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Gastrointestinal pythiosis is a severe, progressive and often a fatal disease, which is caused by the aquatic pathogen Pythium insidiosum. Treatment is challenging due to the disease's resistance to antifungal drugs. Surgical resection is frequently attempted in cases of pythiosis; however, it can be technically challenging. This report presents two dogs with decreased appetite, abdominal pain, progressive haematochezia, tenesmus and significant weight loss. With the medical histories of both being young canines, living in areas with access to natural water resources and with the main chronic gastrointestinal symptoms having not responded to symptomatic treatment, pythiosis was taken into consideration. Abdominal ultrasound revealed severe, diffuse thickening and loss of normal layering of the colonic wall. These findings led to a differential diagnosis between intestinal neoplasia and fungal disease. Full-thickness biopsies were later performed, and immunohistochemistry staining was suggested for colonic pythiosis. Medical treatment for pythiosis was successful with a combination of oral terbinafine and prednisolone. However, therapy with itraconazole in case 1 did not improve the clinical signs, and in case 2, itraconazole was used after all clinical signs have improved for clinical control. Since then, there has been no recurrence of clinical signs until the time of preparing this report (19 months for case 1, 11 months for case 2 since the cessation of treatment). The treatment was successful based on clinical signs and ultrasonographic data, and the disease remission was not confirmed by advance imaging, monitoring of pythiosis enzyme-linked immunosorbent essay concentration or repeat sampling.

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ABSTRACT: We described a case of systemic infection by Coccidioides sp. in a dog. An adult, mixed breed, free-ranging male dog presented with clinical signs that included apathy, cachexia, anorexia, limited mobility with sternal recumbency, bilateral mucopurulent ocular discharge, dyspnoea, pulmonary crepitation, erosive and nodular lesions on the skin, and swelling and stiffness of the left tibiotarsal joint. The dog was submitted to a postmortem examination. Grossly, there were multiple yellow to white nodules in various organs. Histologically, the lesions were characterized as pyogranulomatous inflammation associated with fungal spherules morphologically consistent with Coccidioides sp. The dog was concomitantly diagnosed with undifferentiated sarcoma affecting the skin, lymph nodes, liver, and testicles. The diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis was made based on the histologic changes associated with morphotintorial features and positive immunolabeling of organisms with anti-Coccidioides immunohistochemistry. This case demonstrated that Coccidioides sp. can infect dogs that inhabit urban centers in the semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil, likely due to exposure to dust from contaminated environments.

RESUMO: Descreve-se um caso de infecção sistêmica por Coccidioides em um cão. Um cão adulto, sem raça definida e errante, atendido com sinais clínicos que incluíram apatia, caquexia, anorexia, dificuldade de locomoção com decúbito esternal, secreção ocular bilateral mucopurulenta, dispneia, crepitação pulmonar, lesões erosivas e nodulares na pele, aumento de volume e rigidez na articulação tibiotársica do membro pélvico esquerdo. O cão foi submetido a um exame post-mortem. Macroscopicamente, haviam múltiplos nódulos amarelo-brancacentos em vários órgãos. Histologicamente, as lesões foram caracterizadas por inflamação piogranulomatosa associada a esférulas fúngicas morfologicamente consistentes com Coccidioides sp. O cão foi diagnosticado concomitantemente com sarcoma indiferenciado afetando a pele, linfonodos, fígado e testículos. O diagnóstico de coccidioidomicose foi realizado com base nas alterações histológicas associadas as características morfotintoriais e imunomarcação positiva dos organismos com anti-Coccidioides na imuno-histoquímica. Esse caso demonstra que Coccidioides sp. pode infectar cães que habitam centros urbanos no semiárido do Nordeste do Brasil, provavelmente devido à exposição a poeira de ambientes contaminados.

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Descrevem-se os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos, patológicos e imuno-histoquímicos de um surto de parvovirose cardíaca em filhotes de cães. O surto ocorreu em um canil localizado na cidade de Parnamirim, Rio Grande do Norte, região Nordeste do Brasil. De uma ninhada de nove filhotes, um foi natimorto e seis morreram entre 35-57 dias de idade após apresentarem sinais clínicos cardiorrespiratórios com evolução de 10 minutos a três dias. Dos seis filhotes que morreram, dois foram encaminhados para necropsia. No exame macroscópico, ambos os animais apresentaram discreta efusão pericárdica, coração marcadamente globoso, difusa palidez nas superfícies epicárdica e miocárdica e dilatação da cavidade ventricular esquerda. Nos pulmões, observaram-se áreas multifocais avermelhadas na superfície pleural e ao corte fluía líquido espumoso e levemente avermelhado. O fígado estava difusamente aumentado de tamanho, com acentuação do padrão lobular e com áreas pálidas entremeadas por áreas escuras que, ao corte, se aprofundavam ao parênquima. Microscopicamente observou-se miocardite linfohistiocítica, necrosante, associada a fibrose intersticial e corpúsculos de inclusões virais basofílicos intranucleares em cardiomiócitos. Nos pulmões observou-se pneumonia intersticial e edema, e no fígado notou-se degeneração e necrose centrolobular a mediozonal associada à congestão e hemorragia. O diagnóstico foi confirmado por imuno-histoquímica. A forma miocárdica da parvovirose canina pode ocorrer ocasionalmente em filhotes de cadelas que não foram efetivamente vacinadas. Essa forma clínica da doença caracteriza-se por alterações cardiorrespiratórias e morte hiperaguda ou aguda dos animais afetados.(AU)

We describe the epidemiological, clinical, pathological and immunohistochemical aspects of parvoviral myocarditis outbreak in puppies. The outbreak occurred in a kennel located in Parnamirim, Rio Grande do Norte, Northeastern of Brazil. In a litter of nine pups, one was stillbirth and six died between 35-57 days of age after cardiopulmonary clinical signs with evolution of 10 minutes to three days. Of the six puppies that died, two were sent for necropsy. On gross examination, both animals had discreet pericardial effusion, markedly distended heart, diffuse pallor in epicardial and myocardial surfaces and dilation of the left ventricular cavity. The lungs were observed multifocal reddish areas in the pleural surface and at cutting flowed foamed and slightly red liquid. The liver was diffusely increased in size, with lobular standard accentuation and pale areas interspersed with dark areas wich deepened in the parenchyma. Microscopically observed linfohistiocítica myocarditis, necrotizing, associated with interstitial fibrosis and basophilic intranuclear viral inclusions corpuscles in cardiomyocytes. In the lungs there were edema and interstitial pneumonia and in the liver was noted centrilobular to mediozonal degeneration and necrosis associated with congestion and hemorrhage. The diagnosis was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. The parvoviral myocarditis can occasionally occur in puppies of bitches that have not been effectively vaccinated. This clinical form of the disease characterized by cardiorespiratory changes and hyperacute or acute death of the affected animals.(AU)

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Numerous researchers have observed a form of punctate corneal lesions causing leukomas (corneal opacities) in humans, domestic animals, and wild animals in different parts of the world. This condition has been reported under different names, including West Indian (or Caribbean) punctate keratopathy, West Indian dots, tropical punctate keratopathy, Rice's keratopathy, Florida keratopathy, and Florida spots. Many of these cases, appear to have a common cause, the stings of a small red ant, Wasmannia auropunctata (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), originally from the Neotropics, but spread to other parts of the world through human commerce. The purpose of this article is to link disparate literature on punctate or nummular corneal lesions published in medical, veterinary, wildlife, and entomology journals, because many researchers seem largely unaware of the literature from disciplines other than their own. Recognizing a common cause of this corneal condition is important to insure proper medical treatment and foster efforts to limit the spread and negative impact of W. auropunctata.

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Objective: To determine human and canine seroprevalence, entomologic indexes and risk factors for Chagas’ disease transmission in a rural community. Method: 48 houses, 162 people, and 55 canines were sampled. Serum anti-Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies were determined by means of ELISA and MABA techniques using recombinant antigens. Triatomine collection were carried out by passive search by community and an active/systematic house, T. cruzi infection was determined by direct microcopy. Results: 2,47% of the humans and 18.18% of the canines were positive to serum anti-T.cruzi antibodies. The triatomine bugs found was 98.24% and 1.76% Eratyrus mucronatus. Vector’s indexes were: 0 % vector infection, 18.75% indoor house infestation, 25% outdoor house infestation, 0% indoor house colonization, 83.33 % outdoor house colonization and 4.16% house co-infestation. We obtained an association between house triatomine infestation and visualization of wild animals in the house. Discussion: there are not vector transmission of Chagas disease in the community, however, high dog’s prevalence is related to their biological habits and behavior.

Objetivo: Determinar la seroprevalencia humana y canina del índice entomológico y factores de riesgo para la transmisión de la enfermedad de Chagas en una comunidad rural. Materiales y Método: Se incluyeron 48 casas, 162 personas, y se tomaron muestras de 55 caninos. se determinaron anticuerpos séricos anti-Trypanosoma cruzi mediante técnicas de ELISA y MABA, utilizando antígenos recombinantes. La recolección de triatominos se llevó a cabo mediante búsqueda pasiva sistemática en la comunidad y casas. La infección por T. cruzi se determinó mediante microscopia directa. Resultados: El 2,47 % de los humanos y 18,18 % de los caninos fueron positivos al suero anti-T.cruzi. Los triatominos encontrados fueron T. maculata (98,24 %) y Eratyrus mucronatus (1,76%). No hubo infección vectorial, el 18,75 % de infestación intradomiciliaria, 25 % de infestación extradomiciliaria, no hubo colonización intradomiciliar, el 83,33 % de colonización extradomiciliar y el 4,16 % de infestación intradomiciliar. Se obtuvo una asociación entre infestación intradomiciliar por triatominos y la visualización de los animales en la casa. Discusión: No se observo transmisión vectorial de la enfermedad de Chagas en la comunidad, sin embargo, la alta prevalencia en perros está relacionada con sus hábitos biológicos y el comportamiento.

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Abstract- Two Pugs and two Miniature Schnauzers with multiple pigmented epidermal nevi were investigated. The four dogs had pigmented cutaneous maculae and plaques. Histopathological evaluation showed papillated or digitated epidermal hyperplasia with hypermelanosis and giant keratohyalin granules in the stratum granulosum. Immunohistochemical staining revealed papillomavirus group-specific antigen in the skin specimens from all four dogs. Electron microscopic study of the specimens from two dogs revealed numerous round viral particles within the nuclei of the keratinocytes in the upper stratum granulosum. It was suspected that papillomavirus was the etiologic agent of the lesions, and that Pugs and Miniature Schnauzers might be predisposed to infection. These findings indicate this canine dermatosis resembles epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) of humans, a rare chronic disease caused by human papillomavirus. The potential for transformation of the lesions to squamous cell carcinoma is also suspected and discussed. Résumé- Deux Carlins et deux Schnauzers nains présentant de multiples naevi épidermiques pigmentés sont examinés. Les quatre chiens présentent des macules et des plaques pigmentées. Les lésions histopathologiques montrent une hyperplasie épidermique papillaire ou digitée avec une hypermélanose et la présence de grains de kératohyaline dans le stratum corneum. Les colorations immunohistochimiques révèlent des antigènes spécifiques du groupe des papillomas virus dans les biopsies des quatre chiens. L'étude ultrastructurale à partir des biopsies de deux chiens montrent de nombreuses particules virales rondes dans les noyaux des kératinocytes des couches supérieures du stratum granulosum. II a été suspecté que le papilloma virus était l'agent causal des lésions et que les Carlins et les Schnauzers nains pouvaient être prédisposés à cette infection. Ces éléments font que cette dermatose observée chez le chien ressemble à l'épidermodysplasie verruciforme de l'homme, une dermatose chronique rare causée par un papilloma virus humain. La potentialité de transformation des lésions en épithélioma spinocellulaire est aussi suspectée et discutée. [Nagata, M., Nanko, H., Moriyama, A., Washizu, T., Ishida, T. Pigmented plaques associated with papilloma virus infection in dogs: Is this epidermodysplasia verruciformis? (Plaques hyperpigmentées associées à une infection à papilloma virus chez le chien: est-ce épidermodysplasie verruciforme?). Resumen- Se investigó dos perros de raza Pug y dos de raza Schnauzer Miniatura con múltiples nevos epidérmicos pigmentados. Los cuatro perros presentaban máculas y placas cutáneas pigmentadas. El estudio histológico mostró hiperplasia epitelial con papilas y digitaciones, así como hipermelanosis y gránules de queratohialina gigantes en el estrato granuloso. Las tinciones immunohistoquimicas detectaron antígeno grupo-específico de papilomavirus en las muestras de los cuatro animales. Mediante estudios de microscopía electrónica en muestras de dos de los perros se observaron numerosas particulas virales redondas en el núcleo de los queratinocitos más superficiales del estrato granuloso. Se sospechó que Papilomavirus era el agente etiológico de estas lesiones y que los Pugs y los Schnauzer Miniatura podrian estar predispuestos a la infección. Estos hallazgos indican que esta dermatosis canina es parecida a la Epidermodisplasia Verruciforme (EV) de la especie humana, una enfermedad crónica rara causada por el Papilomavirus Humano. Se sospecha y discute la posible transformación de estas lesiones a carcinoma de células planas. [Nagata, M., Nanko, H., Moriyama, A., Washizu, T., Ishida, T. Pigmented plaques associated with papilloma virus infection in dogs: Is this epidermodysplasia verruciformis? (Placas pigmentadas asociadas con infección por papillomavirus en el perro: se trata de epidermodisplasia verruciforme?).