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Newly established enterprises in China face significant challenges and opportunities, with persistently high mortality rates. Navigating market challenges and establishing sustainable competitive advantages are pressing issues for contemporary businesses. This study delves into the bridging role of business model innovation between entrepreneurial bricolage and entrepreneurial performance, with market orientation influencing the relationship boundaries. We examined 288 Chinese small and medium-sized enterprises, investigating the relationships among entrepreneurial bricolage, business model innovation, market orientation, and entrepreneurial performance. Empirical results indicate: (1) Entrepreneurial bricolage positively influences business model innovation, and business model innovation positively impacts entrepreneurial performance. (2) Business model innovation plays a fully mediating positive role between entrepreneurial bricolage and entrepreneurial performance. (3) Market orientation positively moderates the impact of entrepreneurial bricolage on business model innovation and entrepreneurial performance, and it also positively moderates the impact of business model innovation on entrepreneurial performance. (4) Market orientation positively moderates the impact of entrepreneurial bricolage, mediated by business model innovation, on entrepreneurial performance. The study results contribute to a more effective understanding of the mechanisms through which entrepreneurial bricolage and business model innovation influence entrepreneurial performance, as well as how market orientation moderates their relationships and how enterprises sustain competitive advantages.
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Substantial intellectual property management (IPM) is vital in retaining competitive advantage and managing outbound open innovation (OI), which may enhance an organization's commercialization and entrepreneurial performance. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop an understanding of the impact of intellectual property protection on the development of the digital economy, regional entrepreneurial activity, and explore how IPM can enhance the entrepreneurial performance (EP) through open innovation (OI) and commercialization performance (CP) in the context of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Mainland China. Our study also shows how open innovation model constraints (OIMC) and information communication technology (ICT) enhance the performance. Using the organizational performance theory, we developed our research framework and collected usable data from 530 respondents from the management of SMEs in Mainland China. Data analyses were performed using SPSS, and structural equation modeling was performed using Amos 24 to test the hypothesis. Our results highlighted the significant effect of IPM on OI, CP, and EP. This study suggests various conclusions, stressing the mediating function of CP in improving EP and the direct and indirect effects of OI and CP on EP. This study also emphasizes that business managers need to ensure collaboration among SMEs since it is the best strategy to use each other's resources, including OI ideas, to improve the EP, and it should be done utilizing ICT.
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This study aims to alleviate the current tense employment situation and study the entrepreneurial situation of teachers and students in colleges and universities. Firstly, based on the educational concept of Science Technology Engineering Arts Mathematics (STEAM), Ideological and Political Education (IPE) is added to psychological capital to explore the effect of the combination of the two on entrepreneurial performance. An entrepreneurial performance impact model is constructed, and the questionnaire is set. Secondly, the influence of psychological capital combined with IPE on sports morality is explored, and a sports morality questionnaire is designed. Finally, the questionnaire results are analyzed. The results showed that most of the participants in the survey are under the age of 25. The 25- to 29-year-olds are the smallest among those surveyed. The respondents who participated in the survey had the most undergraduate degrees, accounting for 43.4%. The 40 items on entrepreneurial performance this time obey a normal distribution, and the scale has good reliability and validity. The main factor analysis results obtained by principal component analysis include 6 factors. Their total explanatory power exceeds 67%, and the six factors screened out this time are well represented. The model tolerance is between 0.45 and 0.5, and the Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) value is less than 10. The scale does not suffer from multi-collinearity issues. IPE significantly strengthens the effect of psychological capital on entrepreneurial performance. The influences of various sports on sportsmanship, bravery, self-confidence, and self-transcendence are significantly different, and the P value is less than 0.001. The difference in aggressiveness is less than 0.01, indicating that it is very significant. Different sports have significant differences in the cultivation of sports morality, and the P value is less than 0.05. The differences in self-discipline are also significant, and there are extremely significant differences in compliance with rules, and the P value here is less than 0.001. There are no significant differences in sporting qualities. IPE combined with psychological capital has a significant impact on entrepreneurial performance. These contents provide references for the entrepreneurship education of teachers and students in colleges and universities. The contribution lies in expanding the research on psychological capital in entrepreneurial performance and laying a foundation for the combination of psychological capital and IPE.
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This study explores the manifestation of Buddhism's conception in underlying entrepreneurial performance. The study is a qualitative research approach with a development direction that comes from successful Buddhist small business entrepreneurs in Bekasi, Indonesia. The interpretive paradigm is used to interpret social life in the reality of successful Buddhist small business entrepreneurs on entrepreneurial performance. Data collection using in-depth interviews with Buddhist small business entrepreneurs in an open-ended format. Data analysis was done in many stages, including domain analysis, taxonomy analysis, component analysis, and theme analysis. The findings indicate that religion acts as an institution that legitimizes the formation of entrepreneurial performance. The performance of Buddhist small business entrepreneurs is manifest in their management of economic or material achievements, and their religious observance in a broad socio-economic context in the relationship of three aspects of human life, namely the individual, social, and environmental, as a form of entrepreneurial practice based on Buddhist values. This research reveals the embodiment of social responsibility for small business Buddhist entrepreneurs which is reflected in entrepreneurial performance through the manifestation of religious values. The findings provide theoretical relevance in institutional theory.
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Improving the performance and success rate of college students' new ventures has attracted increasing attention globally. In this study, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 1500 college students who were directly involved in entrepreneurial activities in 23 provinces in China. The study explores the effects of team management and risk prevention abilities on college students' entrepreneurial performance. The results show that risk prevention ability significantly increases university students' entrepreneurial performance (e.g., profit and loss status, capital flow, and staff flow). Team management ability enhances these entrepreneurial indicators to varying degrees, with a "threshold" effect of its impact on entrepreneurial performance. With a continued increase in team management ability, the effect of risk prevention ability on entrepreneurial performance becomes increasingly more significant. Specifically, when team management ability reaches a medium level and above, risk prevention ability significantly improves capital flow and staff stability; and when team management ability reaches a high level, risk prevention ability significantly improves enterprise profitability indicators.
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To enable that the new generation of entrepreneurs can effectively use their own qualities and abilities to improve the level of entrepreneurial performance, and to successfully pass through the entrepreneurial period of the enterprise and achieve longer-term development, the new generation of entrepreneurs is taken as the research object, and firstly, the definition and interaction of psychological capital and entrepreneurial performance are pointed out. Secondly, the questionnaires are designed with reference to the relevant maturity scales, and the reliability, validity analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis of the collected effective questionnaires are carried out through SPSS and AMOS software. Thirdly, on this basis, it verifies the influence of psychological capital of the new generation entrepreneurs on entrepreneurial performance and the moderating effect of entrepreneurial environment perception. The results show that there is a significant positive correlation between the dimensions of psychological capital and entrepreneurial performance. Gender, age, educational background, marital status, the establishment time of enterprises, and the number of employees all have a significant impact on the psychological capital of the new generation of entrepreneurs. Among them, the psychological capital of the new generation of entrepreneurs aged 31-35 is the best, followed by aged 26-30, 21-25, and the worst is 20 years old and below, which is logical. The correlation coefficient between psychological capital and entrepreneurial performance, social capital and entrepreneurial performance shows a significant positive correlation. The research on the relationship between psychological capital, social capital, and entrepreneurial performance of new generation entrepreneurs systematically explains why some enterprises created by the new generation of entrepreneurs can achieve rapid growth and deepen the research in related fields.
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The aim of this study was to improve the entrepreneurial performance (EP) and sports morality of college teacher-and-student entrepreneurs (i.e., college entrepreneurs). Consequently, psychological capital (PsyCap) is creatively combined with social and political education (SPE) to explore college entrepreneurs' EP and sports morality. First, following a theoretical model implementation, this article proposes several hypotheses. Then, a questionnaire survey (QS) was designed, and the data were analyzed. The results show that (1) gender has little impact on EP and sports morality; (2) PsyCap significantly affects the EP of college entrepreneurs at the age of 33-38 years; (3) in terms of educational background, average scores of PsyCap + SPE of bachelors are the highest, followed by masters or above, and finally, the college undergraduate; (4) the average score of PsyCap + SPE of married respondents is 4.0, while that of the unmarried is 3.7; (5) there is a significant difference between college entrepreneurs' EP under the dimension of the basic enterprise situation; and (6) the average score of the length of entrepreneurship is 9.87, which has the most significant impact on the EP and sports morality, and the significance of sports morality is 0.04. Among them, the most significant impact on EP and sports morality is weekly sports participation, with a score of 9.67. Therefore, PsyCap + SPE plays a positive role in the EP of college entrepreneurs. In contrast, sports morality has little impact on EP. This study provides a reference for the research on the influence of entrepreneurship and sports morality of college entrepreneurs.
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College students have gradually become the main force of entrepreneurship in mass entrepreneurship and innovation. However, their entrepreneurial performance was not as good as expected. We have carried out research to analyze the predictive factors of entrepreneurial performance of college students and put forward targeted suggestions, hoping to be helpful to improve their entrepreneurial performance of them. Based on questionnaire data obtained from 2,097 college student entrepreneurs, this study uses the structural equation model to analyze the predictive factors of the entrepreneurial performance of college students. The survey results of the questionnaire show that both personal and behavioral factors influence the entrepreneurial performance of college students. In this study, personal factors in this study mainly include entrepreneurial willingness, personality, and ability of entrepreneurs. Behavioral factors mainly refer to the positive behaviors of entrepreneurs that can affect entrepreneurial performance.
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This study provides a cross-lagged examination of the relationships between proactive vitality management, work-home enrichment, and entrepreneurial performance. Specifically, based on the Job Demands-Resources and Conservation of Resources theories, we postulate a mediation model where proactive vitality management leads to entrepreneurs transferring resources developed in their work role to thrive in their home role (i.e., work-home enrichment), resulting in augmented entrepreneurial performance. The hypotheses were tested with data collected at two time points, 1 onth apart-T1 (N = 277) and T2 (N = 249), from Romanian entrepreneurs. We analyzed autoregressive, causal, reversed, and reciprocal models to test the mediation model. In the linkage between predictor and outcome variable, the reversed model is the best-fitting model, showing that proactive vitality management is only a distal precursor of performance. However, the best-fitting models for the relationship between predictor and mediator and between mediator and outcome were the reciprocal models. Thus, proactive vitality management and work-home enrichment have reciprocal effects on each other over time, as was the case between work-home enrichment and entrepreneurial performance. These results are in line with the resource gain cycle perspective of the Conservation of Resources theory. Employing proactive behaviors to optimize functioning at work enables the transfer of resources to the home role. Potentiating one role through aspects of another will thus generate additional resources reflecting on entrepreneurial performance. Hence, this study provides insights into precursors and mechanisms that can shape entrepreneurial performance.
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The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of entrepreneurial leadership on entrepreneurial performance in start-ups. Specifically, a moderated serial mediation model was developed to investigate the mediating role of tacit knowledge sharing and job embeddedness and the moderating effect of career growth opportunities. Data was collected from 376 start-up employees via an online survey platform. Using hierarchical multiple regression and Hayes' PROCESS Macro by SPSS 21.0, and structural equation modeling by AMOS 23.0, support was found for both mediation and moderation effects. Results showed that entrepreneurial leadership significantly positively affects entrepreneurial performance by mediating with tacit knowledge sharing and job embeddedness. Moreover, career growth opportunities moderate the serial mediating effect of tacit knowledge sharing and job embeddedness between entrepreneurial leadership and entrepreneurial performance. This study provides theoretical guidance for entrepreneurial leadership to improve entrepreneurial performance.
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A strong inclination toward an important or preferred activity is a critical factor that drives individual to engage in corresponding activities. This study focuses on how entrepreneurs, influenced by obsessive passion, are motivated to put great effort into taking advantage of business opportunities and accomplishing entrepreneurial goals. By using SPSS and AMOS tools to analyze the multi-source questionnaire of 208 entrepreneurs, the research results show that obsessive passion can promote entrepreneurial performance and opportunity recognition plays a mediating role. In addition, endogenous and exogenous fear of failure play different moderating roles in the effect of obsessive passion on opportunity recognition. The research conclusion deepens the theoretical understanding of entrepreneurial passion, opportunity recognition, and fear of failure at a more subtle level.
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This study explains how start-ups obtain a high accumulated performance by aligning and employing an integration between opportunities and resources (IOR) in a dynamic environment and whether these potential benefits are associated with interpersonal emotion regulation. Using 274 enterprise samples, the findings confirm that an IOR has a significant positive effect on entrepreneurial performance. In addition, positive emotion and interpersonal relationship regulation positively moderate the relationship between IOR and entrepreneurial performance. This paper proposes a new concept of the IOR and measures it for the first time. Then, the relationship was explored between the IOR, interpersonal emotion regulation, and entrepreneurial performance. This research not only systematically integrates opportunities and resources and avoids their separation but also helps to reveal the context of entrepreneurship research, enrich entrepreneurship theory, and expand the boundaries.
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The COVID-19 pandemic severely hit small and micro-businesses. In the face of the impact of the pandemic, how to help entrepreneurs, especially small- and micro-businesses that are more sensitive to the impact of the pandemic, make decisions to reduce losses has become an issue worth paying attention to. From the perspective of personality approach, this article studied openness, which is the strongest predictor of entrepreneurial performance among the big five personality traits, and explored the impact of entrepreneurs' openness on entrepreneurial performance during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the inconsistent mediating role of strategic decision comprehensiveness on entrepreneurial performance. An online questionnaire survey was conducted among 238 entrepreneurs of small- and micro-businesses when China was recovering from the pandemic and starting to resume work and production (February 18 - February 26, 2020). Entrepreneurial performance during the COVID-19 pandemic was measured by comparing the business conditions before and after the pandemic. The results showed that entrepreneurs' openness positively impacted strategic decision comprehensiveness and entrepreneurial performance during the COVID-19 pandemic. Among the two competing hypotheses proposed by summarizing previous research, the results supported that strategic decision comprehensiveness negatively affected entrepreneurial performance. It indicated that entrepreneurs who tend to collect and analyze information extensively and then make decisions during the pandemic could not seize opportunities and improve their entrepreneurial performance. The results further supported that strategic decision comprehensiveness was an inconsistent mediator between openness and entrepreneurial performance, showing that entrepreneurs with low openness can also reduce the loss of entrepreneurial performance during the pandemic by making incomplete but rapid strategic decisions. This study found that the openness of entrepreneurs had a positive impact on strategic decision comprehensiveness for the first time and provided more empirical evidence for the negative effect of strategic decision comprehensiveness on entrepreneurial performance in the context of information uncertainty and unanalyzable situations. The inconsistent mediating effect of strategic decision comprehensiveness revealed in this study also has practical significance for helping entrepreneurs make correct decisions to reduce the losses caused by the pandemic.
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Drawing on self-determination theory, we examine the mechanism through which entrepreneurs' felt responsibility for constructive change affects entrepreneurial performance and how market orientation affects the influencing mechanism. A questionnaire survey was conducted with 424 entrepreneurs in China. The results show that entrepreneurs' felt responsibility for constructive change is positively related to technology action and entrepreneurial performance, and technology action mediates the relationship between entrepreneurs' felt responsibility for constructive change and entrepreneurial performance. In addition, market orientation moderates the relationship between technology action and entrepreneurial performance such that the relationship is stronger when the market orientation is higher. Our findings suggest that when entrepreneur feel responsible for constructive change, they tend to take technology actions to achieve their goals and improve the long-term development of ventures. It is also important for entrepreneurs to hold a market orientation, which helps them be aware of changes in customer needs rather than blindly focusing on the use of the latest technologies. Our study is pioneering in exploring entrepreneurs' felt responsibility for constructive change in the entrepreneurial context, advancing the research on entrepreneurship psychology.
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This study aims to identify the influence of knowledge management practices on the entrepreneurial and organizational performance with the mediating effect of dynamic capabilities and moderating role of opportunity recognition. Data were gathered from 486 entrepreneurs and applied a structural equation model to test the hypotheses. We found that knowledge management practices have a positive and significant influence on dynamic capabilities, as well as have a significant impact on entrepreneurial and organizational performance. Moreover, results indicated that dynamic capabilities partially mediate in the relationship between knowledge management practices on entrepreneurial and organizational performance. Furthermore, the relationship between knowledge management practices with entrepreneurial and organizational performance strengthening by opportunity recognition. Further, implications and limitations were discussed in the paper.
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To study the improvement of the entrepreneurial performance of start-ups and achieve an organic combination of entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial performance, the entrepreneurial group of college students was taken as the springboard to discuss the entrepreneurial performance of start-ups initiated by college students. First, through questionnaire design and scale selection, the results of the questionnaire survey and the reliability and validity of the scale tool were tested. Second, the variable of college students' entrepreneurial self-efficacy based on psychological factor analysis was introduced. The correlations among entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial performance were analyzed. Finally, the intermediary role of entrepreneurial self-efficacy was verified by using the hierarchical linear regression analysis method combined with the BARON three-part verification method. The results show that the response rate of the questionnaire is 92%, and the selection of research samples is scientific. The Cronbach's α reliability coefficients corresponding to each scale are all above 0.8, and the common factor variances are all above 0.7. Therefore, the reliability and validity of scale tools are good. Entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial performance are significantly correlated with each other. The college students' entrepreneurial self-efficacy has a good explanatory ability and plays an intermediary role; in the entrepreneurial innovation learning dimension, its corresponding ß = 0.257; in the dimension of school organizational support, the corresponding ß = 0.439; in the dimension of social interaction, the corresponding ß = 0.238. The results have a reference value for studying entrepreneurship education and the improvement of entrepreneurial performance from a psychological level.
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This study aims to explore the psychological capital of entrepreneurship and the deviant innovation behavior of employees, thereby providing theoretical support for the implementation of Chinese innovation policy. By analyzing the previous research results, this study used questionnaires to collect the required data for exploration. Two questionnaires were designed: one was a survey for the psychological capital of entrepreneurship, and the other was a survey for deviant innovation behavior of employees. The research results show that the correlation coefficient between entrepreneurial performance and entrepreneurial psychological capital is 0.29, indicating that there is a significant correlation between entrepreneurial psychological capital and entrepreneurial performance; the correlation coefficient between entrepreneurial opportunity ability and entrepreneurial performance is 0.40, indicating that there is a significant correlation between entrepreneurial opportunity ability and entrepreneurial performance; the correlation coefficient between entrepreneurial psychological capital and entrepreneurial opportunity ability is 0.81, indicating that there is a significant correlation between entrepreneurial psychological capital and entrepreneurial opportunity ability. In addition, there are significant correlations between the work values and psychological empowerment of employees, the work values and deviance innovation of employees, and the psychological empowerment and deviance innovation of employees. The scores of psychological empowerment and work values of employees during the period of low emotional intelligence show a downward trend, while the scores of the psychological empowerment of employees increase significantly when they show high emotional intelligence, and the differences are statistically significant. When task interdependence is high, the psychological empowerment and deviance innovation scores of employees are lower, and the difference is statistically significant. For this purpose, this study enriches the research on psychological capital and deviant innovation and provides a reference for the practice of innovation management.
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Entrepreneurship research has been focusing on intangible capitals of an entrepreneur or entrepreneurial teams. Intellectual capital has been a useful framework for researching entrepreneurship, though the inclusion of intangible capital has not been comprehensive enough. We followed and extended this stream to add psychological capital into the discussion of the relationship between intellectual capital and new venture performance. We argue that psychological capital, human capital, and relational capital are representative capitals of entrepreneurs at intra-personal, personal, and interpersonal levels, respectively, none of them can be neglected for new venture success. Based on the analyses of documentary materials of famous entrepreneurs' interviews from trustable websites/media, this conceptual analyses with case examples found different constructs to serve as important entrepreneurial intellectual capital, which consists of human (i.e., age and education, graduate work experiences, non-graduate work experiences, role models), relational (i.e., trustworthiness and co-founder relations) capitals, and psychological capital (optimism, self-efficacy, hope, and strength). This study contributes by formalizing psychological capital as a theoretical element of intellectual capital and its effectiveness with other forms of intellectual capital on entrepreneurial performance and growth.
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Entrepreneurs are individuals who have a constant feeling of desperation that is from time to time seen in organizations. While the number of entrepreneurship education programmes are increasing, their impact is under-researched and studies paint an unclear picture of the impact of entrepreneurship education. This present study presents data on the extent to which university entrepreneurship education programmes stimulate the entrepreneurial performance of aspiring entrepreneurs in Nigeria. Data was collected using a descriptive cross-sectional quantitative survey conducted among university students (N = 540) of selected institutions in Nigeria. Regression Analysis was used in confirming the hypotheses proposed in the study using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. University entrepreneurship education is confirmed to be a major source of inspirational triggers that positively impact on entrepreneurial performance of aspiring entrepreneurs in the selected universities in Nigeria. The field data set is made widely accessible to allow for critical inquiry.
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The experience of work in an entrepreneurial context is saturated with emotional experiences. While the literature on the relation between affect and entrepreneurial performance (EP) is growing, there was no quantitative integration of the results so far. This study addresses this gap and meta-analytically integrates the results from 17 studies (N = 3810) in order to estimate the effect size for the relation between positive (PA) and negative affect (NA), on the one hand, and EP, on the other hand. The meta-analysis includes studies in English language, published until August 2016. The results indicate a significant positive relation between PA and EP, r = 0.18. The overall NA - EP relation was not significant, r = -0.12. Only state NA has a significant negative relation with EP (r = -0.16). The moderating role of several conceptual (i.e., emotion duration, integrality etc.), sample (i.e., gender, age, education) and methodological characteristics of the studies (i.e., type of measurements etc.) are explored and implications for future research are discussed.