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Objective: To compare the efficacy of finger pressure and plastic wafers in terms of pain control during debonding. METHODS: This cross sectional study was conducted at the Department of Orthodontics, Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from January to June 2020, and comprised patients of either gender aged 13-21 years who had completed fixed orthodontic treatment with 0.022 brackets of Roth prescription and required debonding. The patients was divided into two equal groups. In group A, teeth were stabilised with finger pressure with cotton between the finger and teeth, and then debonding was done using open mouth technique. In group B, teeth were stabilised using a plastic wafer between maxillary and mandibular teeth, and then debonding was done using closed mouth technique. Pain was assessed using a visual analogue scale VAS. Data was analysed using SPSS 23. RESULTS: Of the 110 patients, each of the 2 groups had 55(50%) subjects. Overall, there were 35(32%) males and 75(68%) females. The mean age of the sample was 16±2.4 years. Mean pain scores among the males was 32.0±7.68 compared to 34.067±12.59 among the females (p>0.05). Subjects in group B had significantly less pain than those in group A (p<0.05). Conclusion: Plastic wafer was found to be more effective in terms of controlling pain during debonding compared to finger pressure.

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BACKGROUND: Orthodontic treatment procedures like separator placement, archwire placement, orthodontic force application, miniscrew placement and debonding procedure usually involve pain and discomfort. Pain perception and methods to reduce pain during debonding in regard to gender and different locations of oral cavity is still a poorly documented issue in orthodontics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of different methods on pain management during debonding and its association with gender and location. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and forty orthodontic patients in the stage of debonding were randomly assigned into four groups according to different methods used during debonding; Group A: Medication group (Paracetamol given 1 h before debonding), Group B: Finger pressure group, Group C: Stress relief group and Group D: Control group. A visual analog scale (VAS) was used to assess the pain intensity just after debonding for each sextant. RESULTS: Among 140 participants, 61 (43.57%) were males and 79 (56.43%) were females. Differences in VAS score in different areas of oral cavity among all groups were found to be significant (p < 0.05). Total VAS score was greater in control group (16.67) followed by stress relief group (13.33) and finger pressure group (10) and least in medication group (8.33). The VAS score was higher in the upper front and lower front sextants in all the groups. Females reported higher VAS score and in upper front sextant, it showed significant difference (p = 0.018). On comparison, total VAS scores were statistically significant difference in medication-stress relief arm pair (p = 0.009), medication-control arm pair (p < 0.001) and finger pressure-control arm pair (0.002). The total VAS score comparison between medication-finger pressure arm was not significant (p = 0.172). CONCLUSIONS: Pain perceived during debonding varies in different areas of oral cavity among all the groups. Anterior area of oral cavity and female seems to be more sensitive to pain. Use of finger pressure can be used effectively for pain management during debonding.

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BACKGROUND: The manner in which shooters pull the trigger may significantly affect the shooter's results. Shooting coaches are often not able to detect incorrect pull because of gun movement during the shot and recoil. OBJECTIVE: Development of the smart-textile based trigger pull monitoring system and demonstration of its ability to distinguish correct and wrong triggering techniques. METHODS: Two separated knitted resistive pressure sensors were integrated over III and II phalanges in the index finger fingerstall; single sensor was integrated over both III and II phalanges of the middle finger fingerstall. Resistance of the sensors was measured in a course of shots, performed by expert shooter, which simulated typical novice's trigger pull errors. RESULTS: Sensors' resistance recordings were made for following erroneous trigger pull motions: pulling of the trigger with index finger's II phalanx instead of III; fast and jerky trigger pull (trigger tear-off); too fast release of the trigger after shot; and excessive grip force, applied by middle finger. For each type of erroneous movement, recordings waveforms included distinguishable features that characterised a particular type of error. CONCLUSIONS: The developed trigger pull monitoring system provides signals that could be used for recognition of the incorrect trigger pull motions during gun shots.

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[Purpose] Three complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies: "Judo therapy", "acupuncture and moxibustion", and "Japanese traditional massage and finger pressure" have been partially covered by the national health insurance in Japan. The lifetime prevalence of the use of these CAM therapies is not well known. The aim of the present study was to report the prevalence of the lifetime use of these CAM therapies. [Participants and Methods] We conducted a mailed self-administered questionnaire survey among community-dwelling older people in Japan in 2015. They were asked whether they had undergone any treatments with the 3 CAM therapies. The answers obtained were classified into 3 categories: current, ever, or never. We defined lifetime prevalence as the proportion of individuals who are currently using or have ever used any of these 3 therapies in the population. [Results] Overall, we approached 1051 individuals and 983 agreed to participate. Lifetime prevalence of Judo therapy, acupuncture and moxibustion, and Japanese traditional massage and finger pressure use was 28.0%, 17.8% and 15.8%, respectively, among males, and 44.5%, 18.4%, and 27.3%, respectively, among females. [Conclusion] These results showed that not only Western medicine but also CAM therapies are common among older people in Japan.

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PURPOSE: Blood pressure (BP) is commonly assessed by brachial oscillometry in clinical practice, whereas in physiological studies, finger plethysmography is often employed. This study assessed the limits of agreement between BP metrics obtained from each device. METHODS: In 96 participants, we simultaneously recorded BP by brachial oscillometry (BP+; Uscom, Sydney, NSW, Australia) and finger plethysmography (Finometer MIDI, MLE1054-V; Finapres Medical Systems B.V., Amsterdam, the Netherlands). Agreement between the two devices was assessed by correlation and Bland-Altman analysis. We assessed average BP differences between the two devices using the criteria of the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instruments (AAMI), which require systolic and diastolic BP differences to be within ≤5 ± 8 (mean ± SD). RESULTS: Bland-Altman analysis showed wide limits of agreement (±~17 mmHg or greater) between finger-derived brachial and oscillometric BP. Both systolic and mean BP exhibited positive proportional biases (both P<0·05). Systolic BP differed significantly between devices (7·4 ± 17·7 mmHg, P<0·001), which did not meet the AAMI criteria. No mean bias was observed for diastolic BP (-1·5 ± 8·6 mmHg, P = 0·097), and the SD of ±8·6 mmHg is potentially acceptable given the finger signal may be expected to capture biological variability in BP. Mean BP showed poor concordance (3·7 ± 10·5 mmHg, P<0·001). CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that systolic and mean BP measurements made by brachial oscillometry do not agree with those from finger plethysmography. In contrast, diastolic BP values show acceptable agreement.

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BACKGROUND: A massage can be beneficial to relieve muscle tension on the neck and shoulder area. Various massage systems have been developed, but their motions are not uniform throughout different body parts nor specifically targeted to the neck and shoulder areas. OBJECTIVE: Pressure pattern and finger movement trajectories of the circular friction hand massage on trapezius, levator scapulae, and deltoid muscles were determined to develop a massage system that can mimic the motion and the pressure of the circular friction massage. METHODS: During the massage, finger movement trajectories were measured using a 3D motion capture system, and finger pressures were simultaneously obtained using a grip pressure sensor. RESULTS: Results showed that each muscle had different finger movement trajectory and pressure pattern. The trapezius muscle experienced a higher pressure, longer massage time (duration of pressurization), and larger pressure-time integral than the other muscles. CONCLUSIONS: These results could be useful to design a better massage system simulating human finger movements.

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Effect of wearing gloves on timely muscle reaction to stabilize handle perturbation was investigated. Thirteen adults gripped a horizontal overhead handle to which an upward force was applied at a random time. Muscle reaction time, integrated EMGs for eight muscles, and handle displacement were compared among three glove conditions affecting the coefficient of friction (COF=0.32, 0.50, and 0.74 for the polyester glove, bare hand, and latex glove, respectively). Lower COF increased the integrated EMGs and handle displacement until stabilization of the perturbed handle. The low-friction glove resulted in 16% (p=.01) greater muscular effort and 20% (p=.002) greater handle displacement, compared to the high-friction glove. Muscle reaction time was not influenced by glove condition. Cutaneous sensation and reflex eliciting forearm muscle activity appear to play an important role in detecting and responding to the perturbation initially, while the forearm and latissimus dorsi muscles primarily contribute to stabilizing the perturbed handle compared to other shoulder and upper arm muscles. Therefore, low-friction gloves, cutaneous sensory dysfunction, and weakened forearm and latissimus dorsi muscles may jeopardize persons' ability to stabilize a grip of a handle after perturbation.

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OBJECTIVES: To compare the finger pressure applied by dentists during cementation and to examine the effect of gender and time of day on finger pressure. METHODS: Fifteen dentists (9 males, 6 females) formed a study group and 10 master dies in premolar shape and Turcom Cera all-ceramic crowns were prepared to measure the maximum finger pressure applied by dentists during cementation. The dentists performed a total of 300 cementation processes. One-way analysis of variance and independent t tests were used to evaluate the results. RESULTS: A statistically significant difference was found in the amount of pressure applied during cementation (P<.005). However, there was no significant difference for time of day or gender according to one-way analysis of variance. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that finger pressure varies by dentist. For this reason, the optimum pressure should be determined exactly. Special equipment or an apparatus could be developed to apply that pressure.

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Objective To evaluate the feasibility and clinical efficacy of selective mini-incision procedure for superficial varicose veins of lower extremities. Methods A total of 89 patients with local superficial varicose veins (101 veins) treated in this hospital from January 1998 to July 2003 entered the study.Stetho-Doppler and finger pressure examination were performed preoperatively in all the patients to locate the malfunctioned venous valves.Ligation of communicating veins combined with saphenectomy was carried out by way of mini-incision under local anesthesia. Results The sutured wounds in all the patients healed by first intention.Out of 36 limbs with swelling and heaviness,symptoms disappeared in 29 limbs and relieved in 7 limbs.Localized subcutaneous hematoma beneath the incision occurred in 3 patients,but no skin numbness or other complications took place.Follow-up ranged from 1 month to 5 years [(30 2?18 8)months] and 65 patients were followed for more than 1 year.No recurrence of superficial varicosis of lower limbs was seen. Conclusions Selective mini-incision procedure for the treatment of varicose vein of lower extremities is feasible,simple,safe and effective.