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Individual personality refers to the Ego and the interpersonal sector. The Ego corresponds to consciousness and self-esteem, including the capacities for emotional self-regulation, self-control, self-evaluation, and self-direction in relation to personal goals. When neoplastic and psychiatric diseases coexist, a patient's quality of life is significantly impacted. While there are somatic differences in disease progression, how the illness is perceived and mainly experienced depends on personality traits. In this study, we administered the DECAS Personality Inventory (a Romanian-validated instrument based on the Five-Factor model of personality) to a group of 121 patients diagnosed with breast cancer to explore the relationships among their personality traits. Descriptive statistics revealed that the mean T scores for openness, extroversion, and emotional stability were low, while the scores for conscientiousness and agreeableness were at an average level. Our findings suggest that, in the studied group, low levels of emotional stability, extroversion, and openness were unfavorable personality dimensions that should be a primary focus of therapeutic strategies, as they significantly affect the quality of life in patients with breast cancer.

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Objective: Aspects of our emotional state are constantly being broadcast via our facial expressions. Psychotherapeutic theories highlight the importance of emotional dynamics between patients and therapists for an effective therapeutic relationship. Two emotional dynamics suggested by the literature are emotional reactivity (i.e., when one person is reacting to the other) and emotional stability (i.e., when a person has a tendency to remain in a given emotional state). Yet, little is known empirically about the association between these dynamics and the therapeutic alliance. This study investigates the association between the therapeutic alliance and the emotional dynamics of reactivity and stability, as manifested in the facial expressions of patients and therapists within the session. Methods: Ninety-four patients with major depressive disorder underwent short-term treatment for depression (N = 1256 sessions). Results: Both therapist reactivity and stability were associated with the alliance, across all time spans. Patient reactivity was associated with the alliance only in a short time span (1 s). Conclusions: These findings may potentially guide therapists in the field to attenuate not only their emotional reaction to their patients, but also their own unique presence in the therapy room.

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The feeling of emotional self-efficacy helps people understand how to handle positive and negative emotions. Emotion regulation is the process that helps people control their emotions so that they can adapt to the demands of the environment. This study has a twofold aim. First, it examines the relationships among emotion regulation, the personality traits of extraversion and emotional stability, and the feeling of emotional self-efficacy for positive and negative emotions in an adolescent population. Second, it examines the mediating role of personality traits (extraversion and emotional stability) in the relationship between emotion regulation and emotional self-efficacy for positive and negative emotions. The participants were 703 adolescents (49.9% male and 50.1% female) aged between 15 and 18 years (M = 15.86, SD = 0.30). Significant relationships were observed among emotion regulation, the personality traits of extraversion and emotional stability, and emotional self-efficacy for positive and negative emotions. The structural equation model confirmed the direct link between emotion regulation and emotional self-efficacy and mediation by the personality traits of extraversion and emotional stability. This study confirms that emotional self-efficacy is connected to the emotion regulation strategies that adolescents use. Effective emotion regulation encourages self-perception and emotional coping. The results are discussed in connection to previous research.

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U.S. military veterans are an average 20 years older than non-veterans and have elevated rates of certain health conditions. While negative aging stereotypes have been linked to increased risk for various health conditions, little is known about the prevalence and correlates of these stereotypes in this population. Using data from a nationally representative sample of 4,069 U.S. veterans surveyed between 11/19 and 3/20, we examined (1) the current prevalence of negative aging stereotypes related to physical, mental, and cognitive health and (2) sociodemographic, health, and psychosocial factors associated with these stereotypes. Multivariable regression and relative weight analyses were conducted to identify independent correlates of negative aging stereotypes. Results revealed that 82.3%, 71.1%, and 30.0% of veterans endorsed negative aging stereotypes related to physical, cognitive, and emotional health, respectively. Older age (36.6% relative variance explained), grit (23.6%), and optimism (17.5%) explained the majority of the variance in negative age stereotypes related to physical aging; grit (46.6%), openness to experiences (31.5%), and older age (15.1%) in negative age stereotypes related to cognitive aging; and emotional stability (28.8%), purpose in life (28.8%), and grit (25.3%) in negative age stereotypes related to emotional aging. This study provides an up-to-date characterization of the prevalence and correlates of negative aging stereotypes in U.S. veterans. Results underscore the importance of targeting key correlates of negative aging stereotypes, such as lower grit, as part of efforts to promote health and functioning in this population.

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BACKGROUND: In March 2020, with the scope to reduce the spread of COVID-19, most national governments around the world canceled in-person education and moved to online learning. Therefore, teachers and students had to adapt a new way of teaching. Most of Italian teachers never had such an experience before and encountered difficulties in effectively carrying out this process on their own. Difficulties that can naturally increase anxiety and stress, leading, in situations perceived as extreme, to burnout syndrome. OBJECTIVES: This paper endeavored to verify levels of job stress and burnout of Italian teachers caused by the COVID-19 pandemic using the validated Maslach Burnout Inventory-General. This study aimed to measure the association among the three main dimensions of burnout and the variables of teachers' personal and working lives that changed due to COVID-19. METHOD: The aim of this paper was to verify burnout state and to measure the association among the three dimensions of burnout and the personal and working lives of Italian teachers using structural equation model analysis. The analysis was conducted in December 2021 and considered the situation in which the Italian teachers (from primary to middle and upper school) are working since March 2020. RESULTS: The results showed that teachers were emotionally exhausted; they did not feel able to fully fulfill their task towards the students. This involved a high absenteeism, a lower quality of work performance and the impossibility of making an objective evaluation of the students with an inevitable flattening of the class level. In contrast, the study shows that teachers who experienced few problems had relatively low levels of burnout. CONCLUSION: The findings brought out some proposals to reduce the risk of burnout and increase the individual well-being of schoolwork organization with positive effects on the lives of students: to strengthen social identity, to avoid a full-time online connection, to promote a psychological support service and to promote resilience training.

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Objective: To investigate the relationship between the personality traits, emotional stability and mental health state of students in vocational and technical colleges of art under epidemic prevention and control based on latent trait-state theory. Methods: Using the stratified sampling method, we selected 1569 students in vocational and technical colleges of art as research subjects. From 1 April 2022 to 5 April 2022, we conducted an online survey using the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (Adult Edition) (EPQA), Emotional Stability Self-Test Scale and University Personality Inventory (UPI) to analyse the relationship between the traits, emotional stability and mental health of students in vocational and technical colleges of art. Results: For the EPQA personality traits, boys had lower extraversion and introversion scores than girls (47.71 ± 11.23 vs 49.06 ± 10.74, p = 0.021). In terms of mental health, boys had lower scores than girls (12.20 ± 12.73 vs 14.64 ± 11.85, p< 0.001). There were significant grade differences in psychoticism and total mental health scores in terms of EPQA personality traits (P < 0.01). There were significant associations between all dimensions of personality traits, emotional stability and mental health (r = 0.68, 0.62, p < 0.01). Emotional stability plays a partial mediating role in the effects of neuroticism on mental health. Conclusion: There is a close relationship between personality traits, emotional stability and mental health. Under the condition of epidemic prevention and control, strengthening the management of the self-emotional stability of students in vocational and technical colleges of art is helpful in improving students' mental health.

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Aim: To identify the most common personality traits among pediatric dentists in India. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using the Big Five personality test (BFPT). It included 50 questions based on five personality traits-extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness to experience. The questionnaire was e-mailed and also sent through WhatsApp messages as a Google Form to all the pediatric dentists in India. Scoring for each trait was done based on the specific formula provided. The data were subjected to statistical analysis using Mann-Whitney U test. Results: A total of 390 pediatric dentists responded and filled out the questionnaire. The agreeableness trait was the most commonly exhibited trait, followed by the conscientiousness trait. Emotional stability was the least exhibited trait. Emotional stability was statistically different between male and female pediatric dentists. Conclusion: Agreeableness and emotional stability were the most and least expressed traits, respectively, among the participants. This survey showed that pediatric dentists in India could have a high tolerance and competent behavior. Clinical significance: Dentists may possess unique personality traits that distinguish them from the general population. Within the dental profession, there could be variations in personality traits depending on the specialty they practice. How to cite this article: Asokan S, PR G, Dhanabalan O, et al. Assessment of Personality Traits Among Pediatric Dentists in India: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(3):489-493.

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Interoceptive awareness, the conscious perception of internal bodily states, is a key construct of mind-body interaction. Decreases in interoceptive awareness, as measured by the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA), are found in chronic pain patients. In this study, we explored whether a specific aspect of interoceptive awareness is a risk for the onset and chronicity of pain. A longitudinal cohort study was conducted in 2018 and 2020 among a sample of full-time workers in an industrial manufacturing company in Japan. Participants completed a questionnaire on pain intensity, MAIA, exercise habits, kinesiophobia, psychological distress and work stress. Principal component analyses using the MAIA identified two principal components: self-control and emotional stability. Low emotional stability was associated with the prevalence of moderate to severe pain in 2020 among people with mild or no pain in 2018 (p < 0.01). Lack of exercise habits were associated with the prevalence of moderate to severe pain in 2020 among people with pain in 2018 (p < 0.01). Furthermore, exercise habits were associated with reduction in kinesiophobia among people with moderate to severe pain in 2018 (p = 0.047). Overall, these findings indicate that low emotional stability may be a risk for the onset of moderate to severe pain; lack of exercise habits may sustain kinesiophobia and be a risk for the chronicity of pain.

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COVID-19 has significantly affected the mental health of adolescents, thus increasing the emotional distress among them. Studies have reported that heavy Internet use during COVID-19 was linked with poor mental health among adolescents. Additionally, it was found that personality factors are linked with mental health in general. Although past literature has reported the effect of personality factors on mental health, there are limited studies examining the underlying mechanisms among Malaysian adolescents. Therefore, the current study offers an understanding of the intervening role of personality factors in the relationship between Internet addiction and emotional distress among adolescents in Malaysia. This study also aimed to determine the prevalence of Internet addiction and emotional distress (depression, stress, and anxiety) among adolescents in Malaysia. There are a total of 500 participants from 7 secondary schools who range from 13 to 19 years of age. This was a cross-sectional study, and 3 valid questionnaires were used: The Internet Addiction Test (IAT), the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), and the Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI). Partial least square structure equation modelling (SmartPLS) was used to analyse the mediation models. The results showed that the prevalence of Internet addiction among adolescents was 29.6% and the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among adolescents were 64.8%, 78%, and 51.4%, respectively. Furthermore, mediation analysis showed only emotional stability mediated the relationship between Internet addiction and emotional distress, but not openness to experience, extraversion, conscientiousness, or agreeableness. It is proposed that mental health providers should focus on providing emotion-related interventions to adolescents confronting COVID-19 challenges, ultimately improving mental health.

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BACKGROUND: Although previous studies indicate that chronotype might be associated with risk-taking behavior, the specific mechanism has not been thoroughly discussed. This study aimed to fill this gap by exploring the mediating role of self-control and the chain mediating role of self-control and emotional stability between chronotype and risk-taking behavior. METHODS: A total of 547 Chinese college students between 18 and 24 years old were selected to complete the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), Self-Control Scale (SCS), Eysenck's Personality Questionnaire-neuroticism (EPQ-N), and Adolescent Risk-Taking Questionnaire: Risk Behavior Scale (ARQ-RB) to assess chronotype, risk-taking behavior, self-control, and emotional stability, respectively. Hayes' PROCESS macro for SPSS was used to test the relationships among these variables. RESULTS: Our result showed significant positive correlations among chronotype, self-control, emotional stability, and significant negative correlations between self-control, emotional stability, and risk-taking behavior. We also found that chronotype had a significant predictive effect on risk-taking behavior in the chain mediation model. Specifically, chronotype affected risk-taking behavior through two pathways: the separate mediating role of self-control and the serial mediation pathway of self-control → emotional stability. CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides direct evidence that chronotype is associated with risk-taking behavior. The results showed that the predictive function of chronotype was mediated by self-control and emotional stability. This study provides a new perspective on preventing and reducing risk-taking behavior.

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Background: Although hypertension is the most important cardiovascular risk factor, we still do not understand all the factors that contribute to the disease onset. The aim of this study was to examine the association between personality dimensions and primary hypertension. Methods: In total, 310 participants were recruited in a case-control design. The association of personality dimensions with primary hypertension was examined in normotensive (n = 156) and hypertensive (n = 120) patients following assessment of the 5 personality dimensions with the DECAS Personality Inventory. A binary logistic regression model was used to assess the predictive value of personality traits for hypertension, controlling for recognized confounders such as age, gender, obesity, smoking history, parental history of hypertension, and education. Results: Low or very low emotional stability was almost twice as frequent in the hypertensive group (71.7%) as in the normotensive study population (43.5%). The binary logistic regression model showed that low emotional stability is a significant predictor for hypertension, the risk of being hypertensive decreasing by 7% with each point increase on the emotional stability score. Very low or low emotional stability increased the odds of being hypertensive by 3.55 times (odds ratio: 3.55, 95% CI: 2.18-9.35, P < .001). No association between the severity of hypertension and personality traits was found. Conclusions: People with low emotional stability/high neuroticism have more than 3-fold increased odds of developing primary hypertension. The assessment of personality traits could be used as a tool to identify individuals at risk to develop primary hypertension as well as patients with primary hypertension where psychotherapy could be of potential value. This study highlights the need for further research, in order to establish effective, patient-oriented prevention strategies and treatment options.

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Many studies have investigated the effect of multilingualism on improving personality traits, namely cultural empathy, open-mindedness, flexibility, emotional stability, and social initiative of international students, or students in an international degree program. However, few studies have examined such an issue for EFL learners as they further their academic levels in English as a medium of instruction (EMI) setting. The main tool used in this exploratory descriptive study was the short version (40 items) of the multicultural personality questionnaire (MPQ) that was developed by Van der Zee et al. Five hundred and seventy-seven Saudi female EFL undergraduates participated voluntarily across various academic levels (1-8), as well as recently graduated students; all of whom were exposed to various amounts of EMI. Prior to the study and before administering the questionnaire, the IELTS test was used to measure language proficiency of EFL learners to make sure that the collected data of the MPQ were analyzed statistically to generate means and standard deviations. The results of ANOVA test revealed that not only did all participants improved in cultural empathy followed by open-mindedness, but their improvement of the other dimensions of flexibility, social initiative, and emotional stability appeared to be randomly similar between only two or three groups of academic levels. The results also showed that there was no gradual sequence of developments or deterioration of any multicultural personality dimensions as students advanced in their academic levels or as a result of getting exposed to various amounts of EMI. Finally, this research provides some implications related to widening the scope of the study for further research such as comparing trilingual and bilingual learners and modifying the diagnostic ability of the MPQ.

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This study investigated the parallel mediating effects of positive and negative mood states on the relationship between psychological resilience and emotional stability among first- through third-year senior high school students in China during the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic. Of 408 questionnaires distributed from April 11 to April 22, 2022, to students at a high school located in Changzhou, Jiangsu, China, 360 were completed correctly and analyzed using a cross-sectional study design. The questionnaire included items from the modified Chinese version of the Psychological Resilience Scale, the Profile of Mood States scale, and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Short Scale in Chinese, the latter to assess emotional stability. The mediating effects of mood states on the relationship between psychological resilience and emotional stability were explored by using structural equation modeling and bootstrapping methods. The results indicated that psychological resilience directly affected emotional stability but also indirectly affected emotional stability through the mediating effects of positive and negative mood states. The mediating effect of negative mood states was greater than that of positive mood states. This result differs from that of research conducted prior to the pandemic, which found that compared with the damage caused by negative moods to emotional stability, positive moods more strongly promoted emotional stability. Our findings indicate that high school officials in China should consider strengthening mental health support for students who are taking courses online during home quarantine.

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Insomnia disorder is considered a public health problem and additional studies should investigate predisposing and perpetuating factors. This study examined the relationship between Big Five personality traits, time perspective, and insomnia. In a cross-sectional study, 400 participants (227 women; age range 18-74 years) were administered the Big Five Inventory-10 items, the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). A measure of chronotype was also included for control purposes. The results show that insomniacs reported lower scores for conscientiousness and extraversion, and for past-positive (PP) and future (F) perspectives, whereas they obtained higher scores for past-negative (PN) perspectives and deviation from a balanced time perspective. The correlations confirmed these findings, but negative correlations between present-hedonistic (PH) perspective and ISI score, and between emotional stability and ISI score, were also found. The mediation analyses showed that F played an indirect role in the relationship between consciousness and ISI score, PN had an indirect effect on the relationship between emotional stability and ISI or between extraversion and insomnia, and PH had an indirect effect on the relationship between extraversion and ISI score. The current outcomes shed light on the mechanisms which serve to mediate the relationship between insomnia and personality traits.

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Internalized homophobia (IH) is the endorsement of negative attitudes and stereotypes about sexual minority individuals among those who are LGBQ + . However, although IH is associated with suicide ideation, the underlying mechanisms of this association are relatively understudied. To address this limitation, this research investigates Core Self-Evaluation (CSE; one's fundamental evaluations about themselves, their own abilities, and their own control) and depression as underlying mechanisms associating IH with suicide ideation. CSE comprises four traits: self-esteem, locus of control, emotional stability, and generalized self-efficacy. An online survey was completed by 404 sexual minority adults (Meanage = 27.42 years, %Female = 51.50, %Male = 30.40, %Trans Female = 3.2, %Trans Male = 5.4). Participants were recruited via Prolific, an online crowdsourcing platform. Four serial mediation analyses examined the direct and indirect effects of IH on suicide ideation via each CSE trait and depression symptoms. Results showed support for the CSE-depression mediated pathway. Self-esteem, emotional stability, and general self-efficacy (but not locus of control) mediated the relationship between IH and suicide ideation via depression symptoms. Across three serial mediations, greater IH was associated with lower (1) self-esteem, (2) emotional stability, and (3) self-efficacy; lower self-esteem, emotional stability, and self-efficacy were associated with greater reported depression symptoms, which were then associated with greater suicide ideation. This research has implications for understanding the underlying mechanisms that associate IH with poor mental health among sexual minority adults. Studying the social and psychological mechanisms can help develop therapeutic interventions that target suicide ideation and promote positive self-evaluations among sexual minority individuals.

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Pregnancy is characterized by changes in neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, and immune function. For this reason, pregnancy itself is perceived as a psychological "stress test". Research to date has focused on stress exposure. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of associated factors on the level of stress experienced by pregnant patients. We conducted a prospective study that included 215 pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy, hospitalized in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic II in Târgu-Mureș, between December 2019 and December 2021, who were evaluated by the ABS II scale. All patients included in the study filled in a questionnaire that included 76 questions/items, in which all the data necessary for the study were recorded. The results obtained from the study showed that pregnant women in urban areas (53.49%) are more vulnerable than those in rural areas (46.51%), being influenced by social and professional stressors, social determinants playing a critical role in pregnancy and in the newborn. Patients who have had an imminent abortion in their current pregnancy have a significantly higher score of irrationality than those with normal pregnancy, which shows that their emotional state can negatively influence the phenomenon of irrationality. There is a statistically significant association between pregnancy type I (normal pregnancy or imminent pregnancy) and irrationality class (p = 0.0001; RR: 2.150, CI (95%): 1.154−4.007). In the case of women with desired pregnancies, the risk of developing irrationality class IV−V is 4.739 times higher, with the association being statistically significant (p < 0.0001; RR 4.739; CI (95%): 2.144−10.476). The analysis of the obtained results demonstrates the importance of contributing factors and identifies the possibility of stress disorders, occurring in the last trimester of pregnancy, disorders that can have direct effects on maternal and fetal health. We consider it extremely important to carry out evaluations throughout the pregnancy. At the same time, it is necessary to introduce a screening program to provide psychological counseling in the prenatal care of expectant mothers.

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Nursing students experience anxiety during clinical practicum, which may interfere with their learning in clinical practice and nursing employment after graduation. This study explored: (1) the factors of the difference in anxiety levels between pre- and post-practicum in nursing students; (2) identified their anxiety events in a clinical environment; and (3) the correlation between emotional stability and 5-year nursing professional employment. The study was designed as a mixed method. A longitudinal secondary analysis method and a qualitative approach with open questionnaire were conducted. The emotional stability subscale of Lai's Personality Inventory and the Beck Anxiety Inventory, as well as open questionnaires were administered. Research data were collected through the purposive sampling of 237 nursing students (mean age was 20.96, SD = 1.29) of 4.2% male and 95.8% female in a central Taiwan hospital in 2013, and the participants were followed up in 2021 to show 70% in clinical service. Most of the nursing students exhibited significantly decreased anxiety levels in the post-practicum period. Compared to nursing students with high emotional stability, those with low emotional stability exhibited higher differences in their anxiety levels between the pre- and post-practicum periods. Low emotional stability is critical in a pre-practicum BAI score. However, the high pre-practicum BAI score would decrease to normal range after enrolling to practicum setting. So, as to their 5-year nursing professional employment after graduation. Teachers foster a positive learning atmosphere that emphasizes the importance of "we are family" to students. Teachers and advisors need to make efforts in leading the low emotional stability nursing students to learn effective coping and adapting strategies in clinical practicum.

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Bereaved youths are at risk of developing posttraumatic stress (PTS), but there are large individual differences in presentation and severity of PTS symptoms among bereaved youths. The study sought to identify subgroups based on the distribution of self-rated loss-related PTS symptoms in a sample of 264 bereaved youths (aged 7-18). Based on latent class analysis, we identified three subgroups: no disturbance (37.9%), intermediate disturbance (39.0%) and pervasive disturbance (23.1%). Subgroups differed in PTS severity and symptom configuration. Specifically, avoidance was relatively more pronounced in bereaved youth with no and intermediate PTS disturbance, whereas emotional numbing was relatively more pronounced in bereaved youth with intermediate and pervasive PTS disturbance. Associations between subgroup membership, emotional stability and demographic and loss-related variables were also examined. Multinomial logistic regression indicated that youths in the pervasive disturbance subgroup reported lower emotional stability than youths in the no disturbance subgroup. Other variables were unrelated to subgroup membership. The study highlights the importance of considering the heterogeneity in PTS symptomatology in the diagnoses and treatment of loss-related traumatic stress in bereaved youth. Moreover, it underscores the need for further research on possible risk and protective factors involved in the maintenance and development of this traumatic stress.

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Objective: The population's adhesion to measures to ensure social distancing represents a great management challenge in a pandemic context. Despite of evidence shown that social distancing is effective, lack of adherence still persists in many countries. Therefore, it is challenging to separate the effectiveness of government measures, from social distancing driven by personal initiatives. Theory: It is possible that the output of protective behaviors, such as adherence to protective measures and staying in social isolation, is influenced by individual characteristics, such as personality traits or symptoms of mental distress of anxiogenic nature. We hypothesized that individuals with more expressive symptoms of fear or anxiety would have a more protective behavioral tendency in terms of risk exposure, leaving less home during the pandemic. In contrast, individuals with greater emotional stability, as they feel more secure and with a lower perception of risk, could go out more often. Method: A total of 2709 individuals from all regions of Brazil participated in the study (mean age = 42 years; 2134 women). Correlation analysis was performed to investigate the relationships between personality traits according to the big five model and Psychopathological Symptoms (BSI). Then, correlation analysis was performed to investigate how people that go out often differ from people that stay at home, in both symptoms and personality traits. Finally, to investigate the predictors for going out usually, we use multiple regression analysis, using gender, marital status, level of education, and personality traits. Results: During the second wave of COVID-19 in Brazil, individuals with higher emotional stability tended to leave home more than those with more expressive levels of anxiogenic dysregulation. These results reinforce the role of both personality traits and psychopathological symptoms in prophylactic behavior during COVID-19 pandemics. Conclusions: Individuals with greater emotional stability were more likely to leave home during the second wave of COVID-19 than those with higher levels of anxiogenic dysregulation.

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Emotional stability, the change of emotion response among situations, was associated with mental illness, such as depression. The current study aimed to explore the modulation of attentional deployment on emotional stability by combining functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and a sequential risk-taking task. During the task, participants were asked to open a series of boxes consecutively and decided when to stop. Each box contained a reward, except one containing a devil to zero reward in the trial. When participants stopped, both collected gains and missed chances were revealed. The attentional deployment was manipulated during the outcome feedback, i.e., inducing participants to focus on the good part (GF context) or the bad part (MF context) of the decision outcome. Besides, the Control context was also set, in which the attentional deployment was not manipulated. The behavioral results showed that the emotional stability was stronger in GF context relative to MF and Control contexts. At the neural level, with outcomes getting better, activations of ventral striatum (VS) and superior frontal gyrus (SFG) increased faster in GF context than that in MF and Control contexts. In addition, in GF context, the changing of SFG activation with outcomes getting better was associated with emotional stability. The current study highlighted that focusing on the good part of decision outcomes could enhance emotional stability effectively and SFG played a vital role in this process.

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