment. METHODS: The study employed a focus group design, in which eighteen people, recruited through regional networks and support groups, participated. Meetings elicited participants' stories and focused discussion on key words and common phrases in the cancer lexicon. Data from transcribed focus group recordings were analysed thematically and organised into descriptive categories concerned with the interpretations of common terms and how these influenced the management of identity and emotions. RESULTS: The thematic categories emphasised the importance of language in the way participants managed their illness and sought to control their feelings and their interactions with others. Interpretation of findings revealed a strong central idea linking participants' accounts, which was that language, metaphor and euphemism are central to adjustment and the forging of an altered identity as a survivor of cancer diagnosis and treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The findings are consistent with what is already known about the language and metaphors of cancer, with language being an important mechanism for managing uncertainty. From participants' accounts it also appears that there may be subtle but important differences in professional and lay understandings of cancer language and metaphor. This suggests a need for oncology nurses to elaborate their broad understanding of communication skills and move toward a more detailed understanding of the language used during interactions with patients.