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Abstract: This paper evaluates the physicochemical and biological properties of experimental resin-based dual-cured calcium aluminate (CA) and calcium titanate (CTi) materials for vital pulp therapy (VPT). The experimental dual-cured materials were obtained as two pastes: a) Bis-EMA 10, PEG 400, DHEPT, EDAB, camphorquinone, and butylated hydroxytoluene; and b) fluoride ytterbium, Bis-EMA 10, Bis-EMA 30, benzoyl peroxide, and butylated hydroxytoluene. The materials were divided into six groups based on the added calcium component: MTA (MTA®, Angelus); CLQ (Clinker-Fillapex®, Angelus); CA (calcined at ,1200°C in pastes a and b); CA800 (calcined at 800°C in paste a); CA1200 (calcined at 1,200°C in paste a); and CTi (paste a). The real-time degree of conversion and rate of polymerization (n = 3), diametral tensile strength (n = 10), hydrogen potential (n = 15), calcium ion release (n = 10), water sorption and solubility (n = 10), and cell viability (n = 6) were evaluated. One- and two-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test were used in the analysis of the parametric data, and Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's multiple tests were used to analyze the nonparametric data (α = 0.05). CLQ, CA800 and CA1200 had the highest diametral tensile strength. The water solubility of MTA was similar to that of CA800, CA1200 and CTi. CA800 and CA1200 resulted in cell viabilities similar to those of MTA and CLQ. The experimental dual-cured CA-based material that calcined at 800°C showed physicochemical and biological properties suitable for VPT, and similar to those of MTA.

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Justificativa /objetivos: A pulpotomia é uma terapia pulpar conservadora que visa manter a vitalidade da polpa sem a necessidade de procedimentos mais radicais como a pulpectomia ou exodontia. O objetivo desta revisão foi fornecer uma síntese da literatura avaliando a eficácia clínica e radiográfica do uso de hipoclorito de sódio (NaOCl) na pulpotomia de dentes decíduos e compará-lo com outros materiais utilizados para este procedimento. Metodologia: As buscas bibliográficas foram realizadas nas bases de dados Medline via PubMed, Medline via Ovid, Scopus, Lilacs, Embase, Biblioteca Cochrane e Web of Sciences. A busca na literatura cinzenta também foi realizada no Google Scholar, OpenGray, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) e ProQuest. Foram incluídos ensaios clínicos randomizados, ensaios clínicos não randomizados e estudos de coorte nos quais a pulpotomia em dentes decíduos com hipoclorito de sódio era comparada com a pulpotomia em dentes decíduos com outros materiais. Não foram colocadas restrições quanto ao idioma ou data de publicação ao pesquisar nas bases de dados eletrônicas. Os dados foram agrupados e analisados descritivamente. A avaliação qualitativa foi realizada de acordo com a ferramenta Cochrane de risco de viés. Foi utilizado o Rob-2 para ensaios clínicos randomizados, o ROBINS-I para ensaios clínicos não randomizados e a Escala de Newcastle-Ottawa para estudos de coorte. No software RevMan, foram realizadas meta-análises incorporando estudos metodologicamente homogêneos. Desfechos dicotômicos foram usados e incluíram sucesso clínico e radiográfico. O I2 foi utilizado para calcular a heterogeneidade dos estudos. Os resultados foram fornecidos em odds ratio e intervalo de confiança. Resultados: Um total de 2654 estudos foram inicialmente identificados por meio de buscas eletrônicas. Após descarte das duplicatas e leitura dos títulos e resumos dos artigos selecionados, 19 estudos foram considerados para leitura do texto completo. Após a leitura do texto completo, 14 estudos preencheram os critérios de elegibilidade. Foram incluídos 12 artigos na meta-análise. Em relação aos sucessos clínicos e radiográficos, não houve diferença significativa entre a pulpotomia com NaOCl e a pulpotomia com formocresol, sulfato férrico, MTA e soro fisiológico. A maioria dos ensaios clínicos randomizados apresentou problemas metodológicos que levaram a uma classificação de médio risco de viés. Todos os ensaios clínicos não randomizados foram classificados com alto risco de viés. Já em relação aos estudos de coorte, todos os dois estudos foram considerados com evidência forte. Conclusão: Os resultados deste estudo apontam que o NaOCl não difere de outros medicamentos como formocresol, sulfato férrico, MTA e soro fisiológico, no sucesso clínico e radiográfico da pulpotomia de dentes decíduos.

Rationale/Objectives: Pulpotomy is a conservative pulp therapy that aims to maintain the vitality of the pulp without the need for more radical procedures such as pulpectomy or extraction. The aim of this review was to provide a synthesis of the literature evaluating the clinical and radiographic efficacy of the use of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in pulpotomy of primary teeth and to compare it with other materials used for this procedure. Methodology: Bibliographic searches were performed in Medline via PubMed, Medline via Ovid, Scopus, Lilacs, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Sciences. The gray literature search was also performed on Google Scholar, OpenGray, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), and ProQuest. Randomized clinical trials, non-randomized clinical trials, and cohort studies in which pulpotomy in primary teeth with sodium hypochlorite was compared with pulpotomy in primary teeth with other materials were included. No restrictions were placed on language or publication date when searching electronic databases. Data were grouped and analyzed descriptively. Qualitative assessment was performed according to the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Rob-2 was used for randomized clinical trials, ROBINS-I for non-randomized clinical trials and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for cohort studies. In the RevMan software, meta-analyses were performed incorporating methodologically homogeneous studies. Dichotomous outcomes were used and included clinical and radiographic success. The I2 was used to calculate the heterogeneity of the studies. Results were given in odds ratio and confidence interval. Results: A total of 2654 studies were initially identified through electronic searches. After discarding duplicates and reading the titles and abstracts of the selected articles, 19 studies were considered for reading the full text. After reading the full text, 14 studies met the eligibility criteria. Twelve articles were included in the metaanalysis. Regarding clinical and radiographic successes, there was no significant difference between pulpotomy with NaOCl and pulpotomy with formocresol, ferric sulfate, MTA and saline solution. Most randomized controlled trials had methodological problems that led to a classification of medium risk of bias. All non-randomized clinical trials were classified as having high risk of bias. As for the cohort studies, all two studies were considered to have strong evidence. Conclusion: The results of this study show that NaOCl does not differ from other drugs such as formocresol, ferric sulfate, MTA and saline solution, in the clinical and radiographic success of pulpotomy in primary teeth.

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Abstract Objective: The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at evaluating the efficacy of laser's treatment of exposed pulps to stimulate healing. Material and Methods: MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, ISI, Google Scholar have been searched as the electronic databases for performing systematic literature between 2005 to 2019. Searches were performed with MESH terms. The quality of the studies included was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program checklist. For Data extraction, two reviewers blind and independently extracted data from the abstract and full text of the studies included. Moreover, the fixed-effect model's odds ratio for a 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated. Random effects were used to deal with potential heterogeneity, and I2 showed heterogeneity. The meta-analysis and forest plots have been evaluated using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Stata. Results: Five studies (3 RCTs and 2 animal studies) were included in this study. The Odds Ratio was 1.90 (95% CI 1.39-2.42; p=0.00); there was a statistically significant difference between the laser and the control groups (p=0.00). Conclusion: The success rate of laser treatment for exposed pulps is higher than mineral trioxide aggregate, resin, calcium hydroxide and resin-modified glass-ionomer cement. The exact mechanism of this effect has not yet been determined; further research on lasers' impact on exposed pulps treatment is required.

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Objetivos: Evaluar la prevalencia y severidad de las consecuencias de la caries dental no tratada empleando el índice PUFA/pufa en preescolares y escolares de instituciones educativas públicas en una población urbano marginal del Callao. Material y métodos: El estudio fue descriptivo y observacional. Se empleó una base de datos generada que fue procesada con el programa Epi Info® y se exportó al programa estadístico IBM SPSS Statistics v. 19,0 (SPSS Inc.). Se realizó el análisis univariado y bivariado. Resultados: Se evaluaron 1085 niños entre 3 y 16 años. La mayor proporción fue del sexo masculino 557 (51,34%). La frecuencia del índice PUFA/pufa fue 25,71% y el promedio fue de 0,63 ± 1,48. El componente P+p representa el 24,70%, siendo las piezas deciduas las de mayor prevalencia. El grupo de 6-7 años y 8-10 años tuvieron la mayor frecuencia. El maxilar inferior fue el más afectado. Conclusiones: Las consecuencias clínicas de caries no tratada en la población estudiada son altamente frecuentes y severas.

Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence and severity of the consequences of untreated dental caries using the PUFA/pufa index in preschool and school children of public educational institutions in a marginal urban population of Callao. Material and methods: the study was descriptive and observational. A database was used and processed with the Epi Info® program and exported to the statistical program IBM SPSS Statistics v. 19.0 (SPSS Inc.). The univariate and bivariate analysis were performed. Results: 1085 children between 3 and 16 years old were evaluated. The highest proportion was male 557 (51.34%). The frequency of the PUFA/pufa index was 25.71% and the average was 0.63 ± 1.48. The P + p component represents 24.70%, the deciduous teeth was the most prevalent. The group of 6-7 and 8-10 years had the highest frequency. The lower jaw was the most affected. Conclusions: The clinical consequences of untreated caries in the studied population are highly frequent and severe.

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La caries dental es la causa principal por la que se realizan tratamientos de conducto, sin embargo existen procedimientos de protección pulpar para el manejo de lesiones cariosas profundas, que ayudan en la recuperación del tejido pulpar. Uno de los procedimientos es el tratamiento expectante, éste va a ser efectivo en preservar la pulpa que podría ser expuesta durante la remoción de caries profunda donde no hay signos clínicos que indiquen pulpitis irreversible. El tratamiento expectante, al ser en dos etapas tiene como objetivo detener el avance de la lesión cariosa, minimizar la dentina cariada retenida y permitirle a la pulpa recuperarse generando dentina reparativa para evitar cualquier exposición pulpar en una segunda sesión. Se describe el manejo de lesiones cariosas profundas en molar permanente joven mediante el tratamiento expectante a través de un reporte de caso. Paciente femenino de 15 años presenta dolor provocado a los cambios térmicos en el segundo molar inferior izquierdo. Las radiografías revelaron lesión cariosa profunda, clasificación R4 de Pitts, ausencia de radiolucidez apical y espacio del ligamento periodontal normal. A la prueba objetiva de diagnóstico con frío, se observó respuesta positiva, diagnosticándose Pulpitis Reversible. Basado en estos hallazgos se decide mantener la vitalidad pulpar y realizar el tratamiento expectante. El tratamiento expectante constó de dos fases, en la primera se retiró el tejido cariado de paredes y piso, dejándose dentina afectada y se colocó hidróxido de calcio seguido de una restauración temporal. En la segunda fase, 6 meses después, tras confirmar el mantenimiento de la vitalidad pulpar y formación de puente dentinario, se reabrió la cavidad y se colocó la restauración definitiva con resina compuesta. Se realizaron dos controles posteriores, el primero 12 meses después de iniciado el tratamiento y el segundo 60 meses después...

Dental caries is one of the main reasons to perform root canal treatments; however there are procedures to protect the pulp in case of deep caries lesions. During caries removal pulp tissue could be exposed, so stepwise excavation is one procedure which will be effective in pulp preservation. Stepwise excavation consists of two stages, its purpose is stop caries progression, change cariogenic environment and allow the pulp recover generating reparative dentine to avoid pulp exposure in a second visit. Below we describe the management of deep carious lesions in a young permanent molar treated with stepwise excavation. A 15-year-old female patient with cause pain due to thermal changes in second inferior left molar, X-Rays revealed deep caries lesion, R4 Pitts ́s classification, no signs of apical radiolucency or widening of the periodontal ligament space. Presents positive response to sensibility test with cold so Reversible Pulpitis is diagnosed, because of these findings it was decided to keep pulp vitality and perform stepwise excavation. This procedure consists in two phases: the first one is taking out the caries lesion from walls and floor, leaving affected dentin and placed calcium hidroxyde paste over, followed by a temporal restoration with glass ionomer. The second phase is six months later, once pulp vitality is confirmed and dentinal bridge is formed, so the cavity is reopened and definitive restoration is placed with composite resin.Two subsequent check-ups were carried out, the first one 12 months after stepwise excavation had been performed and the second control was 60 months later, clinical and radiographic controls were performed in both controls and no pathology was found considering the treatment as effective.

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Purpose: This study histologically evaluated the reaction of tooth pulp to treatment with calcium hydroxide in distilled water preceded by a corticosteroid (Decadron) or corticosteroid/antibiotic (Otosporin) dressing. Methods: Calcium hydroxide solution was applied to exposed tooth pulp for 5 min or for 72 h, using a sample of 120 molars of rats; histological examination was performed 7, 14, 30 and 60 days after treatment. Results: A mild inflammatory reaction was observed at 7 and 14 days whether the dressings were used for 5 min or for 72 h. When the corticosteroid/antibiotic dressing was used for 5 min, the tissue reaction and the mineralized barrier formed at 30 and 60 days were similar to those of animals in the control group. Use of the corticosteroid dressing for 5 min or 72 h or the corticosteroid/antibiotic dressing for 72 h delayed healing of the pulp tissue. Conclusion: Temporary dressings resulted in a milder inflammatory reaction during the early postoperative period. The tissue reaction and the quality of the barrier formed when the Otosporin temporary dressing was applied for 5 min were similar in the experimental and the control groups at longer postoperative periods. Temporary dressings of Decadron applied for 5 min or 72 h or Otosporin applied for 72 h caused a slight retardation of the healing process of the tissue that was apparent 30 days after the intervention.

Objetivo: Avaliar a reação pulpar à pasta de hidróxido de cálcio em água destilada, precedida de curativo de corticosteróide (Decadron) ou corticosteróide/antibiótico (Otosporin) por 5 min ou 72 h. Metodologia: Em 120 polpas de dentes de ratos expostas, a análise histológica foi realizada após 7, 14, 30 e 60 dias de cada tratamento. Resultados: Nos períodos iniciais observou-se leve reação inflamatória quando os curativos foram aplicados por 5 min ou 72 h. A reação tecidual e a barreira formada sob ação do hidróxido de cálcio após o curativo de Otosporin por 5 min foram semelhantes àquelas do grupo controle aos 30 e 60 dias. Os curativos de demora com Decadron por 5 min e 72 h e Otosporin por 72 h promoveram retardo no processo de reparação. Conclusão: Os curativos de demora promoveram reação inflamatória mais suave nos períodos iniciais de análise. A reação tecidual e a qualidade da barreira formada sob a ação do Otosporin por 5 min foram semelhantes àquelas do grupo controle nos períodos pós-operatórios mais longos. Os curativos de demora com Decadron por 5 min e 72 h e Otosporin por 72 h promoveram ligeiro retardo no processo de reparação tecidual a partir de 30 dias.

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Diante da importância da preservação da vitalidade de um dente com exposição pulpar, avaliou-se histologicamente a reação tecidual de polpas de dentes de ratos expostas, à pasta de hidróxido de cálcio em água destilada, precedida de curativo de corticosteróide (Decadron) ou corticosteróide/antibiótico (Otosporin) por 5 minutos ou 72 horas. A proteção pulpar com pasta de hidróxido de cálcio, sem curativo prévio, foi utilizada como grupo controle. Foram utilizados 60 ratos, os quais tiveram os primeiros molares superiores tratados. Decorridos os períodos pós-operatórios de 7, 14, 30 e 60 dias, os animais foram sacrificados, as peças removidas, e preparadas para análise histológica. Observou-se, nos períodos iniciais, uma leve reação inflamatória quando os curativos de demora com corticosteróide (Decadron) ou corticosteróide/antibiótico (Otosporin) foram aplicados por 5 minutos ou 72 horas. A reação tecidual e a barreira formada sob ação do hidróxido de cálcio após o curativo de Otosporin por 5 minutos foi semelhante aquelas do grupo controle (hidróxido de cálcio sem curativo) nos períodos pós-operatórios de 30 e 60 dias. Os curativos de demora com corticosteróide (Decadron) por 5 minutos e 72 horas e corticosteróide/antibiótico (Otosporin) por 72 horas promoveram um retardo no processo de reparação. Concluiu-se que no tecido pulpar livre de inflamação e contaminação, a aplicação do curativo de demora com corticosteróide ou com corticosteróide/antibiótico, antes da proteção com a pasta de hidróxido de cálcio em água destilada pode ser dispensada

Because of the importance of the pulp vitality when it is exposed, the aim of this study was to evaluate histologically the tissue reaction to the calcium hydroxide in distilled water, preceded by a corticosteroid or corticosteroid/antibiotic dressing, applied to the exposed pulp for 5 minutes or 72 hours. The calcium hydroxide paste, without previous dressing, was used as a control group. One hundred and twenty first upper molars of rats were used. After the postoperative periods of 7, 14, 30 and 60 days, the animals were sacrificed, the pieces containing the teeth were removed and prepared for histological examination. It was observed a light inflammatory reaction, at 7 and 14 days, when the corticosteroid or corticosteroid/antibiotic dressing was used for 5 minutes or 72 hours. When the corticosteroid/antibiotic dressing was used for 5 minutes, the tissue reaction and the mineralized barrier formed at 30 and 60 days, were similar to those observed in the control group. The corticosteroid dressing for 5 minutes or 72 hours and the corticosteroid/antibiotic dressing for 72 hours, delayed the healing process of the pulp tissue. It was conclued that in exposed pulps without inflammation or contamination, the corticosteroid or corticosteroid/antibiotic dressing is not a necessary procedure before the capping with calcium hydroxide paste

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