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Objetivos: Determinar la prevalencia, las características y el impacto en el pronóstico del bloqueo de rama derecha (BRD) en una cohorte de pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca aguda (ICA). Métodos: Analizamos prospectivamente 3.638 pacientes con ICA incluidos en el Registro Nacional de Insuficiencia Cardíaca de la Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna (RICA). Analizamos de forma independiente la relación entre las características basales y clínicas y la presencia de BRD, y el impacto potencial del BRD en la mortalidad por todas las causas a un año y el evento combinado de hospitalización o muerte a 90 días después del alta. Resultados: La prevalencia de BRD fue del 10,9%. Los pacientes con BRD eran de edad más avanzada, con mayor proporción de sexo masculino y comorbilidades pulmonares, valores más altos de fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo y peor estado funcional. No hubo diferencias en riesgo para los pacientes con BRD, con un cociente de riesgo ajustado (intervalo de confianza del 95%) para la mortalidad a un año de 1,05 (0,83-1,32) y para el evento combinado a 90 días después del alta de 0,97 (0,74-1,25). Estos resultados fueron consistentes en los análisis de sensibilidad. Conclusiones: Pocos pacientes con ICA presentan BRD, que se asocia consistentemente con la edad avanzada, el sexo masculino, las comorbilidades pulmonares, la fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo preservada y el peor estado funcional. Sin embargo, después de tener en cuenta estos factores, el BRD en pacientes con ICA no se asocia a peores resultados (AU)

Objectives: This work aims to determine the prevalence, characteristics, and impact on prognosis of right bundle branch block (RBBB) in a cohort of acute heart failure (AHF) patients. Methods: We prospectively analyzed 3,638 AHF patients included in the RICA registry (National Heart Failure Registry of the Spanish Internal Medicine Society). We independently analyzed the relationship between baseline and clinical characteristics and the presence of RBBB as well as the potential impact of RBBB on 1-year all-cause mortality and a composite endpoint of 90-day post-discharge hospitalization or death. Results: The prevalence of RBBB was 10.9%. Patients with RBBB were older, a higher proportion were male, had more pulmonary comorbidities, had higher left ventricular ejection fraction values, and had worse functional status. There were no differences in risk for patients with RBBB, with an adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for 1-year mortality of 1.05 (0.83-1.32), and for the composite endpoint of 90-day post-discharge hospitalization or death of 0.97 (0.74-1.25). These results were consistent on the sensitivity analyses. Conclusions: Few patients with AHF present with RBBB, which is consistently associated with advanced age, male sex, pulmonary comorbidities, preserved left ventricular ejection fraction, and worse functional status. Nonetheless, after considering these factors, RBBB in AHF patients is not associated with worse outcomes (AU)

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OBJECTIVES: This work aims to determine the prevalence, characteristics, and impact on prognosis of right bundle branch block (RBBB) in a cohort of acute heart failure (AHF) patients. METHODS: We prospectively analyzed 3,638 AHF patients included in the RICA registry (National Heart Failure Registry of the Spanish Internal Medicine Society). We independently analyzed the relationship between baseline and clinical characteristics and the presence of RBBB as well as the potential impact of RBBB on 1-year all-cause mortality and a composite endpoint of 90-day post-discharge hospitalization or death. RESULTS: The prevalence of RBBB was 10.9%. Patients with RBBB were older, a higher proportion were male, had more pulmonary comorbidities, had higher left ventricular ejection fraction values, and had worse functional status. There were no differences in risk for patients with RBBB, with an adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for 1-year mortality of 1.05 (0.83-1.32), and for the composite endpoint of 90-day post-discharge hospitalization or death of 0.97 (0.74-1.25). These results were consistent on the sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Few patients with AHF present with RBBB, which is consistently associated with advanced age, male sex, pulmonary comorbidities, preserved left ventricular ejection fraction, and worse functional status. Nonetheless, after considering these factors, RBBB in AHF patients is not associated with worse outcomes.

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BACKGROUND: There is scarce evidence relating to self-care of heart failure (HF) in Spain. In particular, there is a need to establish patients' level of understanding of HF, as well as their ability to recognise signs and symptoms of decompensation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study to determine the level of self-care in a population of Spanish patients admitted to hospital with a primary diagnosis of decompensated HF. A convenience sample of 108 patients (50 women and 58 men) aged 83±8 were recruited to participate in this study. RESULTS: The Self-Care of Heart Failure Index version 6.2 was used to quantify self-care in our sample. Mean and standard deviation from the Self-Care of Heart Failure Index self-care maintenance subscale were: a) "exercise for 30 minutes", 1±1; b) "forget to take one of your medicines", 2±2; c) "ask for low-salt items when eating out or visiting others", 2±1. A percentage of 67.6 had experienced shortness of breath or ankle swelling in the past month. However, the vast majority of our patients were unlikely to independently implement a remedy: a) reduce salt, 2±1; b) reduce fluid intake, 1±1; c) take an extra diuretic, 1±1. Over 50% of our sample felt confident or very confident at following professional advice (3±1), keeping themselves free of symptoms (3±1), recognizing changes in their condition (3±1) and evaluating the significance of such changes (3±1). CONCLUSIONS: HF patients have a significantly low level of self-care when compared with HF patients from other countries, especially when it comes to managing their condition. Self-care promotion should be a priority for all healthcare professionals involved in the care and management of HF patients.

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Introducción. La insuficiencia cardíaca es un proceso de alta prevalencia en la actualidad y un problema de salud pública que alcanza proporciones de epidemia y que conduce a un deterioro progresivo y grave del paciente. Las causas de descompensación son diversas pero pueden variar con cada región. Objetivos. Determinar las causas de descompensación cardíaca en pacientes adultos. Material y métodos. Estudio observacional, descriptivo, prospectivo, de corte transversal. Se observaron pacientes con diagnóstico de insuficiencia cardíaca, internados en los servicios de Clínica Médica y Cardiología del Hospital Nacional de Itauguá (Paraguay) desde Marzo a Noviembre del 2015. Resultados. Se incluyeron 110 pacientes, la mayoría de ellos del sexo masculino con educación escolar básica incompleta. Se pudo observar que la mayor causa de descompensación de insuficiencia cardíaca fue la medicación irregular, el exceso de ingesta de sal en la dieta y el esfuerzo físico. Conclusiones. La principal causa de descompensación cardíaca fue la medicación irregular, seguida del exceso en la ingesta de sal en la dieta, como así también el esfuerzo físico. La mayoría de los pacientes presentaba un buen esquema de tratamiento previo al cuadro de descompensación, pero era administrado de manera irregular.

Background. Heart failure is a high prevalence process at present and a public health problem reaching epidemic proportions and leads to progressive and severe deterioration of the patient. Imbalance causes are various but may vary with each region. Objectives. To determine the causes of cardiac decompensation in adult patients. Material and methods. Observational, descriptive, prospective, cross-sectional study. Patients were included with a diagnosis of heart failure and hospitalized in the services of Internal Medicine and Cardiology at the National Hospital of Itauguá (Paraguay) from March to November 2015. Results. Hundred ten patients were included, most of them were males with incomplete basic education. The major cause of heart failure decompensation was irregular medication, excess salt intake in the diet and physical effort. Conclusions. The leading cause of cardiac decompensation was irregular medication, followed by excess salt intake in the diet, as well as physical effort. Most patients had a good treatment schedule before decompensation, but was administered irregularly.

Introdução. A insuficiência cardíaca é um processo de alta prevalência no presente e um problema de Saúde Pública alcançando proporções de epidemia e leva à deterioração progressiva e grave do paciente. As causas de descompensação são diversas, mas pode variar de acordo com cada região. Objetivos. Determinar as causas de descompensação cardíaca em pacientes adultos. Material e métodos. Estudo observacional, descritivo, prospectivo e transversal. Foram incluídos pacientes diagnosticados com insuficiência cardíaca internados nos Serviços de Clínica Médica e de Cardiologia no Hospital Nacional de Itauguá (Paraguai) entre Março e Novembro de 2015. Resultados. Foram incluídos 110 pacientes, a maioria deles do sexo masculino com a educação escolar básica incompleta. Observou-se que a principal causa de descompensação da insuficiência cardíaca era irregular medicação, o consumo de sal em excesso na dieta e esforço físico. Conclusões. A principal causa da descompensação cardíaca foi medicação irregular, seguido pelo consumo de excesso de sal na dieta, bem como o esforço físico. A maioria dos pacientes tinha um bom esquema de tratamento, antes de descompensação, mas foi executado de forma irregular.

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FUNDAMENTO: Há evidências de que a suspensão do betabloqueador (BB) na descompensação cardíaca pode aumentar mortalidade. A dobutamina (dobuta) é o inotrópico mais utilizado na descompensação, no entanto, BB e dobuta atuam no mesmo receptor com ações antagônicas, e o uso concomitante dos dois fármacos poderia dificultar a compensação. OBJETIVO: Avaliar se a manutenção do BB associado à dobuta dificulta a compensação cardíaca. MÉTODOS: Estudados 44 pacientes com FEVE < 45 por cento e necessidade de inotrópico. Divididos em três grupos de acordo com o uso de BB. Grupo A (n=8): os que não usavam BB na admissão; Grupo B (n=25): os que usavam BB, porém foi suspenso para iniciar a dobuta; Grupo C (n=11): os que usaram BB concomitante à dobuta. Para comparação dos grupos, foram utilizados os testes t de Student, exato de Fisher e qui-quadrado. Considerado significante p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: FEVE média de 23,8 ± 6,6 por cento. O tempo médio do uso de dobuta foi semelhante nos três grupos (p=0,35), e o uso concomitante da dobuta com o BB não aumentou o tempo de internação (com BB 20,36 ± 11,04 dias vs sem BB 28,37 ± 12,76 dias, p=NS). Na alta, a dose do BB foi superior nos pacientes em que a medicação não foi suspensa (35,8 ± 16,8 mg/dia vs 23,0 ± 16,7 mg/dia, p=0,004). CONCLUSÃO: A manutenção do BB associado à dobuta não aumentou o tempo de internação e não foi acompanhada de pior evolução. Os pacientes que não suspenderam o BB tiveram alta com doses mais elevadas do medicamento.

BACKGROUND: There is evidence that the suspension of betablockers (BB) in decompensated heart failure may increase mortality. Dobutamine (dobuta) is the most commonly used inotrope in decompensation, however, BB and dobuta act with the same receptor with antagonist actions, and concurrent use of both drugs could hinder compensation. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether the maintenance of BB associated with dobuta difficults cardiac compensation. METHODS: We studied 44 patients with LVEF < 45 percent and the need for inotropics. Divided into three groups according to the use of BB. Group A (n=8): those who were not using BB at baseline; Group B (n=25): those who used BB, but was suspended to start dobuta; Group C (n = 11): those who used BB concomitant to dobuta. To compare groups, we used the Student t, Fisher exact and chi-square tests. Considered significant if p < 0.05. RESULTS: Mean LVEF 23.8 ± 6.6 percent. The average use of dobuta use was similar in all groups (p = 0.35), and concomitant use of dobutamine with BB did not increase the length of stay (BB 20.36 ± 11.04 days vs without BB 28.37 ± 12.76 days, p = NS). In the high dose, BB was higher in patients whose medication was not suspended (35.8 ± 16.8 mg/day vs 23.0 ± 16.7 mg/day, p = 0.004). CONCLUSION: Maintaining BB associated with dobutamine did not increase the length of hospitalization and was not associated with the worst outcome. Patients who did not suspend BB were discharged with higher doses of the drug.

FUNDAMENTO: Hay evidencias de que la suspensión del betabloqueante (BB) en la descompensación cardíaca puede aumentar la mortalidad. La dobutamina (dobuta) es el inotrópico más utilizado en la descompensación, mientras tanto, BB y dobuta actúan en el mismo receptor con acciones antagónicas, y el uso concomitante de los dos fármacos podría dificultar la compensación. OBJETIVO: Evaluar si la manutención del BB asociado a la dobuta dificulta la compensación cardíaca. MÉTODOS: Estudiados 44 pacientes con FEVI < 45 por ciento y necesidad de inotrópico. Divididos en tres grupos de acuerdo con el uso de BB. Grupo A (n=8): los que no usaban BB en la admisión; Grupo B (n=25): los que usaban BB, sin embargo fue suspendido para iniciar la dobuta; Grupo C (n=11): los que usaron BB concomitantemente a la dobuta. Para comparación de los grupos, fueron utilizados los test t de Student, exacto de Fisher y qui-cuadrado. Considerado significante P < 0,05. RESULTADOS: FEVI media de 23,8±6,6 por ciento. El tiempo medio de uso de dobuta fue semejante en los tres grupos (p=0,35), y el uso concomitante de la dobuta con el BB no aumentó el tiempo de internación (con BB 20,36 ± 11,04 días vs sin BB 28,37 ± 12,76 días, p=NS). En el alta, la dosis del BB fue superior en los pacientes en que la medicación no fue suspendida (35,8 ± 16,8 mg/día vs 23,0 ± 16,7 mg/día, p=0,004). CONCLUSIÓN: La manutención del BB asociado a la dobuta no aumentó el tiempo de internación y no fue acompañada de peor evolución. Los pacientes que no suspendieron el BB tuvieron alta con dosis más elevadas del medicamento.

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