RESUMEN
The discovery of new lead skeleton against melanoma are urgently needed due to its highly malignant and mortality. Herein, a new molecular entity (EU-5) derived from eudistomin U was synthesized with total yield of 46%, which displayed potent activity against malignant melanoma A375 cells (IC50 = 4.4 µM), no hemolytic toxicity and good physicochemical properties in silico. Colony formation and cell cycle arrest assays revealed that EU-5 suppressed cell proliferation by causing cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase. Wound healing and transwell assays suggested that EU-5 could effectively inhibit migration of A375 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Calcein-AM/PI staining, Annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis detection, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), reactive oxygen species (ROS), transcriptomics, quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction (qRTPCR), spectrometric titration and molecular docking assays indicated that EU-5 could activate p53 signaling pathway and trigger mitochondria-mediated cell apoptosis. Taken together, this study provided a promising lead structure for the design of a new generation of anti-melanoma drugs.
RESUMEN
Thirty-two new 3,9-disubstituted eudistomin U derivatives were designed and synthesized based on computer-aided drug discovery (CADD). Sixteen 3,9-disubstituted eudistomin U derivatives (6a-6p) have exhibited potent antibacterial activity. Specially, the most active compound 6p displayed better activity than commercial drugs fosfomycin sodium, ciprofloxacin and propineb, with a peak minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1.5625⯵mol/L. The antibacterial mechanism indicated that these compounds could exert bactericidal effect by damaging bacterial cell membrane and disrupting the function of DNA gyrase.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Carbolinas/farmacología , Diseño Asistido por Computadora , Descubrimiento de Drogas , Antibacterianos/síntesis química , Antibacterianos/química , Carbolinas/síntesis química , Carbolinas/química , Membrana Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Girasa de ADN/metabolismo , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Bacterias Gramnegativas/efectos de los fármacos , Bacterias Gramnegativas/enzimología , Bacterias Grampositivas/efectos de los fármacos , Bacterias Grampositivas/enzimología , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Estructura Molecular , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
Eudistomin U is a member of the ß-carboline class of heterocyclic amine-containing molecules that are capable of binding to DNA. The structure of eudistomin U is unique since it contains an indole ring at the 1-position of the pyridine ring. While simple ß-carbolines are reported to intercalate DNA, an examination of the mode of binding of eudistomin U has been lacking. We report preliminary spectroscopic (UV-Vis, thermal denaturation, CD) and calorimetric (DSC) data on the binding of eudistomin U to DNA, which suggest that eudistomin U binds weakly according to a mechanism that is more complicated than other members of its class.
Asunto(s)
Carbolinas/química , ADN/química , Rastreo Diferencial de Calorimetría , Dicroismo Circular , Espectrofotometría Ultravioleta , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
Eudistomin U is a member of a subclass of naturally occurring indole alkaloids known as ß-carbolines. These molecules are reported to have diverse biological activity and high binding affinity to DNA, which make them attractive targets for total synthesis. We describe an efficient, five-step synthesis of eudistomin U by employing two key reactions: a Bischler-Napieralski cyclization and a Suzuki cross coupling. We also describe the cytotoxicity of eudistomin U against various cancer cell lines and human pathogens, in which we observed potent antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria.