RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) for dislocated hips (Crowe IV dysplasia) presents unique challenges. Conventional approaches involve subtrochanteric osteotomies, but are complex with additional fixation and potentially lead to limb length discrepancies, nerve palsies, and other complications. An alternative strategy is a staged approach, where the femoral head (or remnant) is gradually lowered (distraction technique) to align with the true acetabulum over a period of time, followed by a second-stage anatomically acetabular-positioned THA. External fixation distraction and telescoping internal lengthening devices have been utilized to achieve preoperative alignment. We evaluated these techniques, including the types, time, and amount of distraction needed, as well as outcomes and complication rates. METHODS: In this retrospective case series, 14 patients (9 women, 5 men), who had a mean age of 32 years (range, 16 to 67), underwent staged surgical interventions using hip distraction using external fixators or internal lengthening devices for hip dysplasia and other pathologies (Perthes disease, osteonecrosis) in preparation for a second-stage anatomically placed THA. The mean follow-up duration for external-fixation patients was 10 years (range, 6.5 to 13.4). RESULTS: Staged treatment involved external fixators (n = 8) or internal lengthening devices (n = 6) with a device placement mean of 48 days (range, 42 to 71). The amount of distraction ranged from 6 to 12 cm. There were 2 patients who required uncomplicated revision of the internal lengthening devices, and another patient had a temporary peroneal nerve palsy. There was 1 patient who underwent an acetabular revision at 7 years. CONCLUSIONS: We focused on a challenging patient cohort that emphasizes the efficacy of staged interventions in managing Crowe Type IV dysplasia and similar cases. Favorable outcomes were found with the immediate transition to THA after device removal that effectively addressed soft-tissue contractures and femoral migration. Despite the need for further validation via larger, prospective studies, this innovative approach may pave the way toward optimizing this strategy for these difficult hip pathologies.
Asunto(s)
Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Cadera , Osteogénesis por Distracción , Humanos , Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Cadera/instrumentación , Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Cadera/métodos , Femenino , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Adolescente , Anciano , Osteogénesis por Distracción/instrumentación , Osteogénesis por Distracción/métodos , Adulto Joven , Resultado del Tratamiento , Displasia del Desarrollo de la Cadera/cirugía , Fijadores Externos , Acetábulo/cirugía , Articulación de la Cadera/cirugíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The complexity of femoral and acetabular anatomy and restoring anatomic center of hip rotation in Crowe type IV developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) complicates standard reconstruction. The aim of this study is to evaluate surgical techniques and clinical outcomes of subtrochanteric transverse shortening osteotomy with the use of cementless rectangular cross-section femoral implants in Crowe IV dysplastic hips. METHODS: A total of 26 hips of 25 consecutive patients with Crowe type IV DDH who underwent cementless total hip arthroplasty with subtrochanteric femoral transverse shortening osteotomy were retrospectively analyzed. The Harris Hip Score, Visual Analog Scale-pain, leg length discrepancy, and vertical and lateral migration of hip rotation center were recorded. RESULTS: Mean age, follow-up, and time of union were 41 ± 9.7 years, 7.1 ± 1.2 years, and 3.7 ± 1.1 months, respectively. Mean Harris Hip Score significantly improved from 38 ± 5.7 to 86 ± 6.1 points postoperatively (P < .01). Mean leg length discrepancy and Visual Analog Scale significantly decreased from 4.3 ± 1.3 to 1.2 ± 0.6 cm, and 6.4 ± 1.2 to 1.8 ± 0.8 points, respectively (P < .01). One female patient had a dislocation due to acetabular liner wear, which was managed by liner and head change. One patient had Sudeck's atrophy, while another had pain on the lateral thigh, both of which were resolved with conservative management. CONCLUSIONS: Combined transverse subtrochanteric femoral osteotomy and cementless total hip arthroplasty with rectangular cross-section femoral implants is technically demanding, effective, and safe in femoral shortening for treatment of Crowe type IV DDH.
RESUMEN
Background: Crowe type IV developmental dysplasia of hip (DDH), subtrochanteric shortening osteotomy is required to restore the hip joint. Several approaches have been described for subtrochanteric shortening osteotomy. Several osteotomy fixation techniques have been defined for Crowe type IV DDH. This study evaluates the outcomes of subtrochanteric shortening osteotomy fixed with a combination of split onlay autograft and distal fluted femoral stem. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was carried out on 41 hips of 37 patients treated with total hip replacement for Crowe type IV developmental dysplasia of the hip by subtrochanteric transverse osteotomy and fixed with split intercalary autograft by two cables. A femoral stem with proximal coated and distally fluted was used. The patients were evaluated at a mean of 34 months (range 12-68 months) for union time, leg equalization, and clinical outcomes. Results: Mean time of union was 13.5 ± 4.6 weeks (range 6-24 weeks). Intraoperative instability of the osteotomy site (n = 16) that was encountered at the trial stage was restored properly by this surgical protocol. Leg length discrepancies were improved to 1.4 ± 0.8 cm (range 0-3 cm). Harris scores were improved from 47.7 ± 10.8 (range 30-68) to 88 ± 5.6 (range 72-98) (P < 0.05) points. There was no nonunion. Conclusions: Distally well-fitted stem and strengthening of fixation with split intercalary autograft promote additional rotational stability and improve bone union.
RESUMEN
Introducción: La reconstrucción del centro de rotación anatómico es uno de los propósitos principales en la displasia del desarrollo de la cadera de grado IV de Crowe. La osteotomía de acortamiento subtrocantérica ha surgido como una alternativa para lograr esta reconstrucción. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar los resultados clínicos y radiológicos, y las complicaciones con esta técnica quirúrgica. Materiales y Métodos: Se evaluaron 10 casos en 8 pacientes con displasia del desarrollo de la cadera de grado IV sometidos a osteotomía de acortamiento subtrocantérica. Todos eran mujeres (edad promedio 42 años; rango 36-55); 6 casos eran unilaterales y 2, bilaterales. La discrepancia de longitud de miembros inferiores preoperatoria era, en promedio, de 41 mm. El abordaje fue posterolateral. En 7 casos, se implantaron tallos no cementados modulares de fijación metafisaria y, en 3 casos, tallos cementados pulido espejo. Resultados: A los 38 meses de seguimiento promedio (rango 12-63), todas las osteotomías tenían consolidación radiológica. El centro de rotación posoperatorio descendió 42 mm en promedio (rango 35-52). La discrepancia de longitud promedio posoperatoria fue de 6 mm (rango 3-12). Las complicaciones fueron: un aflojamiento femoral aséptico, una subluxación por alteración de la anteversión femoral, una luxación, una infección aguda y una neuropraxia crural. Conclusiones: En estos pacientes con displasia del desarrollo de la cadera de grado IV de Crowe operados con la técnica de osteotomía de acortamiento subtrocantérica, observamos una alta tasa de consolidación, una implantación anatómica del centro de rotación y una compensación de la discrepancia en la longitud de los miembros. Nivel de evidencia: IV.
Introduction: The reconstruction of the anatomic center of rotation is one of the main purposes in Crowe type-IV developmental dysplasia of the hip. Subtrochanteric shortening osteotomy has emerged as an alternative to achieve this reconstruction. The aim of this paper is to analyze the clinical and radiological results, as well as the complications with this surgical technique. Methods: Ten cases were evaluated in 8 patients with Crowe type-IV developmental hip dysplasia who underwent subtrochanteric shortening osteotomy. All were female, 6 cases were unilateral and 2 bilateral. The average age was 42.2 years (range 36-55). Preoperative lower limb discrepancy was on average 41 mm. Posterolateral approach was used in all patients. Uncemented stems with modular metaphyseal fixation were implanted in 7 cases and polished cemented stems in 3 cases. Results: At an average follow-up of 38 months (range 12-63), all the cases showed radiological healed osteotomies. The postoperative center of rotation diminished an average of 42 mm (range 35-52 mm). Postoperative limb discrepancy was 6 mm (range 3-12 mm). Complications were: one aseptic femoral loosening, one subluxation due to excessive femoral anteversion, one dislocation, one acute infection and one acute femoral neuropraxia. Conclusions: In these patients with Crowe type-IV developmental dysplasia of the hip, subtrochanteric shortening osteotomy technique was associated with a high rate of consolidation, correction of the center of rotation, and limb lenght compensation. Level of evidence: IV.