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OBJECTIVE: To estimate the association between disability and the demand for medical emergency care by citizens of Peru over the age of 18 years in 2019. METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis of secondary data from the national survey of budgeted programs (ENAPRES, in its Peruvian abbreviation) of 2019. Disabilities were surveyed based on the criteria of the Washington Group on Disability Statistics. Medical emergencies were queried using 2 questions referring to life-threatening situations. Sociodemographic covariables and variables related to certain medical emergencies were also analyzed as possible confounders. Poisson regression analysis was carried out and crude and adjusted prevalence ratios calculated. Calculations were performed on a complex sample of data from the ENAPRES 2019 survey. RESULTS: Data for 62 959 persons over the age of 18 years were included. Some type of disability was reported by 4.3% of the sample, and 8.7% reported a medical emergency during the past year. Persons with 3 or more disabilities were 2.97-fold more likely to have a medical emergency than persons without disabilities (prevalence ratio, 2.97 (95% CI, 2.28-3.87) after adjustment for multiple confounding variables. CONCLUSIONS: Disabled persons were more likely to have medical emergencies than persons without disabilities in Peru in 2019. The likelihood of medical emergencies was slightly higher in those with 3 or more disabilities.

OBJETIVO: Estimar la asociación entre la condición de discapacidad y la demanda de urgencias médicas en los ciudadanos peruanos mayores de 18 años durante el año 2019. METODO: Se realizó un estudio transversal analítico de datos secundarios de la Encuesta Nacional de Programas Presupuestales (ENAPRES) 2019. La discapacidad se determinó con las preguntas del grupo de Washington y la demanda de urgencias médicas se evaluó con dos preguntas referidas a situaciones que ponen en riesgo la vida de las personas. Se incluyeron covariables sociodemográficas y relacionadas con las urgencias médicas, como posibles confusores. Se llevó a cabo una regresión de Poisson y se estimaron razones de prevalencia (RP) crudas y ajustadas. Todos los cálculos se hicieron de acuerdo con el muestreo complejo de la ENAPRES 2019. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron los datos de 62.959 personas mayores de 18 años. El 4,3% tenía algún tipo de discapacidad y el 8,7% tuvo una urgencia médica en el último año. Las personas con tres o más tipos de discapacidad tuvieron 2,97 veces más probabilidades de tener una urgencia médica, en comparación con las personas sin discapacidad [RP = 2,97 (IC 95%: 2,28-3,87)], ajustado por múltiples variables de confusión. CONCLUSIONES: En el Perú, durante el año 2019, las personas con discapacidad tuvieron más probabilidades de tener una urgencia médica en comparación con las personas sin discapacidad. Estas probabilidades fueron ligeramente mayores cuando las personas tenían tres o más discapacidades.

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BACKGROUND: School-based approaches are an efficient mechanism for the delivery of basic health services, but may result in the exclusion of children with disabilities if they are less likely to participate in schooling. Community-based 'door to door' approaches may provide a more equitable strategy to ensure that children with disabilities are reached, but disability is rarely assessed rigorously in the evaluation of health interventions. OBJECTIVES: To describe the prevalence and factors associated with disability among children aged 5-17 years and to assess the relative effectiveness of routine school-based deworming (SBD) compared with a novel intervention of community-based deworming (CBD) in treating children with disabilities for soil-transmitted helminths. SETTING: DeWorm3 Malawi Site (DMS), Mangochi district, Malawi. PARTICIPANTS: All 44 574 children aged 5-17 years residing within the DMS. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Disability was defined as a functional limitation in one or more domains of the Washington Group/UNICEF Child Functioning Module administered as part of a community-based census. Treatment of all children during SBD and CBD was independently observed and recorded. For both intervention types, we performed bivariate analyses (z-score) of the absolute proportion of children with and without disabilities treated (absolute differences (ADs) in receipt of treatment), and logistic regression to examine whether disability status was associated with the likelihood of treatment (relative differences in receipt of treatment). RESULTS: The overall prevalence of disability was 3.3% (n=1467), and the most common domains of disability were hearing, remembering and communication. Boys were consistently more likely to have a disability compared with girls at all age groups, and disability was strongly associated with lower school attendance and worse levels of education. There was no significant difference in the proportion of children with disabilities treated during SBD when assessed by direct observation (-1% AD, p=0.41) or likelihood of treatment (adjusted risk ratio (aRR)=1.07, 95% CI 0.89 to 1.28). Treatment of all children during CBD was substantially higher than SBD, but again showed no significant difference in the proportions treated (-0.5% AD, p=0.59) or likelihood of treatment (aRR=1.04, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.10). CONCLUSION: SBD does not appear to exclude children with disabilities, but the effect of consistently lower levels of educational participation of children with disabilities should be actively considered in the design and monitoring of school health interventions. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT03014167.

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OBJECTIVE: Individuals with disabilities face elevated risks of adverse oral health outcomes compared with the general population, including worse periodontal health, increased edentulism, and untreated dental decay. Given the varied impacts of different disabilities on people's health and well-being, this study aims to investigate diverse associations between untreated decay and cognitive, physical, emotional, and sensory disabilities among US adults. METHODS: This cross-sectional study analyzed questionnaire and clinical examination data on 7084 adults (≥20 years) from the 2015-18 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cycles. Sociodemographics, oral health behaviors, health conditions, and disability were all examined. The prevalence of tooth decay was calculated as the proportion of adults with untreated decay. Survey-weighted multivariable logistic regression was used to assess associations between disability and untreated decay. RESULTS: In general, untreated decay was more than twice as prevalent in individuals with three or more disabilities as in those without any disabilities (34.5% vs. 13.2%, p < 0.001). After adjusting for confounders, lack of functional dentition was the most significant predictor of untreated decay prevalence (adjusted odds ratio: 2.97, 95% CI: 2.37-3.72). Other significant factors were younger age (20-44), non-Hispanic black race or ethnicity, low-income status, having an underlying chronic condition, not having a past-year dental visit, symptomatic dental visits, and current tobacco use. CONCLUSION: No associations were found between disability type (cognitive, emotional, physical, and sensory) and untreated decay among community-dwelling US adults. Several health-related, social, and behavioral factors emerged as primary predictors of untreated decay. Further research is needed to explore disability types and dental caries determinants.

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BACKGROUND: Little is known about education-related inequalities in late-life disability. Here, we use individual-level register data on the receipt of the Austrian long-term care allowance (ALTCA) to assess education-related inequalities in the duration of late-life disability. METHODS: In this retrospective mortality follow-back study, we analyse receipt of ALTCA, a universal cash benefit based on physician-assessed disability in activities of daily living, during the last 5 years of life among all decedents aged 65 years and over from 2020 in Austria (n=76 772). RESULTS: The higher the level of education, the shorter the period for which ALTCA was received. Over the last 5 years of life, those with the primary/lower secondary education received ALTCA for 47% or 10 months (men), respectively, 38% or 12 months (women) longer than those with tertiary education. Education-related inequalities decreased with time to death and age at death. CONCLUSION: We found education-related inequalities in the duration of late-life disability, that is, higher education was associated with a prolonged ability to live independently during the last years of life. Inequalities in disability decreased with time to death and age at death, pointing to a gradual levelling due to mortality-related declines as well as selective mortality.

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BACKGROUND: Risk stratification is an approach which has been recommended across a number of international guidelines for the management of back pain. OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the use of risk stratification with a matched treatment pathway improves clinical outcomes, when compared with usual care or other interventions, in adults with acute back pain. METHODS: A comprehensive search was conducted of the databases Medline, Embase, PEDro, CINAHL and Cochrane Library in November 2022. Studies of adults with back pain of less than 3 months' duration and who had been stratified according to their level of risk of a poor functional outcome and provided with a treatment matched to their level of risk were included. Participants with specific and/or serious spinal pathologies were excluded. RESULTS: Five trials involving 3519 participants were included. Meta-analysis found very-low certainty evidence that the use of a risk stratification approach with matched treatment may lead to a very small reduction in pain levels at 3-6 months compared with usual care (MD -0.62, 95 % CI -0.88, -0.36). These results did not achieve clinical significance. No difference was found for the use of risk stratification compared to usual care for disability (MD -1.52, 95 % CI -4.15, 1.11). CONCLUSION: The use of risk stratification with matched treatment may be just as worthwhile as usual care for acute back pain, however the evidence is very uncertain. Further high quality research is required to confirm whether risk stratification is a useful approach for this population. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42022379987.

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This scoping review examines current research on AI for inclusive design for people with disabilities. We identified both advantages and challenges of AI-based solutions and suggested future research directions. Our search of four online databases for studies from the last five years revealed promising AI applications in education, daily living, home environments, workplaces, and healthcare. However, limitations include limited research, lack of user involvement, potential data bias, and reporting deficiencies. We stress the importance of future research prioritizing user-centered design, inclusive participation, AI bias mitigation, consideration of diverse populations, and ensuring user-friendly performance to fully realize AI's potential for accessibility and inclusion.

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BACKGROUND: Employment has long been an area of concern for people with disabilities. National samples in the United States are needed to understand the experiences of people with disabilities related to employment. OBJECTIVES: (1) Describe and evaluate associations between personal and health-related factors with employment after disability, and (2) describe and evaluate associations between facilitators, barriers, and work-related external factors with maintaining a longest held job after disability. METHODS: We recruited a national sample of people with physical disabilities from panels assembled by a United States market research organization; by selection, 1309 were working and 491 were not. We evaluated the likelihood of employment and maintaining employment after disability onset using Poisson regression. Model 1 evaluated factors associated with employment; Model 2 evaluated factors associated with maintained employment. RESULTS: Model 1: Older age, decreased ability to pay bills on time, and assistive device use were associated with decreased likelihood of employment after disability onset. Non-Black minority identification, fatigue, and higher physical function were associated with increased likelihood of employment. For Model 2, the likelihood of maintaining a longest held job was associated with acquiring a disability at work, receipt of job accommodations, valuing opportunities for advancement and health benefits, having a helpful living situation, and helpful human resource attitudes. Decreased likelihood of maintaining a longest held job after disability onset was associated with job dissatisfaction and supervisors' attitudes. CONCLUSIONS: This work highlights opportunities for employers to focus efforts on job accommodations and support in the maintenance of employment after disability.

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La discapacidad es una afección (deficiencia) que dificulta el desarrollo de las actividades cotidianas y la interacción del individuo con el entorno que lo rodea, se divide en: discapacidad física, motora, orgánica, mental, intelectual y sensorial. Objetivo: Documentar las percepciones y emociones en salud sexual y reproductiva de las personas con discapacidad del Centro diurno del Cantón Biblián. Metodología: Se trata de un estudio observacional cualitativo en el que se recopila las vivencias de 34 personas de la población con discapacidad que forman parte del Proyecto Centro diurno "San José" de Biblián, siendo seleccionados cinco participantes mediante muestreo simple no probabilístico. Hallazgos: A partir del análisis de los relatos se determina que las personas con discapacidad mantienen relaciones satisfactorias aún con las inseguridades que los rodean. Sin embargo, la exclusión dentro de sus propios hogares, la escasa información segura y la difusión mediática masiva sobre la sexualidad han condicionado percepciones que los expone a un nivel elevado de vulnerabilidad. A manera de Conclusión: En varias ocasiones existen prejuicios y tabúes al hablar de sexualidad con personas con discapacidad en los diferentes hogares, los familiares optan por no responder interrogantes relacionadas, por eso el personal de salud cumple un rol muy importante al brindar la educación necesaria para generar personas independientes que vivan plenamente en la sociedad sin importar su condición

Disability is a condition (impairment) that hinders the development of daily activities and the interaction of the individual with the surrounding environment, it is divided into: physical, motor, organic, mental, intellectual and sensory disability. Objective: To document the perceptions and emotions on sexual and reproductive health of people with disabilities in the Biblián Canton Day Center. Methodology: This is a qualitative observational study in which the experiences of 34 people from the population with disabilities who are part of the Project Day Center "San José" of Biblián are collected, with five participants being selected through simple non-probabilistic sampling. Findings: From the analysis of the narratives, it is determined that people with disabilities maintain satisfactory relationships even with the insecurities that surround them. However, exclusion within their own homes, scarce safe information and mass media dissemination about sexuality have conditioned perceptions that expose them to a high level of vulnerability. By way of conclusion: On several occasions there are prejudices and taboos when talking about sexuality with people with disabilities in different homes, family members choose not to answer related questions, so health personnel play a very important role in providing the necessary education to generate independent people who live fully in society regardless of their condition

A deficiência é uma condição (impedimento) que dificulta o desenvolvimento das atividades cotidianas e a interação do indivíduo com o ambiente que o cerca. Ela se divide em: deficiência física, motora, orgânica, mental, intelectual e sensorial. Objetivo: documentar as percepções e emoções sobre saúde sexual e reprodutiva de pessoas com deficiência no Centro de Dia do Cantão de Biblián. Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo observacional qualitativo no qual são compiladas as experiências de 34 pessoas da população com deficiência que fazem parte do Projeto Centro de Dia "San José" em Biblián, sendo que cinco participantes foram selecionados por meio de amostragem simples não probabilística. Achados: A partir da análise das histórias, constatou-se que as pessoas com deficiência mantêm relacionamentos satisfatórios mesmo com as inseguranças que as cercam. Entretanto, a exclusão dentro de suas próprias casas, a escassez de informações seguras e a cobertura da sexualidade pela mídia de massa condicionaram percepções que as expõem a um alto nível de vulnerabilidade. Conclusão: Em várias ocasiões, há preconceitos e tabus ao falar sobre sexualidade com pessoas com deficiência em diferentes lares, e os membros da família optam por não responder às perguntas relacionadas, razão pela qual a equipe de saúde desempenha um papel muito importante ao fornecer a educação necessária para gerar pessoas independentes que vivem plenamente na sociedade, independentemente de sua condição

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La discapacidad es una afección (deficiencia) que dificulta el desarrollo de las actividades cotidianas y la interacción del individuo con el entorno que lo rodea, se divide en: discapacidad física, motora, orgánica, mental, intelectual y sensorial. Objetivo: Documentar las percepciones y emociones en salud sexual y reproductiva de las personas con discapacidad del Centro diurno del Cantón Biblián. Metodología: Se trata de un estudio observacional cualitativo en el que se recopila las vivencias de 34 personas de la población con discapacidad que forman parte del Proyecto Centro diurno "San José" de Biblián, siendo seleccionados cinco participantes mediante muestreo simple no probabilístico. Hallazgos: A partir del análisis de los relatos se determina que las personas con discapacidad mantienen relaciones satisfactorias aún con las inseguridades que los rodean. Sin embargo, la exclusión dentro de sus propios hogares, la escasa información segura y la difusión mediática masiva sobre la sexualidad han condicionado percepciones que los expone a un nivel elevado de vulnerabilidad. A manera de Conclusión: En varias ocasiones existen prejuicios y tabúes al hablar de sexualidad con personas con discapacidad en los diferentes hogares, los familiares optan por no responder interrogantes relacionadas, por eso el personal de salud cumple un rol muy importante al brindar la educación necesaria para generar personas independientes que vivan plenamente en la sociedad sin importar su condición.

Disability is a condition (impairment) that hinders the development of daily activities and the interaction of the individual with the surrounding environment, it is divided into: physical, motor, organic, mental, intellectual and sensory disability. Objective: To document the perceptions and emotions on sexual and reproductive health of people with disabilities in the Biblián Canton Day Center. Methodology: This is a qualitative observational study in which the experiences of 34 people from the population with disabilities who are part of the Project Day Center "San José" of Biblián are collected, with five participants being selected through simple non-probabilistic sampling. Findings: From the analysis of the narratives, it is determined that people with disabilities maintain satisfactory relationships even with the insecurities that surround them. However, exclusion within their own homes, scarce safe information and mass media dissemination about sexuality have conditioned perceptions that expose them to a high level of vulnerability. By way of conclusion: On several occasions there are prejudices and taboos when talking about sexuality with people with disabilities in different homes, family members choose not to answer related questions, so health personnel play a very important role in providing the necessary education to generate independent people who live fully in society regardless of their condition.

A deficiência é uma condição (impedimento) que dificulta o desenvolvimento das atividades cotidianas e a interação do indivíduo com o ambiente que o cerca. Ela se divide em: deficiência física, motora, orgânica, mental, intelectual e sensorial. Objetivo: documentar as percepções e emoções sobre saúde sexual e reprodutiva de pessoas com deficiência no Centro de Dia do Cantão de Biblián. Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo observacional qualitativo no qual são compiladas as experiências de 34 pessoas da população com deficiência que fazem parte do Projeto Centro de Dia "San José" em Biblián, sendo que cinco participantes foram selecionados por meio de amostragem simples não probabilística. Achados: A partir da análise das histórias, constatou-se que as pessoas com deficiência mantêm relacionamentos satisfatórios mesmo com as inseguranças que as cercam. Entretanto, a exclusão dentro de suas próprias casas, a escassez de informações seguras e a cobertura da sexualidade pela mídia de massa condicionaram percepções que as expõem a um alto nível de vulnerabilidade. Conclusão: Em várias ocasiões, há preconceitos e tabus ao falar sobre sexualidade com pessoas com deficiência em diferentes lares, e os membros da família optam por não responder às perguntas relacionadas, razão pela qual a equipe de saúde desempenha um papel muito importante ao fornecer a educação necessária para gerar pessoas independentes que vivem plenamente na sociedade, independentemente de sua condição.

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Adolescents with physical disabilities experience common psychological distress that interacts with impaired physical function. While cognitive-based interventions have been implemented for adolescents with physical disabilities, their effects on enhancing psychological health remain uncertain. This systematic review aimed to synthesise the effects of cognitive-based interventions on the psychological distress of this population and identify optimal components for evidence-based interventions. Following the PRISMA guideline, nine databases were searched to identify eligible randomised controlled trials examining the effects of cognitive-based interventions for adolescents with physical disabilities from inception to October 2023. Data syntheses were performed using the R software, employing random-effects models. Twelve trials involving 1201 participants were identified. The pooled results revealed that cognitive-based interventions did not yield noticeable effects in reducing anxiety (g = -0.43 for postintervention; -0.14 for medium term; -0.37 for long term), depression (g = -0.05 for postintervention; -0.02 for medium term; -0.15 for long term) and stress levels (g = -0.15) over time. The secondary outcome (physical function) improved significantly in the long term compared to the control groups (g = 0.31). Furthermore, this review identified variations in the effectiveness of CBIs among different recipients, durations and modes of delivery. Given the limited number and overall low quality of identified studies for each outcome, conducting high-quality randomised controlled trials is recommended to validate the effectiveness of cognitive-based interventions in reducing psychological distress among adolescents with physical disabilities.

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It has been determined that quality of life in epilepsy is closely related to the perceived disability experienced by individuals with the diagnosis. However, this measure is seldom considered in healthcare processes. The objective of the present study is to establish the psychometric properties of the Perceived Disability Questionnaire in individuals diagnosed with epilepsy within a Latin American context. A cross-sectional, analytical study was conducted involving 325 participants, aged 12 years and older (M 40.42 years), individuals diagnosed with epilepsy in Colombia. The main psychometric properties of the instrument were explored to account for its factorial validity and reliability. The Perceived Disability Questionnaire exhibits high reliability (α = 0.878) and the three subscales comprising the final version of the questionnaire (Dissatisfaction, Pessimism, and Self-Disdain) explain 45.393 % of the total variance in relation to beliefs of disability associated with the diagnosis of epilepsy; the questionnaire significantly correlates with the Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory (QOLIE-10). Adequate psychometric properties of the instrument are found, which allows for its proposal as a tool in epilepsy care processes within the Colombian context.

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OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) in para athletes in Brazil. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study with Brazilian para athletes with physical impairments from all para sports. The data from 86 participants of both sexes (60 males and 26 females) were collected through an online survey that gathered sociodemographic data and the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form, from March to July 2023. RESULTS: The prevalence of UI was 45.3% (n=39), with the average impact on quality of life scored at 6.1±3.5 on a scale of 0-10. Most para athletes reported moderate (43.5%) or severe (38.4%) symptoms. The most common type was mixed UI (46.1%), with an average of 3±1.9 episodes of urinary loss per athlete in the last 4 weeks. Adjusted Poisson regression (controlling for sex, age and level of competition) revealed that para athletes with orthopaedic impairments had a 58% lower prevalence of UI (prevalence ratio=0.42; 95% CI 0.24, 0.83) compared with those with neurological impairments. Furthermore, ordinal regression indicated that para athletes with neurological impairments were 147% more likely to experience a progression from 'severe' to 'very severe' UI (OR=2.47; 95% CI 1.59, 3.93). CONCLUSIONS: UI is highly prevalent among para athletes, particularly those with neurological impairments, underscoring the need for specialised genitourinary healthcare and the need for further treatment and monitoring of the condition. There is a critical need to raise awareness among coaches, healthcare providers and the athletes themselves about UI and its impact to foster the comprehensive well-being of these athletes.

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Background: Excessive fear of dental procedures leads to disruptive behavior during dental examinations and treatments. Dental examinations and treatments of these patients usually require additional techniques, such as sedation. The most commonly used techniques are inhalation of nitrous oxide, infusion of propofol with fentanyl, and premedication and infusion of midazolam. Methods: A prospective observational epidemiological study was conducted on patients who required sedoanalgesia techniques for dental exploration and procedures. The reasons for the inability of patients to cooperate (excessive fear or intellectual disability), age, sex, weight, systemic pathology, oral pathology, treatment performed, time of intervention, anesthetic technique performed, and occurrence of complications were recorded. Results: In total, 218 patients were studied. Sixty-five patients came for fear of dental treatment and 153 for presenting with a diagnosis of intellectual disability and not collaborating in the treatment with local anesthesia. The average age of all patients was 30.54 ± 17.30 years. The most frequent oral pathologies found in patients with excessive fear were tartar (6.8%) and wisdom teeth (6.4%), followed by missing teeth (5%). In patients with disabilities, a combination of tartar and cavities appeared most frequently (41.3%), followed by cavities (15.6%). The most frequently used sedoanalgesia technique was the infusion of propofol with fentanyl in both groups of patients, followed by nitrous oxide. Conclusion: The combination of propofol and fentanyl was the most frequently used alternative in patients who were unable to collaborate because of intellectual disability or carry out longer or more complex treatments. Inhaled nitrous oxide and midazolam were the sedative techniques of choice for simpler oral treatments, such as tartrectomies, shallow obturations, and shorter interventions, or in younger patients.

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BACKGROUND: There is increasing evidence that employment, or the lack thereof, affects an individual's health. Consequently, employment provides people with physical disabilities (PWPD) with financial independence, enhances their well-being and self-worth, and facilitates a sense of purpose. People with physical disabilities often retain job skills and motivation to return to work after acquiring a disability. Their vocational rehabilitation and job accommodation needs likely differ from people with disabilities resulting from developmental, sensory, cognitive, and mental health conditions. To better target the needs of PWPD and improve vocational rehabilitation services, it is crucial to identify the modifiable factors that influence their employment outcomes. OBJECTIVE: This research aimed to examine systematically the client-, employer-, and context-related facilitators and barriers to employment experienced by PWPD. METHODS: We recruited to this cross-sectional study, PWPD from the Midwestern United States who returned to work after injury or illness. An online survey collected data on demographic characteristics and educational history; disability and functional status; supports, facilitators and barriers to employment; and job information and accommodations. RESULTS: 347 working-age PWPD completed the survey; at the time of survey completion, 270 were working and 77 were not. People with physical disabilities who reported social support and encouragement at work were more likely to be working than respondents who did not. Negative attitudes of supervisors and colleagues, inaccessible work environments, and inflexible work schedules were barriers to employment. Important reasons for working included financial needs, a sense of purpose, and self-worth. CONCLUSIONS: Results provide insights into the importance of social supports in the work environment. Novel approaches are needed to develop supportive relationships with supervisors and coworkers.

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OBJECTIVE: To describe the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) staff experiences, perceptions, and training needs surrounding the provision of infant feeding support for parents with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). METHODS: We conducted in-depth semistructured interviews between October and November 2021 with Maryland WIC staff (N = 10) who provide infant feeding counseling and support. We analyzed interviews using conventional content analysis. RESULTS: Three themes were identified: identifying and documenting IDD, facilitating effective communication and infant feeding education, and assessing WIC staff competence and readiness. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: The interviews suggested the need to explore the risks and benefits of routine and compassionate processes for identifying and documenting disability, create accessible teaching materials that facilitate understanding and engagement, and educate and train staff to provide tailored support in WIC. Engaging parents with IDD to better understand their perspectives and experiences should guide future efforts to improve inclusivity and accessibility.

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PURPOSE: Recent studies have focused on policies aimed at supporting the independence of individuals with disabilities in communities. As part of this initiative, supportive housing, integrated care, and residential spaces offer tailored services based on individual needs and autonomy. The attitudes and knowledge of the administrators supporting supportive housing residents regarding health management can influence the well-being of individuals with disabilities. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the challenges faced by supporting housing workers in enhancing the self-management skills of individuals with disabilities. METHODS: In this qualitative study, focus group interviews were conducted in August 2023 with nine administrators working to support housing in Seoul. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the interview data. RESULTS: The needs and challenges in enhancing the self-management skills of individuals with disabilities were as follows: (1) the complexity of health management challenges, (2) bidirectional strategies for strengthening health management capabilities, and (3) support for systematic health management. Additionally, eight subthemes were derived. CONCLUSION: By investigating the difficulties experienced and identifying the necessary support requirements for supportive housing workers, this study seeks to uncover insights and identifies areas for improvement and strategies for health management. This study acknowledges the educational and institutional support necessary to improve the health and quality of life of individuals with disabilities residing in supportive housing.

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People with disabilities are subject to multiple forms of health-related and wider social disparities; carefully focused research is required to inform more inclusive, safe and effective healthcare practice and policy. Through lived experience, disabled people are well positioned to identify and persistently pursue problems and opportunities within existing health provisions that may be overlooked by a largely non-disabled research community. Thus, the academy can play an important role in shining a light on the perspectives and insights from within the disability community, and combined with policy decisions, these perspectives and insights have a better opportunity to become integrated into the fabric of public life, within healthcare and beyond. However, despite the potential benefits that could be yielded by greater inclusivity, in this paper we describe barriers within the UK academy confronting disabled people who wish to embark on health research. We do this by drawing on published findings, and via the lived experience of the first author, who has struggled for over 3 years to find an accessible PhD programme as a person with energy limiting conditions who is largely confined to the home in the UK. First, we situate the discussion in the wider perspective of epistemic injustice in health research. Second, we consider evidence of epistemic injustice among disabled researchers, focusing primarily on what philosophers Kidd and Carel (2017, p 184) describe as 'strategies of exclusion'. Third, we offer recommendations for overcoming these barriers to improve the pipeline of researchers with disabilities in the academy.

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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore the instruction of social determinants of health (SDOH) for people with disabilities (PWD) in doctor of physical therapy (DPT) education programs. METHODS: A sequential mixed methods study informed by a five-member disability community advisory panel was conducted. Qualitative semi-structured interviews with educators (n = 10) across 4 DPT programs in the Midwest were conducted and analyzed thematically. The qualitative findings formed the basis of the quantitative phase. An online survey was conducted with faculty of DPT programs in the United States (n = 254) with the most knowledge of instruction of SDOH and health equity for PWD (n = 74; 29% response rate). Quantitative data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and triangulated with qualitative data. RESULTS: SDOH for PWD is an emerging component of instruction in DPT curricula. Five themes included: emerging instruction of SDOH for PWD; conceptual frameworks informing instruction; instructional strategies; barriers to integration of SDOH for PWD; and facilitators to integration of SDOH for PWD. Quantitative analysis revealed that 71 respondents (95.9%) included disability in health equity discussions primarily focused on health care access. Limited time (n = 49; 66.2%) was the most frequently reported barrier, and educator interest in disability health equity was the most frequently reported facilitator (n = 62; 83.7%) to inclusion of the SDOH for PWD in health equity discussions. CONCLUSION: Opportunities exist in DPT curricula to build on instructional strategies, integrate SDOH frameworks, and amplify facilitators to integration of SDOH for PWD. IMPACT: To meet the needs of the 67 million Americans living with disabilities, students must have the knowledge and skills to address the complex needs of this historically marginalized population. Understanding the DPT education landscape around SDOH for PWD can guide DPT educators to more fully prepare their students to recognize and ameliorate health disparities faced by PWD.

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