RESUMEN
Background: There exists an underexploited opportunity to develop innovative therapeutic approaches to SUDs based upon the complementarity between modern and traditional health systems.Objectives: Illustrate the feasibility and potentiality of such an approach through the comprehensive description of Takiwasi Center's treatment model and program, where health concepts and practices from traditional Amazonian medicine work synergistically with modern psychotherapy and medicine in an intercultural dialog to assist in the rehabilitation of people suffering from SUDs.Methods: The description was built from a review of the literature, institutional data, participatory observation and unstructured interviews with staff, researchers and patients during treatment.Results: Since the foundation of the Takiwasi Center in 1992 in the peruvian Amazon, more than a thousand patients with different socio-cultural, ethnic and religious backgrounds have received residential treatment. We present how traditional Amazonian medicine techniques and health concepts cooperate to complement modern psychology in a therapeutic community setting and propose some hypotheses about the neurobiological, psycho-emotional and spiritual healing mechanisms triggered by the program to help people identify and heal the roots of their substance misuse and addictive behavior. We also summarize quantitative outcomes during treatment showing significant improvements in a wide variety of mental health indicators.Conclusion: Takiwasi Center's program is an option for people seeking non-conventional treatment who are sensitive to traditional Amazonian medicine practices and ready to explore the roots of their addiction. From this intercultural approach, some lessons could emerge toward a broader understanding of SUDs that may result in better patient care.
Asunto(s)
Conducta Adictiva , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias , Humanos , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/terapia , Psicoterapia/métodos , Salud Mental , EmocionesRESUMEN
Esta es una investigación de naturaleza teórica que se propone dar cuenta de las diferentes maneras en las que se ha conceptualizado la conciencia. A lo largo del texto se muestra cómo esta emerge como un tema fundamental en la exploración de la vida mental humana. Se exhiben las distintas aproximaciones a la conciencia desde los modelos fisicalistas y computacionales, y se procede a argumentar en contra de los inconvenientes de concebir la conciencia como una cuestión de atención y vigilia. Finalmente, se plantea la necesidad de recuperar el valor de la experiencia subjetiva, en la medida en que facilita la compresión de problemas como la identidad y los fenómenos místicos que desbordan los límites de una conceptualización atencional de la conciencia.
This is a piece of theoretical research that means to give an account of the different ways in which conscience has been conceptualized. Throughout the text, conscience emerges as a fundamental topic in the exploration of human mental life. Different approaches to conscience from physicalism and computationalism are portrayed; and the conception of conscience as a matter of attention and wakefulness is argued against. Finally, the need to regain the value of our subjective experience, in that it facilitates the understanding of problems of identity and of mystical phenomena that go beyond the limits of what an attentional approach to conscience can grasp.