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Abstract Aim: To investigate if treadmill exercise (Ex) associated with fish oil (FO) supplementation during lactation would influence the biochemical profile as well as the oxidative balance in the hearts of male juvenile rats. Methods: Fifteen days-old rats were submitted to a daily moderate Ex training (based on their maximal running capacity) and FO supplementation for 4 weeks. Forty-eight hours after the last exercise session, blood fasting glucose and lipid profile were assessed according to the manufacturer's recommendations, while the oxidative status of the hearts was evaluated via colorimetric and absorbance-based assays. Results: FO associated with Ex decreased triglycerides (TG-79.27 ± 5.75 to 60.24 ± 6.25 mg/dL) and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (VLDL-15.85 ± 1.15 to 12.05 ± 1.25 mg/dL) when compared to sedentary animals. FO, alone, reduced atherogenic index (AI- 1.14 ± 0.03 vs. 1.01 ± 0.04 a.u) while increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-43.90 ± 2.50 vs. 59.43 ± 3.15 mg/dL) of sedentary animals. Additionally, both Ex (67.3 ± 13.5 nmol/mg prot) and FO supplementation (56.6 ± 5.5 nmol/mg prot) decreased the oxidative damage to lipids in non-trained animals (105.8 ± 10.8 nmol/mg prot). The interventions also protected the protein content from oxidative stress (Ex- 5.15 ± 0.46; FO- 4.5 ± 0.5; and vehicle sedentary-7.3 ± 0.6 µmol/mg prot), while increasing the antioxidant defense and oxidative metabolism. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that intervention in juvenile rats can improve cardiac metabolism. These are the first findings to show the positive effects of the association between FO and moderate treadmill Ex during the critical period of development. We believe these results can drive early-life origins of heart disease through different avenues and, possibly, assist the development of a heart disease prevention program as well as an adjunctive therapeutic resource.

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The present study aimed to explore some simple ways to optimize the mass rearing of Cotesia vestalis (Haliday) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), one of the most important biocontrol agents of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). The effects of host and parasitoid initial densities on the quantity and quality of produced wasps were investigated. In particular, a factorial experiment was established using three different host densities (20, 50, and 100 P. xylostella larvae per cage) in presence of C. vestalis at three different densities (2, 5, and 7 females, with a 24-h exposure) in well-ventilated cages. There was a significant effect of wasp's initial density on the percentage parasitism (measured based on the cocoon and emerged adult wasps); comparatively the greatest percentage parasitism was obtained with five wasps per cage. Initial host density had no significant effects on the percentage parasitism, sex ratio, and larval period, but it influenced the survival rate (measured based on the cocoon and adult emerged) and pupal period of produced wasps, and also percentage host mortality. The density of 20 host larvae was the best in this regard. These findings were discussed in the contexts of optimum mass rearing, life history, and potential of C. vestalis as a biological control agent.

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Disminuir la variabilidad en las estrategias utilizadas para evaluar, detectar tempranamente y hacer el enfoque inicial de alteraciones del desarrollo en niños menores de 5 años. Recomendar la mejor estrategia para promover el desarrollo adecuado en niños menores de 5 años. Proponer al personal de salud los mejores instrumentos disponibles, de acuerdo con la evidencia, para la tamización de alteraciones del desarrollo en niños menores de 5 años. Orientar al personal de salud del nivel primario de atención sobre el enfoque inicial de un niño menor de 5 años en quien se detectan alteraciones en el desarrollo

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Dipteran larvae were collected from rabbit (Oryctolagus cunniculus L.) carcasses during the four seasons in 2005 in the southernmost state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The larvae were fed ground beef at ambient temperatures following collection from carcasses. The development of each species under these conditions was estimated. The most abundant species in the carcasses were Lucilia eximia (Wiedemann) and Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann) (Calliphoridae), and they were found in all seasons. The data were fitted to a linear model that describes the relationship between temperature and linear developmental rating. These two species are primary forensic indicators in southern Brazil. Other species such as Hemilucilia semidiaphana (Rondani) (Calliphoridae), Synthesiomyia nudiseta (Wulp), Muscina stabulans (Fallen) (Muscidae), and Fannia pusio (Wiedemann) (Fanniidae) were forensically less important because they only occurred in high frequency in certain seasons and during the first days of carcass decomposition.

Larvas de dipterous foram coletadas em carcaças de coelho-doméstico (Oryctolagus cunniculus L.) ao longo das quatro estações de 2005 no extremo-sul do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. As larvas foram alimentadas com carne bovina moída e acondicionadas em temperatura ambiente. O desenvolvimento de cada espécie foi acompanhado nestas condições. As espécies mais abundantes na carcaça foram Lucilia eximia (Wiedemann) e Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann) (Calliphoridae) em todas as estações. Os dados foram ajustados a um modelo linear da relação entre a taxa de desenvolvimento destas espécies e a temperatura média diária do ambiente. Estas duas espécies são as principais indicadoras forense no sul do Brasil. Outras espécies como Hemilucilia semidiaphana (Rondani) (Calliphoridae), Synthesiomyia nudiseta (Wulp), Muscina stabulans (Fallen) (Muscidae) e Fannia pusio (Wiedemann) (Fanniidae) foram menos importantes porque ocorreram em alta abundância em determinadas estações do ano no decorrer dos primeiros dias de decomposição.