RESUMEN

Oclacitinib is a novel Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor that potently inhibits JAK1-dependent cytokines involved in allergy, inflammation, and pruritus (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-13, and IL-31). Oclacitinib (Apoquel®, Zoetis Inc, Parsippany, NJ) is approved for the treatment/control of pruritus associated with allergic dermatitis and treatment/control of clinical manifestations of atopic dermatitis in dogs at least 12 months of age. To evaluate the effectiveness of oclacitinib in dogs with flea allergy dermatitis, the JAK1 selective inhibitor was tested in a placebo-controlled, masked, single-dose (0.4 mg/kg) or repeat-dose (0.4 mg/kg, twice daily for 2 weeks) study. Pruritic behaviors were quantitated by video recording, and erythema and skin lesions were assessed using a 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS). Results showed that oclacitinib reduced pruritus by 61% as early as 1.5 h after a single oral dose compared to placebo, with an average reduction (compared to placebo) of 85% 1-5 h after dosing (0.4 mg/kg; p < .0001). Oclacitinib also significantly reduced erythema (p < .0001) and skin lesion (p < .0005) VAS scores on Day 14 compared to placebo in a repeat dose study. No adverse events were noted during the conduct of these studies. IL-31 concentrations were elevated in the majority of dogs after flea infestation, suggesting JAK1-dependent cytokines may drive clinical signs of flea allergy dermatitis. These findings show that oclacitinib, an inhibitor of JAK1-dependent cytokines involved in allergy and inflammation can rapidly reduce clinical signs associated with flea allergic dermatitis in dogs.

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The SCORing Feline Allergic Dermatitis scale (SCORFAD) is a validated dermatological scale assessing reaction patterns associated with allergic dermatitis in cats. While no pathognomonic reaction pattern is recognised with flea allergy dermatitis (FAD), miliary dermatitis is more common. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to document regional cutaneous reaction patterns of cats with fleas using a modified SCORFAD (mSCORFAD). ANIMALS: In total, 142 owned cats from West Central Florida enrolled over three study periods. To be included, each cat and household environment had five or more fleas on Day (D)0. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cats were examined on D0, D7, D14, D21, D28, D44, D56 and D80. On D0 they were treated with an isoxazoline and treatment continued through the study. Ten body regions were assessed using mSCORFAD to give a regional score for each of four reaction patterns. These were compared using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. RESULTS: At D80 there was an 80% reduction in total mSCORFAD representing clinical response to ectoparasite control only. The most commonly affected region was the ventral abdomen with a mean mSCORFAD score of 1.8 (95% confidence interval = 1.5-2.1) compared with other body regions (p < 0.01). The most common reaction patterns were self-induced alopecia on the ventral abdomen and miliary dermatitis in the cervical region (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The mSCORFAD suggests that self-induced alopecia on the ventral abdomen and miliary dermatitis in the cervical region is more strongly associated with a flea burden in cats.

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Studies show that the novel isoxazoline, lotilaner (Credelio™ CAT; Elanco Animal Health), which is administered orally to cats, provides rapid and sustained flea kill for least 1 month following administration with a wide safety margin. A clinical trial was undertaken to confirm its efficacy, impact on flea allergy dermatitis (FAD) and safety under field conditions. METHODS: A total of 343 cats were enrolled in the study at 11 veterinary clinics in the USA. Upon inclusion, cat households were randomized at a ratio of 2:1 to receive lotilaner tablets at the recommended dose (minimum 6 mg/kg) or a topical formulation containing fipronil + S-methoprene (Frontline® Plus for cats; Boehringer Ingelheim), administered per label. Owners were dispensed treatments for administration on days 0, 30 and 60; all household cats were administered the same treatment. Flea counts were made on primary cats (1 cat per household) on days 0 (pre-treatment), 30, 60 and 90. Flea allergy dermatitis was assessed on days 30, 60 and 90 for all cats with signs of FAD on day 0. Lotilaner-treated cats were also assessed for their acceptance of oral tablet administration by the pet owner, and safety was assessed for all cats in both groups. RESULTS: Lotilaner efficacy was 98.3, 99.9 and 99.9% on days 30, 60 and 90, respectively, while the efficacy of fipronil + S-methoprene was 61.6, 75.4 and 84.7%, respectively (P < 0.0001, within both groups and all days). Flea counts were significantly lower in the lotilaner group than in the fipronil + S-methoprene group (P < 0.0001) on each assessment day. On day 90, 98.3% of lotilaner-treated cats and 28.8% of fipronil + S-methoprene-treated cats were free of fleas. Owners successfully administered 99.5% of tablets to their cats. Total FAD score was reduced significantly following treatment in both groups by day 30 (lotilaner: P < 0.0001; fipronil + S-methoprene: P = 0.0041) and continued to decrease following multiple treatments. Total FAD scores were also significantly lower in the lotilaner group than in the fipronil + S-methoprene group on day 90 (P = 0.0006 for FAD total score). Pruritus scores were significantly lower in the lotilaner group on all assessment days. CONCLUSION: A single lotilaner treatment, administered by the pet owner, was > 98% efficacious in reducing flea counts within 30 days. Three consecutive monthly lotilaner treatments resulted in nearly 100% reduction in flea infestation. In the evaluations of flea counts, number of cats free from fleas and pruritus FAD score, lotilaner was shown to be superior to fipronil + S-methoprene at all time points. Lotilaner was more efficacious than fipronil + S-methoprene and was associated with greater reduction in FAD signs. Lotilaner flavored tablets were well accepted by cats. Adverse reactions were mild and infrequent, confirming the safety of lotilaner tablets in client-owned cats.

Asunto(s)

Enfermedades de los Gatos/tratamiento farmacológico , Ctenocephalides/efectos de los fármacos , Infestaciones por Pulgas/tratamiento farmacológico , Infestaciones por Pulgas/veterinaria , Insecticidas/uso terapéutico , Oxazoles/uso terapéutico , Comprimidos/uso terapéutico , Tiofenos/uso terapéutico , Administración Oral , Animales , Enfermedades de los Gatos/parasitología , Gatos , Femenino , Hospitales Veterinarios , Insecticidas/administración & dosificación , Insecticidas/farmacología , Masculino , Masticación , Propiedad , Oxazoles/administración & dosificación , Oxazoles/farmacología , Mascotas/parasitología , Distribución Aleatoria , Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Piel/parasitología , Tiofenos/administración & dosificación , Tiofenos/farmacología , Resultado del Tratamiento , Estados Unidos

RESUMEN

Historic data show that home flea infestations can be managed by treating all animals on the premises with a highly effective flea control product. The use of effective products has also been shown to reduce pruritus and minimize dermatologic lesions in both cats and dogs. Therefore, an in-home study was conducted in West Central Florida USA to evaluate the efficacy of a topically applied selamectin-sarolaner formulation to control fleas in naturally infested cats over a 12-week period. Thirty-seven cats in 21 households were treated once monthly with the selamectin-sarolaner topical solution. In the topical fluralaner treatment (positive control) group, forty-three cats in 20 households were treated once on day 0. A combined total of thirty dogs in both groups were treated once monthly with oral sarolaner. Fleas on cats were counted by flea combing, fleas on dogs were counted using visual area counts and fleas in the indoor premises were assessed using intermittent-light flea traps. Blinded-assessments of feline dermatologic lesions (modified-SCORFAD) were conducted monthly by a boarded-dermatologist and pruritus severity was evaluated by pet owners. Three consecutive monthly treatments of selamectin-sarolaner reduced flea populations on cats by 96.3 % within 7 days and by 100% from week 6 to the end of the 12-week study. The topical application of fluralaner reduced flea populations by 98.1 % within 7 days and efficacy reached 100% by week 12. At the end of the study, fleas were completely eradicated (from cats, dogs and homes) in every home regardless of treatment group. Owner reported cat pruritus was reduced by > 87 % in both treatment groups by week 12. Significant improvements in dermatologic lesion scores (> 81 %) were achieved by both products by the end of the study. Monthly applications of topical selamectin-sarolaner or topical fluralaner to cats living in the heavy flea challenge environment of West Central Florida USA were effective in eradicating flea infestations, reducing pruritus and improving dermatologic lesions.

Asunto(s)

Azetidinas/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades de los Gatos/prevención & control , Infestaciones por Pulgas/veterinaria , Insecticidas/uso terapéutico , Ivermectina/análogos & derivados , Compuestos de Espiro/uso terapéutico , Administración Tópica , Animales , Azetidinas/administración & dosificación , Enfermedades de los Gatos/parasitología , Gatos , Combinación de Medicamentos , Infestaciones por Pulgas/parasitología , Infestaciones por Pulgas/prevención & control , Florida , Insecticidas/administración & dosificación , Ivermectina/administración & dosificación , Ivermectina/uso terapéutico , Compuestos de Espiro/administración & dosificación

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: One randomized, controlled clinical field study was conducted in 18 general veterinary practices throughout the USA to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a novel oral chewable combination tablet, Simparica Trio™, containing sarolaner, moxidectin and pyrantel for the treatment and prevention of fleas on dogs. METHODS: Client-owned dogs, from households of three or fewer dogs were eligible for enrollment. Four hundred and twenty-two dogs from 251 households were enrolled. Households were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to treatment with either Simparica Trio™ at the minimum label dose of 1.2 mg/kg sarolaner, 24 µg/kg moxidectin and 5 mg/kg pyrantel (as pamoate salt) or afoxolaner (NexGard®, Boehringer-Ingelheim) at the label dose. One dog per household was selected as the primary dog for efficacy evaluations. Treatments were dispensed and dogs were dosed in their home environment on Day 0 and on approximately Day 30. Flea counts and examination for clinical signs of flea allergy dermatitis (FAD) were performed at the initial visit the day before or on Day 0 prior to treatment and on Days 30 and 60. Additionally, all dogs were examined for general health at each visit and blood and urine were collected for clinical pathology at screening and Day 60. RESULTS: Simparica Trio™ reduced geometric mean live flea counts by 99.0% by Day 30 and by 99.7% by Day 60. As a result of the rapid reduction in flea infestations, clinical signs associated with FAD substantially improved following treatment. Simparica Trio™ was well-tolerated and a diverse range of concomitant medications were administered to dogs during the course of the study. Simparica Trio™ chewable tablets were well-accepted by dogs, with the majority of flavored chewable tablets (91.9%) voluntarily consumed by free choice without, or when offered in food. CONCLUSIONS: Simparica Trio™ administered orally once monthly for two consecutive treatments was safe and effective against natural flea infestations and substantially improved clinical signs associated with FAD in client-owned dogs in a field study conducted in the USA.

Asunto(s)

Acaricidas/administración & dosificación , Enfermedades de los Perros/tratamiento farmacológico , Infestaciones por Pulgas/veterinaria , Administración Oral , Animales , Azetidinas/administración & dosificación , Dermatitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Dermatitis/veterinaria , Perros , Combinación de Medicamentos , Femenino , Infestaciones por Pulgas/tratamiento farmacológico , Hospitales Veterinarios , Isoxazoles/administración & dosificación , Macrólidos/administración & dosificación , Masculino , Naftalenos/administración & dosificación , Carga de Parásitos , Pirantel/administración & dosificación , Siphonaptera , Compuestos de Espiro/administración & dosificación , Comprimidos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Estados Unidos

RESUMEN

Post-launch field investigations of recently-approved flea control products establish an efficacy baseline and in subsequent years can detect any efficacy decline suggestive of emerging resistance. As part of a continuing program of yearly assessment of flea control products in west central Florida, this study, using client-owned dogs, investigated the efficacy of lotilaner and spinosad in controlling fleas and in alleviating dermatologic signs likely associated with flea infestations. Forty-four qualifying households were randomized to either a lotilaner (Credelio®) (minimum dose rate 20 mg/kg) or a spinosad (Comfortis®) (30 mg/kg) group, with 33 and 36 dogs in each group, respectively. On Days 0 and 28 (±2) all dogs in each household were treated with the allocated product according to label directions, and all household cats received spinetoram (Cheristin®). On Day 0 and at weekly intervals through Day 56 (±2), on-animal and premises flea burdens were enumerated, a veterinary dermatologist scored integumental changes using canine atopic dermatitis extent and severity index (CADESI)-4 and flea allergy dermatitis (FAD) scales, and owners scored pruritus using the validated canine pruritus severity scale (CPSS). At study entry geometric mean flea counts were 33.2 and 29.9 in the lotilaner and spinosad groups, respectively. For both groups, reductions in flea counts were > 99% at the first post-treatment assessment (Week 1), and 100% from Week 6 through the final assessment (Week 8) when all study dogs were flea-free. For both groups, at each timepoint, flea counts on dogs and in traps were significantly reduced compared to the initial assessment (p < 0.001), as were improvements in median CADESI-4, FAD and CPSS scores (p ≤ 0.001). At Week 4, the geometric mean flea count on dogs in the lotilaner group (0.1) was significantly lower than that of dogs in the spinosad group (0.6) (p = 0.027), significantly fewer dogs in the lotilaner group were found to have fleas (p = 0.034), and mean owner-rated pruritus scores were significantly lower (p = 0.025). Under field conditions favoring heavy flea challenge, two consecutive monthly treatments of dogs with either lotilaner or spinosad produced a 100% reduction in canine flea infestations and dramatic improvements in dermatologic lesions and pruritus, based on scoring by a veterinary dermatologist and by dog owners. Household flea burdens were driven to extinction in all but one home in each treatment group.

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: An investigation was conducted in West Central Florida, USA to evaluate the efficacy of either topically applied fluralaner or topically applied selamectin to control flea infestations, minimize dermatologic lesions and reduce pruritus in naturally flea infested cats over a 12-week period. When dogs were present in the households, they were treated with either oral fluralaner (if household cats were treated with topical fluralaner) or oral sarolaner (if household cats were treated with topical selamectin). METHODS: Thirty-one cats in 20 homes were treated once with fluralaner topical solution on day 0 and 18 dogs in these homes were administered a single fluralaner chewable. Twenty-nine cats in 18 homes were treated once monthly with a selamectin topical solution for 3 treatments and 13 dogs in these same homes were treated once monthly for 3 treatments with a sarolaner chewable. Fleas on cats were counted by flea combing, fleas on dogs were estimated using visual area counts and fleas in the indoor premises were assessed using intermittent-light flea traps. Blinded-assessments of feline dermatologic lesions were conducted monthly and pruritus severity was evaluated by pet owners. RESULTS: A single topical application of fluralaner reduced flea populations on cats by 96.6% within 7 days and by 100% at 12 weeks post-treatment. This efficacy was significantly greater than selamectin treatment where single topical application reduced flea populations on cats by 79.4% within 7 days of initial treatment and 3 consecutive monthly treatments reduced flea populations by 91.3% at the end of 12 weeks. At the end of the 12-week study, all fluralaner-treated cats were flea-free and this was significantly greater than the 38.5% of selamectin treated cats that were flea-free. At the end of the study, fleas were completely eradicated (from cats, dogs and homes) in 95.0% of fluralaner treatment group homes, significantly greater than the 31.3% of selamectin/sarolaner treatment group homes with complete flea eradication. Owner reported cat pruritus was reduced similarly in both treatment groups. Significant improvements in dermatologic lesion scores were achieved by day 30 in fluralaner treated cats and by day 60 in selamectin treated cats. CONCLUSIONS: An in-home investigation in subtropical Florida found that 1 application of topical fluralaner eliminated flea infestations on cats and in homes significantly more effectively than 3 consecutive monthly doses of selamectin.

Asunto(s)

Antiparasitarios/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades de los Gatos/tratamiento farmacológico , Infestaciones por Pulgas/veterinaria , Isoxazoles/uso terapéutico , Ivermectina/análogos & derivados , Administración Tópica , Animales , Antiparasitarios/administración & dosificación , Enfermedades de los Gatos/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Gatos/parasitología , Gatos , Infestaciones por Pulgas/tratamiento farmacológico , Infestaciones por Pulgas/epidemiología , Florida/epidemiología , Isoxazoles/administración & dosificación , Ivermectina/administración & dosificación , Ivermectina/uso terapéutico

RESUMEN

Flea allergy dermatitis (FAD) is the common, often neglected skin disease of goats caused mainly by Ctenocephalides felis. This study aimed to evaluate the immuno-oxidative pathobiology of FAD in goats. Twelve goats from the same herd were divided into two groups of six animals each. The group I (FAD) included animals with natural flea infestation and severe dermatitis lesions. The group II (Healthy control) animals were free from any parasitic infestation. To assess the pathological changes, the markers of oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione and total antioxidant capacity), and immune status (Tumour necrosis factor alpha, Interleukin 10, Transforming growth factor beta 1 and Th1/Th2 cytokine ratio) were evaluated from the blood and the serum samples. Remarkable oxidative stress and severe inflammatory response with Th2 cytokine dominance were observed in flea infested animals. Highly antigenic agents of fleas, either secretory or excretory or structural, induced severe inflammatory responses and significant oxidative stress in caprine FAD. Massive release of cytokines may be responsible for severe skin inflammation and lesions in FAD in contrast to other Th2 dominant ectoparasitic skin conditions of goats'.

Asunto(s)

Dermatitis/inmunología , Infestaciones por Pulgas/inmunología , Enfermedades de las Cabras/inmunología , Estrés Oxidativo/inmunología , Siphonaptera/inmunología , Células TH1/inmunología , Balance Th1 - Th2/fisiología , Células Th2/inmunología , Animales , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Cabras , Hipersensibilidad , Inflamación/inmunología , Interleucina-10/sangre , Masculino , Piel/inmunología , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta1/sangre , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/sangre

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: An in-home investigation of naturally flea infested dogs was conducted in West Central Florida, USA to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of two different oral flea adulticides to control flea infestations, minimize dermatologic lesions and reduce pruritus over an 8-week period. METHODS: Twenty-nine dogs living in 19 homes and another 26 dogs residing in 16 different homes were orally administered either a sarolaner or spinosad chewable, respectively on day 0 and once between days 28-30. Products were administered by study personnel according to label directions. Flea populations on dogs were estimated using visual area counts and flea infestations in the indoor premises were assessed using intermittent-light flea traps on days 0, 7, 14, 21 and once between days 28-30, 40-45, and 56-60. Assessments of dermatologic lesions were conducted monthly during the study and severity of pruritus was evaluated throughout the study on the same schedule as flea counts were conducted. Concurrent treatments for existing skin disease were not allowed. RESULTS: The administration of sarolaner or spinosad reduced flea populations on dogs by 99.0% and 97.3%, respectively within 7 days. Flea infestations on the sarolaner- and spinosad-treated dogs were reduced by > 99% at every counting period from day 14 post-treatment through the end of the 8-week study. At the end of the study 96.4 and 92.0% of the dogs treated with sarolaner and spinosad, respectively were flea-free. Flea populations in the indoor premises were also markedly reduced the end of the study, with 100 and 99.8% reductions in flea trap counts in the sarolaner and spinosad treatment groups, respectively. FAD lesion scores, atopic dermatitis lesions scores (CADESI-4) and pruritus severity scores were also markedly improved with both formulations. CONCLUSIONS: An in-home clinical field study conducted during the summer of 2016 in subtropical Florida demonstrated that two-monthly administrations of either sarolaner or spinosad chewables almost completely eliminated flea infestations on dogs and in private residences, while markedly reducing dermatology lesions and pruritus.

Asunto(s)

Azetidinas/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades de los Perros/tratamiento farmacológico , Infestaciones por Pulgas/veterinaria , Insecticidas/uso terapéutico , Macrólidos/uso terapéutico , Prurito/veterinaria , Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Compuestos de Espiro/uso terapéutico , Administración Oral , Animales , Azetidinas/administración & dosificación , Enfermedades de los Perros/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Perros/parasitología , Perros , Combinación de Medicamentos , Infestaciones por Pulgas/tratamiento farmacológico , Infestaciones por Pulgas/parasitología , Florida/epidemiología , Insecticidas/administración & dosificación , Macrólidos/administración & dosificación , Prurito/tratamiento farmacológico , Prurito/epidemiología , Prurito/parasitología , Siphonaptera/efectos de los fármacos , Piel/parasitología , Piel/patología , Compuestos de Espiro/administración & dosificación

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: A study was conducted to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of two different oral flea and tick products to control flea infestations, reduce pruritus and minimize dermatologic lesions over a 12 week period on naturally infested dogs in west central FL USA. METHODS: Thirty-four dogs with natural flea infestations living in 17 homes were treated once with a fluralaner chew on study day 0. Another 27 dogs living in 17 different homes were treated orally with an afoxolaner chewable on day 0, once between days 28-30 and once again between days 54-60. All products were administered according to label directions by study investigators. Flea populations on pets were assessed using visual area counts and premise flea infestations were assessed using intermittent-light flea traps on days 0, 7, 14, 21, and once between days 28-30, 40-45, 54-60 and 82-86. Dermatologic assessments were conducted on day 0 and once monthly. Pruritus assessments were conducted by owners throughout the study. No concurrent treatments for existing skin disease (antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, anti-fungals) were allowed. RESULTS: Following the first administration of fluralaner or afoxolaner, flea populations on pets were reduced by 99.0 % and 99.3 %, respectively within 7 days. Flea populations on the fluralaner treated dogs were 0 (100 % efficacy) on days 54-60 and 82-86 after the administration of a single dose on day 0. Administration of 3 monthly doses of afoxolaner reduced flea populations by 100 % on days 82-86. Flea numbers in indoor-premises were markedly reduced in both treatment groups by days 82-86, with 100 % and 98.9 % reductions in flea trap counts in the fluralaner and afoxolaner treatment groups, respectively. Marked improvement was observed in FAD lesion scoring, Atopic Dermatitis lesions scoring (CADESI-4) and pruritus scores with both formulations. CONCLUSIONS: In a clinical field investigation conducted during the summer of 2015 in subtropical Florida, a single administration of an oral fluralaner chew completely eliminated dog and premises flea infestations and markedly reduced dermatology lesions and pruritus. Three monthly doses of the afoxolaner chewable also eliminated flea infestations in dogs, markedly reduced premises' flea populations and similarly improved dermatology lesions and pruritus.

Asunto(s)

Enfermedades de los Perros/parasitología , Infestaciones por Pulgas/veterinaria , Isoxazoles/uso terapéutico , Naftalenos/uso terapéutico , Prurito/veterinaria , Animales , Enfermedades de los Perros/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades de los Perros/epidemiología , Perros , Infestaciones por Pulgas/tratamiento farmacológico , Infestaciones por Pulgas/epidemiología , Florida/epidemiología , Insecticidas/administración & dosificación , Insecticidas/uso terapéutico , Isoxazoles/administración & dosificación , Naftalenos/administración & dosificación , Prurito/prevención & control , Siphonaptera/efectos de los fármacos

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Fluralaner is the first orally administered isoxazoline to provide 12 weeks of activity against fleas and ticks after a single administration. As a result of its potent anti-flea activity, oral fluralaner may be proposed as a component of a strategy for the control of flea allergy dermatitis (FAD) in dogs. The open field study reported here assessed the efficacy of fluralaner for long-term control (up to 6 months) of FAD in affected client-owned dogs maintained under common household conditions in the Ile-de-France region. METHODS: This was an open pre-treatment versus post-treatment study. Client-owned dogs with clinical signs of FAD were recruited and treated with oral fluralaner (Bravecto®) at 25-56 mg/kg body weight on days 0 and 84. The dogs' condition was assessed at each visit (on days 0, 28, 84 and 168) using the following three parameters: (i) extent of skin lesions based on the scoring system for canine FAD; (ii) pruritus severity based on the pruritus visual analog scale; (iii) presence or absence of fleas or flea feces. RESULTS: Of the 26 dogs initially enrolled, 23 were presented on day 28, 20 on day 84 and 16 for the final evaluation on day 168. Eighteen out of 20 dogs (90 %) presented on day 84 and 15 out of 16 dogs (94 %) presented on day 168 showed a complete clinical resolution. The post-treatment FAD clinical scores on days 28, 84 and 168 were significantly different from that of the pre-treatment with a reduction of 89.8 %, 98.8 % and 99.8 %, respectively. The post-treatment pruritus index values on days 28, 84 and 168 were significantly different from that of the pre-treatment with a reduction of 45.2 %, 71.2 % and 80.8 %, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The present study confirmed that oral fluralaner treatment should be considered as effective for long-term control of clinical signs in FAD affected dogs.

Asunto(s)

Dermatitis Alérgica por Contacto/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Perros/tratamiento farmacológico , Infestaciones por Pulgas/veterinaria , Insecticidas/administración & dosificación , Isoxazoles/administración & dosificación , Animales , Dermatitis Alérgica por Contacto/prevención & control , Perros , Infestaciones por Pulgas/complicaciones , Infestaciones por Pulgas/tratamiento farmacológico , Francia , Resultado del Tratamiento

RESUMEN

The efficacy and safety of a novel isoxazoline parasiticide, sarolaner (Simparica™), for the control of fleas on dogs was evaluated in a randomized, controlled clinical study conducted in 19 general veterinary practices throughout the United States. Four hundred and seventy nine (479) dogs from 293 households were enrolled. Each household was randomly assigned to treatment with either sarolaner oral tablets (Simparica™, Zoetis) at the proposed label dose or an approved comparator product at the label dose (spinosad, Comfortis(®), Elanco). Dogs were dosed by their owners at home on Day 0 and on approximately Days 30 and 60. Dogs were examined at the clinics for general health, flea and tick infestation, and clinical signs of flea allergy dermatitis (FAD) at the initial visit and Days 14, 30, 60 and 90. Blood was collected for clinical pathology at screening and Day 90. Sarolaner was well-accepted by dogs with the majority of flavored chewable tablets (91.5%) accepted free choice, by hand or in food. Geometric mean live flea counts were reduced by >99% at the first time measured (14 days) after initiation of treatment and continued to reduce through the study. Treatment success (proportion of dogs with ≥90% reduction in fleas) for the sarolaner-treated dogs was superior to that for spinosad-treated dogs at Days 14 and 30 and non-inferior on Days 60 and 90 (P≤0.025) The rapid reduction in flea infestations resulted in a similar rapid resolution of the clinical signs associated with FAD. Sarolaner chewable tablets were well tolerated with no treatment related adverse reactions. Most of the clinical signs reported were consistent with allergies and dermatitis or sporadic occurrences of conditions commonly observed in the general dog population. A wide variety of concomitant medications, including many commercially available heartworm preventatives and other anthelmintic drugs, were administered to study dogs and all were well tolerated. Sarolaner administered orally to provide a minimum dosage of 2.0mg/kg (range 2-4mg/kg) once monthly for three consecutive treatments was safe and effective in the treatment and prevention of natural infestations of fleas and resulted in a substantial improvement of clinical signs associated with FAD.

Asunto(s)

Infestaciones por Pulgas/veterinaria , Insecticidas/uso terapéutico , Isoxazoles/administración & dosificación , Animales , Enfermedades de los Perros/tratamiento farmacológico , Perros , Femenino , Infestaciones por Pulgas/tratamiento farmacológico , Insecticidas/efectos adversos , Isoxazoles/efectos adversos , Masculino , Resultado del Tratamiento , Estados Unidos

RESUMEN

This article reviews contemporary concepts underlying the design of control strategies for the management of flea allergy dermatitis in dogs and cats. The limitations of palliative symptomatic approaches are noted, as is the fundamental requirement to differentiate simple pulicosis from true hypersensitivity. In the latter case, eradication of fleas from the affected animal and its surroundings has to be an essential aim. The different biological properties offered by modern chemotherapy are defined and the range of techniques for applying active compounds to the animal and its environment described. Factors for consideration when formulating control strategies and selecting chemotherapeutic agents are discussed in the context of the complexities of the flea life-cycle, the host-parasite relationship and client concerns.

RESUMEN

Survival, egg production and egg viability of fleas allowed to feed on eight flea-allergic and six flea-naive cats were compared. Fifty fleas, in feeding cages or free roaming, were allowed to feed on the cats. Flea-allergic cats removed significantly more free-roaming fleas than did flea-naive cats. Female fleas produced fewer eggs on flea-allergic cats than on flea-naive cats regardless of feeding method. There was no significant difference in egg viability between the two groups. The data suggest that flea-allergic cats efficiently removed fleas by grooming and that they also produce unknown factor(s) that affect the fecundity of fleas.

RESUMEN

Abstract- Fipronil is a new insecticide and acaricide belonging to the phenylpyrazole family. Experimental studies have demonstrated the efficacy of a 0.25% fipronil mechanical pump spray formulation against fleas and ticks in both dogs and cats. Two multicentric clinical trials were set up to confirm the efficacy of this product under field conditions. The dog study was a positive control study. Flea infestation was qualitatively assessed at the initial visit (treatment date) and at the final visit (when reinfestation was observed or at the latest by 2 months after treatment). Sixty-one per cent and 21.5 per cent of dogs were free of fleas ("zero-flea stage") at the end of the second month post-treatment in the experimental and reference groups, respectively. The incidence of pruritus and dermatological lesions was reduced in the two groups but with significantly better results in the fipronil group. Sixty-one per cent of the cats treated with fipronil were also free of fleas at the end of the second month post-treatment. Pruritus was also significantly reduced. Résumé- Le fipronil est un nouvel insecticide appartenant à la famille des phénylpyrazolés. Des études expérimentales ont démontré l'efficacité d'une solution à 0,25% de fipronil en pulvérisation manuelle contre les puces et les tiques chez le chien et le chat. Deux études cliniques multicentriques ont été conduites pour confirmer l'efficacité de ce produit sur le terrain. L'étude chez le chien est une étude contrôlée positive. L'infestation par les puces a été déterminée qualitativement lors de la visite initiale (date du traitement), et lors de la visite finale (quand une réinfestation a été observée ou au moins 2 mois après le traitement). 61% et 21,5% des chiens étaient indemnes de puces (stade 0 puce) à la fin du second mois consécutif au traitement respectivement dans le groupe traité et dans le groupe de référence. Le prurit et les lésions dermatologiques étaient réduits dans les deux groupes, mais avec des résultats meilleurs dans le groupe fipronil. 61% des chats traités avec le fipronil étaient aussi indemnes de puces 2 mois après le traitement. Le prurit était également significativement réduit. [Postal, J.-M. R., Jeannin, P. C, Consalui, P.-J. Field efficiency of a mechanical pump spray formulation containing 0.25% fipronil in the treatment and control of flea infestation and associated dermatological signs in cats and dogs (Efficacité d'une solution à 0,25% de fipronil en pulvérisation manuelle dans le traitement et le contrôle d'une pullicose et des symptômes dermatologiques associés chez les chiens et les chats). Resumen- El fipronil es un nuevo insecticida y acaricida de la familia de los fenilpirazoles. Estudios expérimentales han demostrado la efectividad de une fórmula de fipronil al 0,25% en un pulverizador con sistema mecànico de bombeo contra pulgas y piojos en el perro y en el gato. Se diseñaron dos pruebas clinicas multicéntricas para confirmar la afectividad de este producto en condiciones de campo. El estudio en el perro fue la prueba control. Se realizó un examen cualtitativo sobre el grado de infestación por pulgas en la primera visita (fecha de tratamiento) y en la última visita (en caso de reinfestación o como máximo dos meses después del tratamiento). El sesenta y uno por ciento y el 21,5% de los perros estaba libre de pulgas ("estadio pulga-cero") al final del segundo mes después del tratamiento en los grupos experimental y de referencia, respectivamente. La incidencia de prurito y de lesiones dermatológicas se vieron reducidos en los dos grupos pero con resultados significativamente mejores en el grupo del fipronil. El sesenta y uno por ciento de los gatos tratados con fipronil estaban también fibres de pulgas al final del segundo mes después del tratamiento. El prurito se vió también significativamente disminuido. [Postal, J.-M. R., Jeannin, P. C, Consalui, P.-J. Field efficiency of a mechanical pump spray formulation containing 0.25% fipronil in the treatment and control of flea infestation and associated dermatological signs in cats and dogs (Efectividad en un estudio de campo de una fórmula para pulverizador con sistema mecànico de bombeo con un 0,25% de fipronil en el tratamiento y control de infestaciones por pulgas y problemas dermatológicos asociados en el perro y el gato).