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ABSTRACT Introduction: Malocclusion is presumed to have adverse effects on dental and facial attractiveness, leading to deleterious psychosocial impact and Quality of life(QoL) of the individual. The Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetic Questionnaire (PIDAQ) has proved to be effective for assessment of psychosocial impact of malocclusion on dental aesthetics, but it's effectiveness for assessing facial aesthetics is unknown. Objective: The aim of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of PIDAQ on its ability to reflect the psychosocial impact of malocclusion on facial attractiveness, using the Facial Aesthetic index (FAI) after its translation and validation in the regional language. Methods: The 23-item PIDAQ, after translation process, cross-cultural adaptation and pilot testing, was administered to 330 subjects (62.5 % females and 37.5 % males; age range 18-30 years) with varying degrees of severity of malocclusion, assessed by the two components of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (Dental Health Component, IOTN-DHC, for normative need; and self-administered Aesthetic Component, IOTN-AC, for subjective need) and FAI. Results: The internal consistency and test-retest reliability were good (Cronbach's alpha = 0.859 - 0.958; Intraclass correlation coefficient =0.984). FAI, IOTN-DHC and IOTN-AC scores showed highly significant correlation with PIDAQ scores, depicting strong convergent validity (p< 0.001). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni post-hoc test showed highly significant correlations (p-value < 0.001) for all comparisons. There were no significant differences between responses of males and females. The regional version of PIDAQ had excellent reliability. Conclusions: PIDAQ showed good psychometric properties and was able to effectively reflect the psychosocial impact of malocclusion on altered facial aesthetics.
RESUMO Introdução: Acredita-se que a má oclusão tenha efeitos adversos na estética dentária e facial, levando a um impacto psicossocial e na qualidade de vida (QV) do indivíduo. O questionário PIDAQ (Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetic Questionnaire) provou ser eficaz para avaliação do impacto psicossocial da má oclusão na estética dental, mas sua eficácia para avaliar a estética facial é desconhecida. Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a eficácia do PIDAQ em refletir o impacto psicossocial da má oclusão na atratividade facial, usando o Índice de Estética Facial (FAI) após sua tradução e validação na linguagem regional. Métodos: O PIDAQ com 23 itens, após o processo de tradução, adaptação transcultural e teste piloto, foi administrado a 330 indivíduos (62,5% do sexo feminino e 37,5% do sexo masculino; faixa etária de 18 a 30 anos) com má oclusão de gravidade variada, avaliados pelos dois componentes do Índice de Necessidade de Tratamento Ortodôntico (Componente de Saúde Dentária, IOTN-DHC, para necessidade normativa; e Componente Estético auto-administrado, IOTN-AC, para necessidade subjetiva) e pelo FAI. Resultados: A consistência interna e a confiabilidade teste-reteste foram boas (alfa de Cronbach = 0,859-0,958; coeficiente de correlação intraclasse = 0,984). Os escores FAI, IOTN-DHC e IOTN-AC mostraram correlação altamente significativa com os escores do PIDAQ, representando forte validade convergente (p< 0.001). A análise de variância (ANOVA) de uma via e o teste post-hoc de Bonferroni mostraram correlações altamente significativas (p < 0,001) para todas as comparações. Não houve diferenças significativas entre as respostas de homens e mulheres. A versão regional do PIDAQ apresentou excelente confiabilidade. Conclusões: O PIDAQ mostrou boas propriedades psicométricas e foi capaz de refletir efetivamente o impacto psicossocial da má oclusão na estética facial alterada.
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BACKGROUND: Localized scleroderma (LoS) is an autoimmune connective tissue disorder leading to serious long-term aesthetic impairment on patients. Objective evaluation methods are badly needed to facilitate the evaluation of the surgical treatment on individual patients and clinical studies. OBJECTIVE: To develop and assess the reliability and validity of Peking Union Medical College LoS facial aesthetic index (PUMC LoSFAI). METHODS: Twelve experts devoted their time and resources in the development and validation. LoS patients in the stable phase were recruited. Reliability and validity was then assessed. LoS patients were evaluated by two plastic surgeons using PUMC LoSFAI and LoS skin damage index (LoSDI). The PUMC LoSFAI comprises 4 domains for the local assessment (surface area of lesion, dyspigmentation, skin thickness and soft tissue atrophy) and 3 domains for the overall assessment (facial symmetry, proportion and profile) to describe LoS facial aesthetic impairment. Face-Q was completed by patients at each visit. RESULTS: Thirty-two LoS patients had 96 visits, during which 138 lesions were assessed. PUMC LoSFAI and 7 domains demonstrated substantial to excellent inter- and intra-rater reliability (ICC 0.995, κw 0.72-0.91, r 0.85-0.99, respectively). Seven domains considered to be important to extremely important variables (mean rank 3.2-3.8) had high I-CVI (> 0.78) and S-CVI (0.93). PUMC LoSFAI correlated excellently with LoSDI (r = 0.933, P < 0.001), and correlated fairly with Face-Q (r = - 0.399, P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: PUMC LoSFAI was developed and evaluated to play as a tool of aesthetic impairment assessment for LoS patients, which may facilitate the evaluation of the treatment on individual patients and clinical studies. PUMC LoSFAI demonstrated high reliability and validity, and further study in larger patient samples is needed to confirm these preliminary findings. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine Ratings, please refer to Table of Contents or online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .