RESUMEN
All descriptions of infectious diseases affecting otters were published in the Northern Hemisphere, with no occurrence identified in neotropical otters (Lontra longicaudis). Consequently, a retrospective histopathological study using archival tissue samples from six free-living neotropical otters was done to investigate the possible occurrence of disease patterns associated with common viral infectious disease agents of the domestic dogs. Immunohistochemical (IHC) assays were designed to identify intralesional tissue antigens of canine distemper virus (CDV), and canine adenovirus-1 (CAdV-1) and canine adenovirus-2 (CAdV-2). The most frequent histopathological patterns diagnosed were interstitial pneumonia (83.33%; 6/5) and hepatocellular vacuolar degeneration (50%; 3/6). IHC identified intralesional intracytoplasmic immunoreactivity to CDV antigens in all otters evaluated, with positive immunolabeling occurring within epithelial cells of the lungs, stomach, kidneys, and liver, and skin. Intracytoplasmic CAdV-2 antigens were identified within epithelial cells of the peribronchial glands in four otters with interstitial pneumonia. These findings resulted in singular and simultaneous infections in these neotropical otters, represented the first report of concomitant infections by CDV and CAdV-2 in free-living neotropical otters from the Southern Hemisphere, and suggested that this mammalian species is susceptible to infections by viral disease agents common to the domestic dogs and may develop similar histopathologic disease patterns.
Asunto(s)
Adenovirus Caninos , Virus del Moquillo Canino , Moquillo , Nutrias , Animales , Brasil/epidemiología , Moquillo/epidemiología , Moquillo/patología , Perros , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Human African Trypanosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease resulting from the infection with the parasite Trypanosoma brucei. Neurological compromise often dominates, and the impact of cardiovascular involvement has not been fully investigated. Recently, publications indicate that cardiovascular compromise is more frequent than previously thought. Early detection of cardiac complications may be of utmost importance for healthcare teams. AREA COVERED: As a part of the 'Neglected Tropical Diseases and other Infectious Diseases involving the Heart' (the NET-Heart Project), the purpose of this article is to review all the information available regarding cardiovascular implications of this disease, focusing on diagnosis and treatment, and proposing strategies for early detection of cardiac manifestations. An electronic systematic literature review of articles published in MEDLINE, PubMed and EMBASE was performed. From 50 initial studies, 18 were selected according to inclusion criteria. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement was used for conducting and reporting this review. EXPERT OPINION: Cardiovascular compromise through infiltrative and inflammatory mechanisms seems to be frequent, and includes a wide spectrum of severity. Conventional 12-lead electrocardiogram could be a useful test for screening cardiovascular manifestations and used as a guide for considering specific treatments or more sophisticated diagnostic tools.
Asunto(s)
Cardiopatías/parasitología , Tripanosomiasis Africana/terapia , Animales , Electrocardiografía , Humanos , Tamizaje Masivo/métodosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of and factors associated with ideal cardiovascular health (ICH) by sociodemographic characteristics in Peru is not well known. METHODS: The American Heart Association's ICH score comprised 3 ideal health factors (blood pressure, untreated total cholesterol and glucose) and 4 ideal health behaviours (smoking, body mass index, high physical activity and fruit and vegetable consumption). ICH was having 5 to 7 of the ideal health metrics. Baseline data from the Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, a prospective cohort study in adults aged ≥35 years in 4 Peruvian settings, was used (n=3058). RESULTS: No one met all 7 of ICH metrics while 322 (10.5%) had ≤1 metric. Fasting plasma glucose was the most prevalent health factor (72%). Overall, compared with ages 35-44 years, the 55-64 years age group was associated with a lower prevalence of ICH (prevalence ratio 0.54, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.74, P<0.001). Compared with those in the lowest tertile of socioeconomic status, those in the middle and highest tertiles were less likely to have ICH after adjusting for sex, age and education (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: There is a low prevalence of ICH. This is a benchmark for the prevalence of ICH factors and behaviours in a resource-poor setting.