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The Asociación Española de Pancreatología (AESPANC), Asociación Española de Gastroenterología (AEG), and Sociedad Española de Patología Digestiva (SEPD) have developed a consensus document on the standards and recommendations they consider essential for the organization of pancreas units (PUs) within gastroenterology services (GSs) in order to conduct their activities in an efficient, high-quality manner. The consensus document defines PUs and lays down standards relating to their organization, structure, service portfolio, processes, and teaching and research activities. Standards have been categorized as mandatory (requirements to be met to qualify for certification by the scientific societies responsible for the standards) or recommendations. Standards should be updated at most within five years based on the experience gained in Spanish PUs and the advance of knowledge regarding pancreas disease. Development of health outcome indicators, including patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), is considered a relevant challenge, as is evidence on the association of PU structure and activity standards with health outcomes.

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The Research Ethics Committee (CEP) has become an essential mechanism for social control in Brazilian research involving human subjects, contributing to the development of studies guided by ethical standards and to the protection of research participants. This article analyzes the performance of CEP in Western Amazonian institution, its history, operating conditions, trends, and different aspects between 2018 to 2022. The theoretical framework addresses the history of research involving human subjects, the origins and evolution of bioethics in the international context, bioethics in Brazil, and regulations on the ethical analysis of research. The data were collected through the Brazil Platform and reports from the institution's CEP. The CEP evaluated 865 research protocols, most of which were from Health Sciences. Additionally, it was observed that during 2018 to 2022 the covid-19 pandemic had a negative impact on the number of projects submitted for evaluation to the CEP. The 57% drop in the number of projects registered during 2020/2022 reveals the negative impact of this event on the execution of projects with human participants.

El Comité de Ética en Investigación (CEP) se ha convertido en un mecanismo esencial para el control social en la investigación brasileña con seres humanos, contribuyendo al desarrollo de estudios guiados por normas éticas y a la protección de los participantes en la investigación. Este artículo analiza el desempeño del CEP en la institución amazónica occidental, su historia, condiciones de funcionamiento, tendencias y diferentes aspectos entre 2018 y 2022. El marco teórico aborda la historia de la investigación con seres humanos, los orígenes y la evolución de la bioética en el contexto internacional, la bioética en Brasil y la normativa sobre el análisis ético de la investigación. Los datos se recogieron a través de la Plataforma Brasil y de informes del CEP de la institución. El CEP evaluó 865 protocolos de investigación, la mayoría de los cuales eran de Ciencias de la Salud. Además, se observó que durante 2018 a 2022 la pandemia de covid-19 tuvo un impacto negativo en el número de proyectos presentados para evaluación al CEP. La caída del 57% en el número de proyectos registrados durante 2020/2022 revela el impacto negativo de este evento en la ejecución de proyectos con participantes humanos.

Os Comitês de Ética em Pesquisa (CEPs) tornaram-se um mecanismo essencial para o controle social em pesquisas brasileiras envolvendo sujeitos humanos, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento de estudos regido por padrões éticos e para a proteção de participantes de pesquisas. Esse artigo analisa o desempenho de CEP em instituição da Amazonia Ocidental, sua história, condições operativas, tendências e diferentes aspectos entre 2018 e 2022. O enquadre teórico visa a história da pesquisa envolvendo sujeitos humanos, as origens e evolução da bioética no contexto internacional, bioética no Brasil e regulamentos de análise ética de pesquisa. Os dados foram coletados através da Plataforma Brasil e relatórios do CEP da instituição. O CEP avaliou 865 protocolos de pesquisa, a maioria deles de Ciências da Saúde. Adicionalmente, foi observado que de 2018 a 2022 a pandemia da covid-19 teve um impacto negativo no número de projetos submetidos para avaliação do CEP. A queda de 57% no número de projetos registrados em 2020/2022 revela o impacto negativo desse evento na execução de projetos com participantes humanos.

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Comprehensive biopsychosocial care for people with gender incongruence (ICD 11) who are transgender (trans) or gender diverse is a complex process in which the quality of the medical transition can only be guaranteed after a multidisciplinary approach, through teams that integrate professionals with training and experience not only in medicine but also in diversity and gender identity. Based on this, the Gonad, Identity and Sexual Differentiation working group of the Spanish Society of Endocrinology and Nutrition (GT-GIDSEEN) has established minimum care requirements that aim to guarantee adequate health care for these people by professionals. A position paper has been produced and is available at https://www.seen.es/portal/documentos/estandares-calidad-gidseen-2024.

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In Spain, Quality Units play a key and unique role in advising healthcare centers on the methodology of healthcare quality. The objectives of the study were to develop computer algorithms to obtain a synthetic indicator of standard compliance for Quality Units and to pilot its functioning in these units. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Excel program was used to establish evaluation algorithms, and quantitatively interrelate and weight various categories of standards, as a computer evaluation tool, to build a continuous improvement cycle system, and offer a global synthetic indicator of compliance. The tool was tested in a prospective multicenter pilot study, in which coordinators of Quality Units from different health centers and care settings participated, to evaluate the usefulness of the tool and compliance with the standards, in addition to analyzing the content validity of each standard. RESULTS: The formulas for the structured computer algorithms were developed, consecutively, in a «PLAN-DO-CHECK-ACT¼ improvement cycle for the 9 categories of standards, resulting in a single synthetic indicator of compliance. Twenty-one Quality Units participated in the piloting. The overall average compliance rate for the synthetic indicator was 55.63% with differences between centers (P=.002) and between categories (P<.0001), but not by autonomous communities (P=.86) or by areas (P=.97). Content validity was ensured through the variable of «understanding¼ of the standards (P<.001), and through their «justification¼ with documentary evidence (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: The computer tool with the synthetic indicator have allowed for the evaluation of standard compliance in Quality Units of healthcare centers.

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Abstract This paper examines how variations in the height and health of Mexicans during the second half of the twentieth century reflect the evolution of economic inequality, as its effects have repercussions on the health and nutritional conditions of the population. The average height of Mexican adults had a modest increase with respect to the possibilities of human plasticity. These anthropometric variations were the result of the incorporation of advances in science and technology leading to improved standards of living among the population. Body changes were impacted by dietary habits, urbanization, and government policies supporting food production and distribution.

Resumen Este trabajo examina cómo las variaciones en la estatura y la salud de los mexicanos durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX son un reflejo de la evolución de la desigualdad económica pues sus efectos repercuten en las condiciones de salud y alimentación de la población. La estatura promedio de adultos mexicanos tuvo un aumento modesto con respecto a las posibilidades de la plasticidad humana. Estas variaciones antropométricas fueron resultado de la incorporación de avances en ciencia y tecnología conducentes a mejorar los niveles de vida de la población. Los cambios corporales fueron impactados por hábitos alimenticios, de urbanización y políticas gubernamentales de apoyo a la producción y distribución de alimentos.

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Introducción: la gastrosquisis congénita (GC) es una patología con creciente demanda asistencial. Atentos a esto, en el Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell (CHPR) se implementó un protocolo de cuidados llevado adelante por un equipo multidisciplinario. En este trabajo nos proponemos evaluar el impacto en la sobrevida y morbilidad a partir de su aplicación. Material y método: estudio comparativo tipo antes y después de pacientes portadores de GC (n = 47), 29 de una cohorte histórica (GH) y 18 de una cohorte posaplicación de protocolo (GP). Con edad gestacional ≥ 36 semanas y peso al nacer ≥ 2500 g, asistidos en el CHPR entre los años 2016 y 2021. Resultados: no se observaron diferencias perinatales entre ambos grupos, ni en la incidencia de GQ complicadas. En el GP se observó mayor incidencia de cierre abdominal precoz (p < 0,01), menor necesidad de realización de silo quirúrgico (p < 0,01), menor tiempo de administración de ventilación mecánica (p = 0,03), de uso total de opioides (p < 0,01), de administración de nutrición parenteral (p = 0,03), e inicio más temprano de la alimentación enteral (p = 0,03). Sin diferencias en la sobrevida al egreso hospitalario. Conclusiones: la aplicación de un protocolo estandarizado se asoció a una reducción significativa en el tiempo de cierre abdominal, de ventilación mecánica, nutrición parenteral y de opioides, con inicio más precoz de la nutrición enteral.

Introduction: congenital gastroschisis is an increasingly demanded pathology, therefore a care protocol was implemented at the Pereira Rossell Pediatric Hospital (CHPR), and it has been carried out by a multidisciplinary team. In this paper, we aim at assessing the morbidity and mortality impact of survival and morbidity of this application. Materials and Methods: comparative before and after study of a historical cohort (GH, n=29) versus a post-protocol application cohort (GP, n=18), in patients with a gestational age ≥36 weeks and birth weight ≥2500 grams assisted in CHPR between 2016-2021. Results: no perinatal differences were observed between both groups or in the incidence of complicated GQ. In the GP, a higher incidence of early abdominal closure was decreased (GH 3.4% vs GP 67%, p<0.01), less need to perform a surgical silo (GH 100% vs GP 33%, p<0.01 ), shorter mechanical ventilation administration time (GH 2 days vs GP 0.5 days, p=0.03), total use of opioids (GH 3.5 days vs GP 7 days, p<0.01) , of administration of parenteral nutrition (GH 24.5 days vs GP 20 days, p=0.03), and earlier start of enteral feeding (GH 11 days vs GP 7 days, p=0.03). No differences in survival after hospital discharge (93% vs 89%, p=0.63). Conclusions: the application of a standardized protocol was linked to a significant reduction in the time of abdominal closure, mechanical ventilation, parenteral nutrition, and opioids, with earlier initiation of enteral nutrition.

Introdução: a gastrosquise congênita (GC) é uma patologia com demanda crescente de atendimento e, porém, foi implementado um protocolo de atendimento por equipe multidisciplinar no Centro Hospitalar Pediátrico Pereira Rossell (CHPR). Neste trabalho propomos avaliar o impacto na mortalidade e morbidade depois de sua aplicação. Material e Métodos: estudo comparativo antes e depois de pacientes com CG (n=47), sendo 29 de uma coorte histórica (GH) e 18 de uma coorte pós-aplicação de protocolo (GP). Idade gestacional ≥ 36 semanas e peso ao nascer ≥ 2.500 gramas atendidos no CHPR entre os anos de 2016-2021. Resultados: não foram observadas diferenças perinatais entre os dois grupos ou na incidência de QG complicada. No GP observou-se maior incidência de fechamento abdominal precoce (p<0,01), menor necessidade de silos cirúrgicos (p<0,01), menor tempo de administração de ventilação mecânica (p=0,03) e uso total de opioides. (p<0,01), administração de nutrição parenteral (p=0,03) e início mais precoce da alimentação enteral (p=0,03). Não houve diferenças na sobrevivência até a alta hospitalar. Conclusões: a aplicação de protocolo padronizado foi associada à redução significativa do tempo de fechamento abdominal, ventilação mecânica, nutrição parenteral e opioides, com início mais precoce da nutrição enteral.

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Introdução:Os pais exercem um importante papel no estabelecimento dos hábitos saudáveis durante a infância.Aoprestarem cuidados bucais necessários às suas crianças, observa-se um significativo resultado na prevenção dos agravos.Objetivo:Identificaroconhecimento materno sobre os cuidados bucais das crianças na primeira infância. Metodologia:Trata-se de um estudo de natureza quantitativa do tipo exploratório e observacional. A coleta ocorreu através da aplicação de um questionário semiestruturado, com questões sobre o conhecimento materno em relação à higiene bucal, hábitos alimentares, acometimento de cárie e perfil socioeconômico. Realizou-se uma análise descritiva dos dados, seguida de análise bivariada pelo teste do Qui-quadrado de Pearson, considerando-se um nível de significância de 5%. Resultados:Sobre o conhecimento dos cuidados bucais dos filhos, o mesmo encontrou-se insatisfatório em relação à idade em que as crianças devem começar a escovar seus dentes sozinhas,quanto ao uso de escova e docreme dental fluoretado como método de higiene após a erupção do primeiro dente e quanto à inexistência do dente decíduo antes do nascimento dos molares permanentes. Observou-se conhecimento satisfatório em relação à importância de se realizar restauraçãoem dente decíduo acometido por cárie,à idade em que a criança troca os dentes decíduos pelos permanentes e, à realização de algum cuidado bucal (fralda e gaze) antes do nascimento do primeiro dente.Conclusões:Há uma lacuna quanto às orientações de saúde bucal providas pelos dentistasdirecionadas às mães. As mães/gestantes têm o conhecimento adequado sobre os cuidados bucais do bebê, porém, quanto aos cuidados após o nascimento do primeiro dente, os resultados foram desfavoráveis. Faz-se necessário a maior participação do cirurgião-dentista nas consultas de pré-natal e de crescimento e desenvolvimento praticando educaçãoem saúde (AU).

Introduction:Parents play an important role in establishing healthy habits during childhood. Providing necessary oral care to their children significantly contributes to preventing oral health issues.Objective: To verify maternal knowledge about children's oral care in early childhood.Methodology:Thisis a quantitative, exploratoryandobservationalstudy. Data werecollectedthroughtheapplicationof a semistructuredquestionnaire, withquestionsabout maternal knowledgeregarding oral hygiene, eatinghabits, caries involvementandsocioeconomic profile. A descriptivedata analysiswasperformed, followedby a bivariate analysis, usingPearson's chi-square test, considering a 5% significance level. Results:Regardingmothers' knowledge about their children's oral care, it was unsatisfactory in relation to the age at which children should start brushing their teeth by themselves; regarding the use of a toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste as hygiene methods, after the first tooth's eruption, and regarding the absence of the deciduous tooth before the permanent molars eruption. Satisfactory knowledge was observed regarding the importance of carrying out restoration in decayed deciduous teeth; the age at which children begin to change deciduous teeth for permanent ones and, carrying out some oral care (fabric and gauze) before the first tooth's eruption. Conclusions:There is a gap in the oral health guidelines provided by dentists, aimed to mothers. The mothers/pregnant women have sufficient knowledge about their baby's oral care, but considering the oral care after the first tooth eruption, the results were critical. It is necessary a greater participation of the dentist in prenatal and growth and development consultations, practicing Health Education (AU).

Introducción: Los padres ejercen un papel importante en el establecimiento de hábitos saludables durante la infancia. Al proporcionar el cuidado bucal necesario a sus hijos, se obtienen resultados importantes en la prevención de enfermedades. Objetivo: Identificar el conocimiento materno sobre el cuidado bucal de los niños en la primera infancia. Metodología:Se trata de un estudio cuantitativo de carácter exploratorio yobservacional. La colecta ocurrió mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario semiestructurado, con preguntas sobre conocimientos maternos sobre higiene bucal, hábitos alimentarios, caries y perfil socioeconómico. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de los datos, seguido de un análisis bivariado mediante la prueba Chi-cuadrado de Pearson, considerando un nivel de significancia del 5%. Resultados:En cuanto al conocimiento sobre el cuidado bucal de los niños, se encontró insatisfactorio en relación a la edad en la que los niños deben comenzar a cepillarse los dientes solos, en cuanto al uso de cepillos dentales y pasta dental fluorada como método de higiene después de la erupción del primer diente y la ausencia de un diente temporal antes del nacimiento de los molares permanentes. Se observó conocimiento satisfactorio sobre la importancia de restaurar un diente temporal afectado por caries, la edad en que el niño cambia los dientes temporales por permanentes y la provisión de algunos cuidados bucales (pañal y gasa) antes del nacimiento del primer diente. Conclusiones:Existe un vacío en la orientación sobre salud bucal proporcionada por los odontólogos dirigida a las madres. Las madres/gestantes tienen conocimientos adecuados sobre el cuidado bucal de su bebé, sin embargo, en relación a los cuidados después del nacimiento del primer diente los resultados fueron desfavorables. Es necesaria una mayor participación del odontólogo en las consultas prenatales y de crecimiento y desarrollo, practicando la educación para la salud (AU).

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El proceso de investigación biomédica debe seguir unos criterios de calidad en su diseño y elaboración que garanticen que los resultados son creíbles y fiables. Una vez finalizado, llega el momento de escribir un artículo para su publicación. Este debe presentar con suficiente detalle, y de forma clara y transparente, toda la información del trabajo de investigación realizado. De esta forma, los lectores, tras una lectura crítica de lo publicado, podrán juzgar la validez y la relevancia del estudio, y si lo consideran, utilizar los hallazgos. Con el objetivo de mejorar la descripción del proceso de investigación para su publicación, se han desarrollado una serie de guías que, de forma sencilla y estructurada, orientan a los autores a la hora de elaborar un manuscrito. Se presentan en forma de lista, diagrama de flujo, o texto estructurado, y son una ayuda inestimable a la hora de escribir un artículo. Este artículo presenta las guías de elaboración de manuscritos de los diseños más habituales, con sus listas de verificación.(AU)

The biomedical research process must follow certain quality criteria in its design and development to ensure that the results are credible and reliable. Once completed, the time comes to write an article for publication. The article must present in sufficient detail, and in a clear and transparent manner, all the information on the research work that has been carried out. In this way, readers, after a critical reading of the published content, will be able to judge the validity and relevance of the study and, if they so wish, make use of the findings. In order to improve the description of the research process for publication, a series of guidelines have been developed which, in a simple and structured way, guide authors in the preparation of a manuscript. They are presented in the form of a list, flowchart, or structured text, and are an invaluable aid when writing an article. This article presents the reporting guidelines for the most common designs along with the corresponding checklists.(AU)

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The biomedical research process must follow certain quality criteria in its design and development to ensure that the results are credible and reliable. Once completed, the time comes to write an article for publication. The article must present in sufficient detail, and in a clear and transparent manner, all the information on the research work that has been carried out. In this way, readers, after a critical reading of the published content, will be able to judge the validity and relevance of the study and, if they so wish, make use of the findings. In order to improve the description of the research process for publication, a series of guidelines have been developed which, in a simple and structured way, guide authors in the preparation of a manuscript. They are presented in the form of a list, flowchart, or structured text, and are an invaluable aid when writing an article. This article presents the reporting guidelines for the most common designs along with the corresponding checklists.

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OBJECTIVE: In Spain, the Quality Units advise health centres, services and professionals on the methodology of continuous improvement of the quality of care. A system based on good practice standards could provide these units with a tool to improve their results and value their work. The objective was to develop, agree on and validate standards, to properly guide and orient the functions, results and continuous improvement of the Quality Units in health centers. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A qualitative-quantitative, prospective and cross-sectional study was carried out, applying the Metaplan method, the e-Delphi technique and a simulation study. The participants were coordinators of these units, belonging to 14 Spanish Autonomous Communities and distributed in four experts' panels. They agreed on the standards to be used and evaluated the different types of validity. RESULTS: The 204 standards proposed by the scientific committee were reduced to 157 with Metaplan, to 110 with e-Delphi, and to 96 with the committee's final review (87.3% consensus, content validity). The construct validity showed a Cronbach's alpha >0.7 (P<.001); the validity of content was reaffirmed in the simulation workshop (80% "understood" each other, P<.001; and there was "documentary evidence" in 84%, P<.001); face validity was accepted (75% "related to quality dimensions", P<.001); and the validity of the criteria was verified with a sensitivity of 84.2%, a specificity of 98.3%, and a kappa index of 0.84. CONCLUSIONS: Valid standards have been developed for Quality Units in health centers.

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La telerradiología es la trasmisión electrónica de imágenes radiológicas de una localización a otra con el propósito principal de interpretar o consultar un diagnóstico y debe estar sujeta a códigos de conducta consensuados por sociedades profesionales. Se analiza el contenido de 14 guías de buenas prácticas de telerradiología. Sus principios rectores son: el mejor interés y beneficio del paciente, estándares de calidad y seguridad homologables al servicio de radiología local, y utilización como complemento y apoyo del mismo. Como obligaciones legales: garantizar los derechos aplicando el principio de país de origen del paciente, establecer requisitos en telerradiología internacional y seguro de responsabilidad civil. Con respecto al proceso radiológico: integración con el proceso del servicio local, garantizar la calidad de imágenes e informes, el acceso a los estudios e informes previos y cumplir los principios de radioprotección. En relación con los requisitos profesionales: cumplir con los registros, licencias y cualificaciones exigidas, formación y capacitación del radiólogo y técnico, prevención de prácticas fraudulentas, respeto a las normas laborales y remuneración del radiólogo. La subcontratación debe estar justificada, gestionando el riesgo de comoditización. Cumplimiento de estándares técnicos del sistema (AU)

Teleradiology is the electronic transmission of radiological images from one location to another with the main purpose of interpreting or consulting a diagnosis and must be subject to codes of conduct agreed upon by professional societies. The content of fourteen teleradiology best practice guidelines is analyzed. Their guiding principles are: the best interest and benefit of the patient, quality and safety standards homologous to the local radiology service, and use as a complement and support of the same. As legal obligations: guaranteeing rights by applying the principle of the patient's country of origin, establishing requirements in international teleradiology and civil liability insurance. Regarding the radiological process: integration with the local service process, guaranteeing the quality of images and reports, access to previous studies and reports and complying with the principles of radioprotection. Regarding professional requirements: compliance with the required registrations, licenses and qualifications, training and qualification of the radiologist and technician, prevention of fraudulent practices, respect for labor standards and remuneration of the radiologist. Subcontracting must be justified, managing the risk of commoditization. Compliance with the system's technical standards (AU)

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Teleradiology is the electronic transmission of radiological images from one location to another with the main purpose of interpreting or consulting a diagnosis and must be subject to codes of conduct agreed upon by professional societies. The content of fourteen teleradiology best practice guidelines is analyzed. Their guiding principles are: the best interest and benefit of the patient, quality and safety standards homologous to the local radiology service, and use as a complement and support of the same. As legal obligations: guaranteeing rights by applying the principle of the patient's country of origin, establishing requirements in international teleradiology and civil liability insurance. Regarding the radiological process: integration with the local service process, guaranteeing the quality of images and reports, access to previous studies and reports and complying with the principles of radioprotection. Regarding professional requirements: compliance with the required registrations, licenses and qualifications, training and qualification of the radiologist and technician, prevention of fraudulent practices, respect for labor standards and remuneration of the radiologist. Subcontracting must be justified, managing the risk of commoditization. Compliance with the system's technical standards.

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El presente estudio busca conocer cómo se experimenta el afrontamiento psicosocial en partidos internacionales en jugadoras de voleibol profesional de la selección peruana. Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa con diseño fenomenológico-hermenéutico. Se realizaron doce entrevistas semiestructuradas a jugadoras profesionales de voleibol pertenecientes a la selección femenina peruana en la categoría mayores. A partir del análisis se identificaron tres categorías, nueve subcategorías y siete códigos, que conforman las 189 unidades de análisis. Los resultados mostraron que las principales estrategias deafrontamiento utilizadas por las deportistas son el análisis lógico personal y del equipo contrario, el uso del esfuerzo, la búsqueda de apoyo profesional y las imágenes mentales. Se concluye que las jugadoras profesionales de voleibol en Perú utilizan principalmente el afrontamiento orientado a la tarea, realizando actividades que les permiten sentirse capaces y que desempeñan un papel esencial en la toma de decisiones durante las competiciones. (AU)

The present study seeks to know how psychosocial coping are experienced at international matches in professional volleyball players of the Peruvian national team. A qualitative methodology with phenomenological-hermeneutic design was used. Twelve semi-structured interviews were conducted with professional volleyball players belonging to the Peruvian women's team in the senior category. From the analysis, three categories, nine subcategories and seven codes were identified, which comprise the 189 units of analysis. The results showed that the main coping strategies used by the athletes are personal logical analysis and the analysis of the opposing team, the use of effort, the search for professional support and mental imagery. It is concluded that professional volleyball players in Peru mainly use task-oriented coping, carried out activities that allow them to feel capable and play an essential role in decision-making during competitions. (AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer como é enfrentamento psicossocial se experimenta em partidas internacionais em jogadores profissionais de voleibol da seleção peruana. Para isso, foi realizada uma investigação qualitativa e seguindo o desenho da fenomenologia hermenêutica. Foram realizadas 12 entrevistas semiestruturadas com jogadoras profissionais de voleibol pertencentes à seleção feminina do Peru na categoria sênior. A partir da análise, foram identificadas três categorias, nove subcategorias e sete códigos, que compõem as 189 unidades de análise. Os resultados mostraram que as principais estratégias de enfrentamento utilizadas pelos atletas são a análise lógica pessoal e da equipe adversária, o uso de esforço, a busca de suporte profissional e a imagética mental. Conclui-se que os jogadores profissionais de voleibol do Peru utilizam principalmente estratégias de enfrentamento orientadas para a tarefa, realizam atividades que os permitem sentir-se capazes e desempenham um papel essencial na tomada de decisões durante as competições. (AU)

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The prevention science has endorsed standards for evidence related to research on programme evaluation. However, some controversies persist regarding its application in the provision of family support under the European Positive Parenting initiative. This Special Issue aims to map the expansion of preventive family support programmes in Spain and to contrast the quality of the evidence against the prevention standards according with the European Family Support Network. Members of the Spanish Family Support Network made up of entities in several sectors identified 57 programmes implemented in Spain and filled in a formative evaluation sheet for each programme. The articles in this issue analysed the results of four main aspects in all programmes: description, implementation, evaluation, and impact/sustainability. The findings will inform the scope and variety of support provided and the quality of programmes in Spain, providing guidelines for improvement and addressing challenges to reinforce quality assurance in child and family services.(AU)

La ciencia de la prevención avala los estándares de evidencia relativos a la investigación en evaluación de programas. Sin embargo, hay aún controversia en cuanto a su aplicación a la prestación de apoyo familiar bajo la iniciativa europea de la parentalidad positiva. El número especial tiene por objeto mapear la extensión de los programas preventivos de apoyo familiar en España y comparar la calidad de las pruebas con los estándares de prevención de la Red Europea de Apoyo Familiar. Los miembros de la Red Española de Apoyo Familiar, formada por entidades de varios sectores, han identificado 57 programas que se utilizan en España y cumplimentado una ficha de evaluación formativa para cada programa. Los artículos de este número analizan los resultados de cuatro aspectos principales de todos los programas: descripción, implementación, evaluación e impacto/sostenibilidad. Los resultados describen el panorama y variedad del apoyo brindado y la calidad de los programas en España, proporcionando orientación sobre mejora y abordando los desafíos para reforzar la garantía de calidad en los servicios para la infancia, adolescencia y familias.(AU)

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Since the well-known publication of the Society for Prevention Research about standards for evidence related to research on prevention interventions, a rigorous evaluation is considered one of the main requirements for evidence-based programmes. Despite their importance, many programmes do not include evaluation designs that meet the most widely agreed quality standards. The aim of this study was to examine the evaluation processes of fifty-seven Spanish programmes identified in the context of the COST European Family Support Network. The obtained results provide a fairly positive picture of the quality of programme evaluation standards, although more designs that include a control group, follow-up evaluations assessing long-term effects, and the evaluation of child and indirect outcomes are needed. The results are discussed from a comprehensive and plural perspective of evaluation which, in addition to methodological rigor, considers the usefulness, feasibility, and ethical rigor of evaluation research.(AU)

A partir de las propuestas de la Society for Prevention Research sobre los estándares de evidencia necesarios para las intervenciones preventivas, contar con una evaluación rigurosa se considera como uno de los principales requisitos de los programas basados en la evidencia. A pesar de su importancia, muchos programas de apoyo familiar no cuentan con diseños de evaluación que cumplan con los estándares de calidad más consensuados. El objetivo de este artículo fue analizar los procesos de evaluación de cincuenta y siete programas españoles identificados en el marco del proyecto COST European Family Support Network. Los resultados obtenidos muestran una imagen bastante positiva de los estándares de calidad que caracterizan la evaluación de los programas, aunque es necesario ampliar el número de diseños que incluyan grupos de comparación, que contemplen medidas de los efectos en el bienestar infantil y que lleven a cabo evaluaciones de seguimiento para medir los efectos a largo plazo de las intervenciones. Se analizan los resultados desde un enfoque plural de la evaluación, que además del rigor metodológico considera la necesidad de tener en cuenta la utilidad, la viabilidad y el rigor ético de las investigaciones de evaluación.(AU)

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Background: Validity is a core topic in educational and psychological assessment. Although there are many available resources describing the concept of validity, sources of validity evidence, and suggestions about how to obtain validity evidence; there is little guidance providing specific instructions for planning and carrying out validation studies. Method: In this paper we describe (a) the fundamental principles underlying test validity, (b) the process of validation, and (c) practical guidance for practitioners to plan and carry out sufficient validity research to support the use of a test for its intended purposes. Results: We first define validity, describe sources of validity evidence, and provide examples where each of these sources are addressed. Then, we describe a validation agenda describing steps and tasks for planning and developing validation studies. Conclusions: Finally, we discuss the importance of addressing validation studies from a comprehensive approach.(AU)

Antecedentes: La validez es un tema central en la evaluación psicológica y educativa. A pesar de que la literature disponible recoge numerosos recursos en los que se describe el concepto de validez, las fuentes de evidencia y se aportan sugerencias sobre cómo obtener evidencias de validez, apenas existen guías que proporcionen instrucciones específicas para planificar y desarrollar estudios de validación. Método: El presente artículo describe (a) los principios fundamentales en los que se sustenta la validez de los test, (b) el proceso de validación, y (c) una guía práctica para planificar y recoger evidencias de validez que apoyen el uso de un test para alcanzar el objetivo previsto. Resultados: En primer lugar, se describe el concepto de validez y las fuentes de evidencia, aportando ejemplos específicos donde se abordan cada una de ellas. A continuación, se describe una agenda de validación en la que se enumeran los pasos y tareas necesarios para planificar y completar un estudio de validación. Conclusiones: Finalmente, se discute la relevancia de adoptar una aproximación comprehensiva al abordar estudios de validación.(AU)

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La fibrosis quística ha entrado en la era de la terapia específica con los moduladores, útiles en variantes genéticas definidas por estudio molecular, con resultados clínicos exitosos. Este es un resumen de la publicación reciente de la Sociedad Respiratoria Europea que establece los estándares de cuidado para los pacientes que reciben este tratamiento.

Cystic fibrosis has entered the era of specific therapy called modulators, useful in genetic variants defined by molecular study, with successful clinical results. This is a summary of the recent publication of the European Respiratory Society that establishes the standards of care for patients receiving this treatment.

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Objetivo Conocer el grado de implantación de las prácticas seguras con los medicamentos en los Servicios de Medicina Intensiva e identificar oportunidades de mejora. Diseño Estudio descriptivo multicéntrico. Ámbito Servicios de Medicina Intensiva. Participantes/procedimiento Cuarenta Servicios de Medicina Intensiva que voluntariamente cumplimentaron el «Cuestionario de autoevaluación de la seguridad del uso de los medicamentos en los Servicios de Medicina Intensiva» entre marzo y septiembre del 2020. El cuestionario contiene 147 ítems de evaluación agrupados en 10 elementos clave. Variables principales de interés Puntuación media y porcentaje medio sobre el valor máximo posible en el cuestionario completo, en los elementos clave y en los ítems de evaluación. Resultados La puntuación media del cuestionario completo en los Servicios de Medicina Intensiva fue de 436,8 (49,2% del valor máximo posible). No se encontraron diferencias según dependencia funcional, tamaño del hospital y tipo de servicio. Los elementos clave referentes a la incorporación de farmacéuticos en estos servicios, así como a la competencia y la formación de los profesionales en prácticas de seguridad, mostraron los valores más bajos (31,2% y 33,2%, respectivamente). Otros tres elementos clave relativos a la accesibilidad a la información sobre los pacientes y los medicamentos; a la estandarización, el almacenamiento y la distribución de los medicamentos, y a los programas de calidad y gestión de riesgos mostraron porcentajes inferiores al 50%. Conclusiones Se han identificado numerosas prácticas seguras efectivas cuyo grado de implantación en los Servicios de Medicina Intensiva es bajo y que es preciso abordar para reducir los errores de medicación en el paciente crítico (AU)

Objective To assess the level of implementation of medication safety practices in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) and to identify opportunities for improvement. Design A descriptive multicenter study was carried out. Setting Intensive Care Units. Participants/procedure A total of 40 ICUs voluntarily completed the “Medication use-system safety self-assessment for Intensive Care Units” between March and September 2020. The survey comprised 147 items for evaluation grouped into 10 key elements. Main variables Calculation was made of the mean scores and mean percentages based on the maximum possible values for the overall survey, for the key elements and for each individual item for evaluation. Results The mean score of the overall questionnaire among the participating ICUs was 436.8 (49.2% of the maximum possible score). No differences were found according to functional dependence, size of the hospital or type of ICU. The key elements referred to the incorporation of clinical pharmacists in these units, as well as the competence and training of the professionals in safety practices yielded the lowest values (31.2% and 33.2%, respectively). Three other key elements related to accessibility to information about patients and medicines; to the standardization, storage and distribution of medicines; and to the quality and risk management programs, yielded percentages below 50%. Conclusions Numerous effective safety medication practices have been identified with a low level of implementation in ICUs. This situation must be addressed in order to reduce medication errors in critically ill patients (AU)

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OBJECTIVES: To describe and characterise the use of mechanical restraint (MR) in critical care units (CCU) in terms of frequency and quality of application and to study its relationship with pain/agitation-sedation/delirium, nurse:patient ratio and institutional involvement. METHOD: Multicentre observational study conducted in 17 CCUs between February and May 2016. The observation time per CCU was 96 h. The main variables were the prevalence of restraint, the degree of adherence to MR recommendations, pain/agitation-sedation/delirium monitoring and institutional involvement (protocols and training of professionals). RESULTS: A total of 1070 patients were included. The overall prevalence of restraint was 19.11%, in patients with endotracheal tube (ETT) 42.10% and in patients without ETT or artificial airway it was 13.92%. Adherence rates between 0% and 40% were obtained for recommendations related to non-pharmacological management and between 0% and 100% for those related to monitoring of ethical-legal aspects. The lower prevalence of restraint was correlated with adequate pain monitoring in non-communicative patients (P < .001) and with the provision of training for professionals (P = .020). An inverse correlation was found between the quality of the use of MR and its prevalence, both in the general group of patients admitted to CCU (r = -.431) and in the subgroup of patients with ETT (r = -.521). CONCLUSIONS: Restraint is especially frequently used in patients with ETT/artificial airway, but is also used in other patients who may not meet the use profile. There is wide room for improvement in non-pharmacological alternatives to the use of MC, ethical and legal vigilance, and institutional involvement. Better interpretation of patient behaviour with validated tools may help limit use of MR.

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Se presentan los resultados de la valoración de las/os profesionales del Programa de tratamiento a familias con menores en situación de riesgo o desprotección en Andalucía a partir de la información de las/os 479 profesionales que componen los 147 Equipos de Tratamiento Familiar. Se analizó la fidelidad al programa, algunas dimensiones actitudinales relacionadas con esta (motivación, percepción de utilidad y eficacia, satisfacción con el equipo de trabajo) y la relación de dichas variables con los años de experiencia y el perfil profesional. Además, se examinaron las propuestas de cambio dirigidas a mejorar el programa. Se combinó el análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo de la información a partir de un cuestionario con preguntas abiertas y cerradas. Los resultados evidenciaron una valoración positiva del programa por parte de las/os profesionales, tanto en términos generales como atendiendo a distintas dimensiones específicas. Además, la voz de las/os profesionales puso de manifiesto aspectos, tanto internos como externos al programa, susceptibles de mejora. Entre los aspectos internos destacó la modificación del manual del programa, la temporalización, la revisión de los perfiles profesionales y la formación continua. A nivel externo, señalaron la necesidad de mejorar los canales de coordinación y comunicación, y los procesos de supervisión (AU)

This study covers the implementation analysis of the Programme for Families involved in the Andalusian Child Welfare System from the perspective of a sample of 479 front-line practitioners from 147 family treatment services. Firstly, the fidelity to the programme, some related attitudinal variables (motivation, perception of utility and effectiveness, satisfaction with the teamwork), as well as the relationship of these variables with both practitioners’ experience and professional profile were analysed. Secondly, proposals for change suggested by the practitioners in order to improve the functioning of the programme were described. A combination of qualitative and quantitative analyses of the information from a questionnaire that included both open- and closed-ended questions was followed. The results showed that practitioners positively rated the programme, both in general terms and in specific implementation variables. They also highlighted several aspects that could be improved, including both program-related aspects included (as the modification of the program manual, the timing, the professional profiles and an ongoing training) and other aspects external to the program (as the need to improve and facilitate coordination and communication channels, and supervision processes). (AU)

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