RESUMEN
Pyriproxyfen (PPF) is an insecticide used in agriculture, which is approved for use in drinking water tanks for human consumption. However, some studies indicate that it may act as an endocrine disruptor and affect nontarget organisms. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of PPF on reproduction and general health status in female mice exposed from pre-puberty to adulthood. In the first experiment, females were treated by gavage from postnatal day (PND) 23 to (PND) 75 and were distributed into three experimental groups: control (vehicle), PPF 0.1 mg/kg, and PPF 1 mg/kg. Female mice were assessed for the age of puberty onset, body mass, water and food consumption, and the estrous cycle. On PDN 75, a subgroup was euthanized, when vital and reproductive organs were collected and weighed. The thyroid, ovary, and uterus were evaluated for histomorphometry. The other subgroup was assessed in relation to reproductive performance and fetal parameters. In a second experiment, the uterotrophic assay was performed with juvenile females (PND 18) using doses of 0.01, 0.1, or 1 mg/kg of PPF. PPF treatment reduced thyroid mass and increased liver mass. Furthermore, there was an increase in ovarian interstitial tissue and, in the uterus, a decrease in the thickness of the endometrial stroma with reduced content of collagen fibers. There was also a reduction of 30% in pregnancy rate in the treated groups and an increase in the frequency of fetal death. This study suggests that, based on this experimental model, the insecticide may pose a reproductive risk for females chronically exposed to the substance from the pre-pubertal period until adulthood. These results raise concerns about prolonged exposure of women to the same compound.
Asunto(s)
Insecticidas , Piridinas , Reproducción , Maduración Sexual , Femenino , Animales , Ratones , Piridinas/toxicidad , Embarazo , Maduración Sexual/efectos de los fármacos , Insecticidas/toxicidad , Reproducción/efectos de los fármacos , Muerte Fetal , Ovario/efectos de los fármacos , Ovario/crecimiento & desarrollo , Útero/efectos de los fármacos , Útero/crecimiento & desarrollo , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal/inducido químicamente , Disruptores Endocrinos/toxicidad , Glándula Tiroides/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis plays a fundamental role in the endocrine regulation of the reproductive function in mammals. Any change in the function of the participating hormones or their receptors can lead to alterations in sexual differentiation, the onset of puberty, infertility, cancer development, and other dysfunctions. In this study, we analyzed the influence of persistently elevated levels of the human chorionic gonadotropin hormone (hCG), a powerful agonist of pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH), on the reproductive axis of female mice. As a consequence of chronic hCG hypersecretion through a global expression of the hCGbeta-subunit in transgenic (TG) female mice, a series of events perturbed the prepubertal to juvenile transition. The imbalance in gonadotropin action was first manifested by precocious puberty and alterations in gonadal hormone production, with the consequent ovarian function disruption and infertility in adulthood. The expansion of cumulus cells in vivo and in vitro, ovulatory capacity, and gene expression of ovulation-related marker genes after hormone stimulation were normal in 3-week-old TG females. However, the expression of genes related to steroidogenesis and luteinization such as Lhcgr, Prlr, and the steroidogenic enzymes Cyp11a1, Cyp17a1, and Cyp19a1 were significantly elevated in the TG females. This study demonstrates that the excessive secretion of hCG in concert with high prolactin, induced premature luteinization, and enhanced ovarian steroidogenesis, as was shown by the up-regulation of luteal cell markers and progesterone synthesis in the TG mice. Furthermore, progressively impaired reproductive function of the TG females occurred from the peripubertal stage to adulthood, thus culminating in infertility.
Asunto(s)
Gonadotropina Coriónica , Infertilidad , Humanos , Ratones , Femenino , Animales , Gonadotropina Coriónica/farmacología , Gonadotropina Coriónica Humana de Subunidad beta/genética , Gonadotropina Coriónica Humana de Subunidad beta/metabolismo , Ratones Transgénicos , Luteinización , Mamíferos/metabolismoRESUMEN
We analyzed the effects of pyriproxyfen (PPF) on oxidative stress and ovarian morphology in zebrafish. PPF (10-9 M) exposure increased reactive oxygen species generation in ovaries, in association with a decrease in glutathione content. The activities of glutathione S-transferase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase were increased, while γ-glutamyltransferase activity was not altered by pesticide treatment. The histology of ovarian tissue showed an increase in the number of previtellogenic oocytes I, and a decrease in the rate of vitellogenic oocyte (VIT) count, suggesting inhibition of follicular maturation. An increase in the thickness of the vitelline envelope was observed in VIT, as was a tendency toward an increase in atresia in the ovary of the PPF-treated group. These findings indicate that the deleterious effect of PPF on ovarian maturation is mediated by a redox imbalance and oxidative damage. So, PPF acts as an endocrine disruptor chemical and may compromise fish reproduction by reducing female fertility.
Asunto(s)
Ovario , Pez Cebra , Animales , Femenino , Folículo Ovárico/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo , OocitosRESUMEN
Maternal diabetes-induced fetal programming predisposes offspring to type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and obesity in adulthood. However, lifelong health and disease trajectories depend on several factors and nutrition is one of the main ones. We intend to understand the role of maternal diabetes-induced fetal programming and its association with a high-fat diet during lifelong in the female F1 generation focusing on reproductive outcomes and the possible changes in physiological systems during pregnancy as well as the repercussions on the F2 generation at birth. For this, we composed four groups: F1 female pups from control (OC) or from diabetic dams (OD) and fed with standard (SD) or high-fat diet from weaning to full-term pregnancy. During pregnancy, glucose intolerance and insulin sensitivity were evaluated. In a full-term pregnancy, the maternal blood and liver were collected to evaluate redox status markers. The maternal blood, placental tissue, and fetal blood (pool) were collected to evaluate adiponectin and leptin levels. Maternal reproductive parameters were evaluated as well. Maternal diabetes and high-fat diet consumption, in isolation, were both responsible for increased infertility rates and fasting glucose levels in the F1 generation and fetal growth restriction in the F2 generation. The association of both conditions showed, in addition to those, increased lipoperoxidation in maternal erythrocytes, regardless of the increased endogenous antioxidant enzyme activities, glucose intolerance, decreased number of implantation sites and live fetuses, decreased litter, fetal and placental weight, increased preimplantation losses, and increased fetal leptin serum levels. Thus, our findings show that fetal programming caused by maternal diabetes or lifelong high-fat diet consumption leads to similar repercussions in pregnant rats. In addition, the association of both conditions was responsible for glucose intolerance and oxidative stress in the first generation and increased fetal leptin levels in the second generation. Thus, our findings show both the F1 and F2 generations harmed health after maternal hyperglycemic intrauterine environment and exposure to a high-fat diet from weaning until the end of pregnancy.
RESUMEN
Intercellular communication is an essential mechanism for development and maintenance of multicellular organisms. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) were recently described as new players in the intercellular communication. EVs are double-membrane vesicles secreted by cells and are classified according to their biosynthesis, protein markers and morphology. These extracellular vesicles contain bioactive materials such as miRNA, mRNA, protein and lipids. These characteristics permit their involvement in different biological processes. Reproductive physiology is complex and involves constant communication between cells. Different laboratories have described the presence of EVs secreted by ovarian follicular cells, oviductal cells, in vitro produced embryos and by the endometrium, suggesting that EVs are involved in the development of gametes and embryos, in animals and humans. Therefore, is important to understand physiological mechanisms and contributions of EVs in female reproduction in order to develop new tools to improve in vivo reproductive events and assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs). This review will provide the current knowledge related to EVs in female reproductive tissues and their role in ARTs.
RESUMEN
Arsenic is a metalloid widely found in the environment in organic and inorganic forms. Exposure to inorganic arsenic forms via drinking water has been associated with an increased incidence of negative health effects, including reproductive disorders and dysfunction of the endocrine system. However, the impact of arsenic exposure on female reproductive development is still unclear. Therefore, in the present study, we evaluated the effects of prenatal exposure to arsenic on the initial sexual development and puberty onset, and in the morphology of the female reproductive organs, estrous cycle regularity and fertility parameters during adulthood. To do that, pregnant female Wistar rats were exposed to 10 mg/L sodium arsenite via drinking water from gestational day (GD) 1 until GD 21 and the female offspring was evaluated in different postnatal days. Our results showed that prenatal arsenic exposure induced a decrease of litter weight and morphological masculinization in females at postnatal day 1. Moreover, these females had a delay in the age of puberty onset and alteration in estrous cycle number and length. During adulthood, females from the sodium arsenite group showed an increase in endometrium, myometrium and perimetrium areas, and an imbalance in uterine antioxidant enzyme activity. These animals also presented an increase in post-implantation loss and reabsorption number, leading to reduced viable fetus number. In conclusion, prenatal arsenic exposure in rats was able to promote female masculinization, alter sexual development and impair reproductive performance.
Asunto(s)
Arsenitos/toxicidad , Ciclo Estral/efectos de los fármacos , Exposición Materna/efectos adversos , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal , Pubertad/efectos de los fármacos , Reproducción/efectos de los fármacos , Compuestos de Sodio/toxicidad , Animales , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Fertilidad/efectos de los fármacos , Modelos Animales , Embarazo , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
Statins are a class of drugs that act lowering lipid levels by inhibiting cholesterol biosynthesis. Additionally, statins can act by "pleiotropic effects", related to the inhibition of synthesis of the other mevalonate pathway products. Rosuvastatin is a third-generation statin and has shown better results in reducing cholesterol concentrations when compared to other statins. Recent studies suggest that rosuvastatin may act as an endocrine disruptor that potentially damages the hormonal axis and, consequently reproductive development and function of male rats. However, the effects of rosuvastatin exposure on rat female reproductive parameters remain unknown. In this study female rats were exposed to rosuvastatin at the doses of 0 (control), 3, or 10 mg/Kg.bw-1/day from pre-puberty to adulthood. No alterations in the female reproductive parameters were observed at a dose of 3 mg/Kg.bw-1. However, females exposed to 10 mg/Kg.bw-1 exhibited shorter estrous cycles, altered copulatory behavior, decreased serum prolactin level, and alterations in the liver, pituitary and placental weights, parameters to some extent influenced by the reproductive hormonal axis signaling pathway. On the other hand, pubertal onset, reproductive hormone levels, fertility, and histological parameters of the ovary, uterus, and placenta were unaltered by exposure to both doses of this statin. Thus, rosuvastatin exposure, at the higher dose, altered the reproductive function of female rats, probably due to the pleiotropic effects of this statin. Additional studies on the effects of this statin on female reproductive function and development are encouraged to better characterize its mode of action.
RESUMEN
Thyroid hormones (THs) regulate several physiological processes in female mammals, many of which are related to reproduction such as steroidogenesis in the ovary, oocyte and granulosa cells maturation, follicular development and differentiation, and ovulation. THs actions require the presence of THs transporters to facilitate their cellular uptake and efflux. MCT8 and OATP1C1 are the principal THs transporters. The aim of the present study was to determine the gene expression and cellular localization of MCT8 and OATP1C1 in the rat ovary during the diestrus-II cycle phase. Ovaries of virgin adult rats were histologically processed. Reverse Transcription-PCR and immunohistochemistry analyses for MCT8 and OATP1C1 were done. MCT8 gene expression level was significantly higher (Pâ¯≤â¯0.01) than that of OATP1C1 in the rat ovary. MCT8 and OATP1C1 were found in all types of ovarian cells but with different immunoreactivity. MCT8 showed stronger immunoreactivity in tertiary and Graafian follicles, corpus luteum and blood vessels, whereas OATP1C1's immunoreactivity was stronger in stroma cells, tunica albuginea, and blood vessels. Our results provide evidence that THs and their transporters are both necessary for ovarian function and that any alteration in these transporters could interfere with reproductive processes such as ovulation and steroidogenesis, compromising fertility.
Asunto(s)
Regulación de la Expresión Génica/fisiología , Transportadores de Ácidos Monocarboxílicos/biosíntesis , Proteínas de Transporte de Catión Orgánico/biosíntesis , Ovario/metabolismo , Animales , Femenino , Inmunohistoquímica , Ovario/citología , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
Leucaena feed has been reported to cause disruptive effects on livestock reproduction, such as low calving percentages in cows, abortion in female goats and pigs, dead fetuses and fetal resorption in pregnant rats. In this study, the effects of Leucaena on different female reproductive variables were analyzed in two different reproductive conditions: gonadally intact and ovariectomized (OVX) female rats. Leucaena (LEU) was administered to females in both experimental conditions for 30 consecutive days. The effects of the legume extract were compared with those of Daidzein (DAI), a phytoestrogen, and of the female hormone estradiol (E2). In intact females, LEU disrupted the estrous cycle and female sexual behavior, decreased the number of follicles and corpora lutea, increased uterine and vaginal epithelium in proestrus and diestrus periods, increased uterine and vaginal relative weights during diestrus, and decreased serum progesterone during proestrus. All these effects were similar to those of DAI but lower than E2-induced effects. In OVX females, LEU decreased body weight, induced lordosis, stimulated vaginal epithelium cornification, increased vaginal weight, and augmented vaginal epithelium thickness. Again, these effects were similar to the effects of DAI and lower than the effects observed with E2. These results indicate that, in gonadally intact females, LEU can produce antiestrogenic effects in sexual behavior but estrogenic effects on uterine and vaginal weight and epithelia, without modifying serum levels of E2. In OVX females, in total absence of endogenous E2, LEU induced estrogenic effects on vaginal weight and epithelia, as well as on sexual behavior.
Asunto(s)
Estrógenos/farmacología , Ciclo Estral/efectos de los fármacos , Fabaceae , Fitoestrógenos/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Reproducción/efectos de los fármacos , Conducta Sexual Animal/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Estradiol/sangre , Femenino , Isoflavonas/farmacología , Tamaño de los Órganos/efectos de los fármacos , Folículo Ovárico/efectos de los fármacos , Ovario/efectos de los fármacos , Progesterona/sangre , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Útero/efectos de los fármacos , Vagina/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Intercellular communication is an essential mechanism for development and maintenance of multicellular organisms. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) were recently described as new players in the intercellular communication. EVs are double-membrane vesicles secreted by cells and are classified according to their biosynthesis, protein markers and morphology. These extracellular vesicles contain bioactive materials such as miRNA, mRNA, protein and lipids. These characteristics permit their involvement in different biological processes. Reproductive physiology is complex and involves constant communication between cells. Different laboratories have described the presence of EVs secreted by ovarian follicular cells, oviductal cells, in vitro produced embryos and by the endometrium, suggesting that EVs are involved in the development of gametes and embryos, in animals and humans. Therefore, is important to understand physiological mechanisms and contributions of EVs in female reproduction in order to develop new tools to improve in vivo reproductive events and assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs). This review will provide the current knowledge related to EVs in female reproductive tissues and their role in ARTs.
Asunto(s)
Femenino , Animales , Técnicas Reproductivas/tendencias , Técnicas Reproductivas/veterinaria , Vesículas Extracelulares/enzimologíaRESUMEN
Intercellular communication is an essential mechanism for development and maintenance of multicellular organisms. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) were recently described as new players in the intercellular communication. EVs are double-membrane vesicles secreted by cells and are classified according to their biosynthesis, protein markers and morphology. These extracellular vesicles contain bioactive materials such as miRNA, mRNA, protein and lipids. These characteristics permit their involvement in different biological processes. Reproductive physiology is complex and involves constant communication between cells. Different laboratories have described the presence of EVs secreted by ovarian follicular cells, oviductal cells, in vitro produced embryos and by the endometrium, suggesting that EVs are involved in the development of gametes and embryos, in animals and humans. Therefore, is important to understand physiological mechanisms and contributions of EVs in female reproduction in order to develop new tools to improve in vivo reproductive events and assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs). This review will provide the current knowledge related to EVs in female reproductive tissues and their role in ARTs.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Femenino , Técnicas Reproductivas/tendencias , Técnicas Reproductivas/veterinaria , Vesículas Extracelulares/enzimologíaRESUMEN
Simulation studies allow addressing consequences of selection schemes, helping to identify effective strategies to enable genetic gain and maintain genetic diversity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term impact of genomic selection (GS) in genetic progress and genetic diversity of beef cattle. Forward-in-time simulation generated a population with pattern of linkage disequilibrium close to that previously reported for real beef cattle populations. Different scenarios of GS and traditional pedigree-based BLUP (PBLUP) selection were simulated for 15 generations, mimicking selection for female reproduction and meat quality. For GS scenarios, an alternative selection criterion was simulated (wGBLUP), intended to enhance long-term gains by attributing more weight to favorable alleles with low frequency. GS allowed genetic progress up to 40% greater than PBLUP, for female reproduction and meat quality. The alternative criterion wGBLUP did not increase long-term response, although allowed reducing inbreeding rates and loss of favorable alleles. The results suggest that GS outperforms PBLUP when the selected trait is under less polygenic background and that attributing more weight to low-frequency favorable alleles can reduce inbreeding rates and loss of favorable alleles in GS.
Asunto(s)
Bovinos/genética , Variación Genética , Alelos , Animales , Simulación por Computador , Femenino , Genoma , Endogamia , Desequilibrio de Ligamiento , Carne , Reproducción/genéticaRESUMEN
La obesidad es una epidemia multifactorial que involucra factores genéticos, ambientales y sociales. Revisaremos el efecto de la obesidad en la reproducción femenina. El tejido adiposo está involucrado en la producción de diversas hormonas relacionadas al metabolismo, la homeostasis del individuo y a su vez también en la reproducción, tanto en la mujer como en el varón. Revisaremos los diversos cambios que producen el sobrepeso y la obesidad de la mujer y las alteraciones hormonales que influyen en la salud reproductiva de la mujer.
Obesity is a multifactorial epidemic that involves genetic, environmental and social factors. We will review the effect of obesity on female reproduction. Adipose tissue is involved in the production of various hormones related to metabolism, the homeostasis of the individual and also in reproduction in both women and men. We will review the various changes produced by overweight and obesity in women and the hormonal changes that influence women's reproductive health.
RESUMEN
Parabens are used as preservatives in cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and food industries, and are frequently detected as contaminants in human fluids and tissues. The endocrine disrupting effects of parabens in female rodents include uterotrophic response, steroidogenesis impairment, and ovarian disturbances. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of maternal butyl paraben (BP) exposure on female sexual development. Pregnant Wistar rats were treated subcutaneously with either corn oil or BP at doses of 10, 100, or 200 mg/kg, from gestational day (GD) 12 until GD 20 for female foetal gonad evaluation, and from GD 12 until the end of lactation to evaluate sexual parameters on the female offspring. Immature female rats were also used in the uterotrophic assay to evaluate the possible estrogenic action of parabens. Our results revealed that, in this experimental protocol, BP did not show estrogenic activity at the doses used and did not impair sexual development and fertility capacity in the female rats, but impaired sexual behavior. We conclude that brain sexual development may be more sensitive to BP effects and we speculate that doses higher than 100 mg/kg (the male lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) for rodent reproductive parameters) would be necessary to promote damages in the female reproduction, regarding the same protocol of exposure. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 776-788, 2017.
Asunto(s)
Disruptores Endocrinos/toxicidad , Fertilidad/efectos de los fármacos , Parabenos/toxicidad , Reproducción/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Estro/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Hormonas/sangre , Humanos , Lactancia , Masculino , Exposición Materna/efectos adversos , Tamaño de los Órganos/efectos de los fármacos , Ovario/efectos de los fármacos , Ovario/patología , Embarazo , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Conducta Sexual Animal/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Gossypol, a phenolic compound produced by the pigment glands of cotton, is known to affect male reproduction. In females, exposure to gossypol has been associated with interference with the estrous cycle and embryo development. In laying hens fed cottonseed, gossypol was found to reduce egg production and weight and to cause discoloration of the egg yolk and/or albumen. It is probable that gossypol directly affects ovarian follicles, but this has not been confirmed experimentally yet. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine if gossypol affected cultivated ovarian follicles of the chicken. Ovarian follicles of adult female chickens were cultivated with different concentrations of gossypol (0, 5, 10 and 20 g/mL) and classified according to the stage of development as primordial, transitional, primary, secondary or antral, and as viable or atretic. The percentages of viable and atretic follicles in the ovaries cultivated for 24 hours in the presence of gossypol were significantly different from those of the controls for all types of follicles except for secondary follicles, but in all types after cultivation for 7 days. The percentage of viable follicles was higher than that of atretic follicles in ovaries cultivated without gossypol. In contrast, ovaries cultivated with gossypol showed a predominance of atretic follicles. Gossypol increased the proportion of atretic follicles at all stages of development in cultivated chicken ovaries. Thus, gossypol may affect ovarian follicular viability and maturation, which might interfere with female fertility.
Asunto(s)
Femenino , Animales , Desarrollo Embrionario/fisiología , Folículo Ovárico , Pollos/fisiología , Gosipol/análisis , Ciclo Estral , Fertilidad , Reproducción/fisiología , Técnicas In Vitro/veterinariaRESUMEN
Gossypol, a phenolic compound produced by the pigment glands of cotton, is known to affect male reproduction. In females, exposure to gossypol has been associated with interference with the estrous cycle and embryo development. In laying hens fed cottonseed, gossypol was found to reduce egg production and weight and to cause discoloration of the egg yolk and/or albumen. It is probable that gossypol directly affects ovarian follicles, but this has not been confirmed experimentally yet. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine if gossypol affected cultivated ovarian follicles of the chicken. Ovarian follicles of adult female chickens were cultivated with different concentrations of gossypol (0, 5, 10 and 20 g/mL) and classified according to the stage of development as primordial, transitional, primary, secondary or antral, and as viable or atretic. The percentages of viable and atretic follicles in the ovaries cultivated for 24 hours in the presence of gossypol were significantly different from those of the controls for all types of follicles except for secondary follicles, but in all types after cultivation for 7 days. The percentage of viable follicles was higher than that of atretic follicles in ovaries cultivated without gossypol. In contrast, ovaries cultivated with gossypol showed a predominance of atretic follicles. Gossypol increased the proportion of atretic follicles at all stages of development in cultivated chicken ovaries. Thus, gossypol may affect ovarian follicular viability and maturation, which might interfere with female fertility.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Femenino , Gosipol/análisis , Pollos/fisiología , Desarrollo Embrionario/fisiología , Folículo Ovárico , Técnicas In Vitro/veterinaria , Reproducción/fisiología , Ciclo Estral , FertilidadRESUMEN
Dysgerminoma and granulosa cell tumor are neoplasms of the ovary of domestic animals, originating from germ cells and sex-cords cells, respectively. These neoplasms generally occur unilaterally, and usually as a single neoplasm. This report describes a case of a dysgerminoma in the right ovary and a granulosa cell tumor in the left ovary in a six years old bitch. An Akita and Siberian Husky crossbred bitch was admitted at the Veterinary Hospital (Universidade Vila Velha), with a history of purulent vaginal discharge, irregular estrous cycle, fatigue, polydipsia and polyuria. Ultrasound exam demonstrated bilateral ovarian neoplasms, and the animal was subjected to ovariohysterectomy. Macroscopic and microscopic features found in right and left ovaries were typical of dysgerminoma and granulosa cells tumor Sertoli-like, respectively. The uterus had cystic endometrial hyperplasia associated with mild metritis. Ovarian neoplasms occurring bilaterally are uncommon especially with different cell origins and distinct histopathological patterns in each ovary as described in this report.
Asunto(s)
Femenino , Animales , Perros , Disgerminoma/patología , Disgerminoma/veterinaria , Tumor de Células de la Granulosa/veterinaria , Enfermedades del Sistema Endocrino/veterinaria , Endometritis/veterinaria , Neoplasias Ováricas/veterinariaRESUMEN
Dysgerminoma and granulosa cell tumor are neoplasms of the ovary of domestic animals, originating from germ cells and sex-cords cells, respectively. These neoplasms generally occur unilaterally, and usually as a single neoplasm. This report describes a case of a dysgerminoma in the right ovary and a granulosa cell tumor in the left ovary in a six years old bitch. An Akita and Siberian Husky crossbred bitch was admitted at the Veterinary Hospital (Universidade Vila Velha), with a history of purulent vaginal discharge, irregular estrous cycle, fatigue, polydipsia and polyuria. Ultrasound exam demonstrated bilateral ovarian neoplasms, and the animal was subjected to ovariohysterectomy. Macroscopic and microscopic features found in right and left ovaries were typical of dysgerminoma and granulosa cells tumor Sertoli-like, respectively. The uterus had cystic endometrial hyperplasia associated with mild metritis. Ovarian neoplasms occurring bilaterally are uncommon especially with different cell origins and distinct histopathological patterns in each ovary as described in this report.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Femenino , Perros , Disgerminoma/patología , Disgerminoma/veterinaria , Tumor de Células de la Granulosa/veterinaria , Neoplasias Ováricas/veterinaria , Endometritis/veterinaria , Enfermedades del Sistema Endocrino/veterinariaRESUMEN
Besides the well-known detrimental effects of obesity on cardiovascular and metabolic function, studies have shown that obesity is also associated with impaired reproductive function in women. Alterations in Angiotensin II (Ang II) have been associated with obesity and with female reproduction. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the reproductive and metabolic effects of Ang II AT1 receptor blockade with losartan in an animal model of obesity, in which female rats were offered a palatable, high calorie diet from weaning to adulthood. Sexual behavior, ovulation rates and preovulatory levels of the hormones estradiol, progesterone, LH and prolactin were analyzed. Retroperitoneal and perigonadal fat pads, triglycerides and cholesterol (total, HDL and LDL), and insulin resistance were analyzed. Losartan prevented increases in fat pad storage, insulin resistance, as well as triglycerides and LDL levels induced by cafeteria diet intake. Losartan also prevented ovulatory deficits and loss of preovulatory surges of progesterone and LH in cafeteria-fed female rats probably through the prevention of the increase in body weight and body fat. No alterations in sexual behavior were observed. These results suggest, for the first time, that Ang II contributes to the development of the deleterious effects of obesity on preovulatory surges of LH and progesterone and on the reduction of ovulation in obese female rats.
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Antagonistas de Receptores de Angiotensina/uso terapéutico , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Losartán/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades Metabólicas/prevención & control , Disfunciones Sexuales Psicológicas/prevención & control , Tejido Adiposo , Antagonistas de Receptores de Angiotensina/farmacología , Animales , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Colesterol/sangre , Estradiol/sangre , Femenino , Resistencia a la Insulina , Losartán/farmacología , Hormona Luteinizante/sangre , Enfermedades Metabólicas/complicaciones , Obesidad/inducido químicamente , Obesidad/complicaciones , Obesidad/prevención & control , Progesterona/sangre , Prolactina/sangre , Ratas , Disfunciones Sexuales Psicológicas/complicaciones , Triglicéridos/sangreRESUMEN
Exposure to environmental chemicals may contribute to reproductive disorders, especially when it occurs in critical periods of development. The female reproductive system can be a target for androgens derived from environmental contaminants or pathological conditions. The purpose of this study was to assess the long-term effects of androgens on uterine tissue after maternal exposure limited to the time of gestation and lactation. Pregnant Wistar rats were treated with testosterone propionate (TP) at 0.05 mg/kg, 0.1 mg/kg, 0.2 mg/kg or corn oil (vehicle), s.c., from gestational day 12 until the end of lactation. The results show changes in the pattern of expression of receptors for estrogen, progesterone, and androgen at all doses tested, and decreases in both apoptosis and cell proliferation indices at 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg. We conclude that early TP exposure, under these experimental conditions, causes changes in cellular and molecular parameters that are essential for normal uterine function in the adult.