RESUMEN

Black trumpet (Craterellus cornucopioides) is a mushroom present in many countries but underestimated. The aim of this publication is to present the latest state of knowledge about the chemical composition and bioactivity of C. cornucopioides and the possibility of its application in food. According to researchers, black trumpet is very rich in nutritional compounds, including unsaturated fatty acids (mainly oleic and linoleic acids), ß-glucans, minerals, and vitamins as well as polyphenols and tannins. It also contains compounds influencing the sensory properties, like free amino acids and nucleotides as well as sugars and polyols, mainly mannitol. Many of the described components show high nutritional and bioactive properties. Therefore, C. cornucopioides shows antioxidant activity and immunostimulating, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects as well as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antihyperglycemic effects. This makes black trumpet, also called horn of plenty, a mushroom with great potential for use both in medicine and directly in food. So far, black trumpet is not widely used in food, especially processed food. There are only a few studies on the use of dried black trumpet in sausages, but there is great potential for its use in food.

Asunto(s)

Valor Nutritivo , Humanos , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Agaricales/química , Promoción de la Salud/métodos , Polifenoles/análisis , Polifenoles/farmacología , beta-Glucanos/farmacología , Alimentos Funcionales

RESUMEN

Nutraceuticals represent an emerging and dynamic scientific field due to their important potential in integrated healthcare through nutritional and medicinal approaches that interact and complement each other mutually. In an attempt to find new sources for such preparations, the present research focuses on the species Craterellus cornucopioides (L.) Pers. (Cantharellaceae), also known as the black trumpet. This wild mushroom species is renowned for its culinary excellence and unique taste and is used especially in a dehydrated state. However, beyond its gastronomic value, recent scientific investigations have revealed its potential as a source of bioactive compounds with pharmaceutical and therapeutic significance. Our study aimed, therefore, to review the current data regarding the morphology, chemical profile, and medicinal potential of the black trumpet mushroom, highlighting its unique attributes. By conducting a comprehensive literature analysis, this paper contributes to the broader understanding of this remarkable fungal species as a potential functional food and its promising applications in the field of therapeutics.

Asunto(s)

Agaricales , Basidiomycota , Basidiomycota/química , Agaricales/química , Suplementos Dietéticos

RESUMEN

In this study, we investigated the structural features of the polysaccharide obtained from Craterellus cornucopioides (CCP2) by high-performance liquid chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ion chromatography. The results showed that CCP2 was a catenarian pyranose that principally comprised of mannose, galactose, glucose, and xylose in the ratio of 1.86: 1.57: 1.00: 1.14, with a molecular weight of 8.28 × 104 Da. Moreover, the immunoregulation effect of CCP2 was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. It displayed a remarkable immunological activity and activation in RAW264.7 cells by enhancing the phagocytosis of macrophages in a dose-dependent manner without showing cytotoxicity at the concentrations of 10-200 µg/mL in vitro. Additionally, Histopathological analysis indicated the protective function of CCP2 against immunosuppression induced by cyclophosphamide (Cy). Meanwhile, the intake of CCP2 had better immunoregulatory activity for immunosuppression BALB/c mice model. After prevention by CCP2, the spleen and thymus weight indexes of BALB/c mice model were significantly increased. The RT-qPCR and Western Blot results provided comprehensive evidence that the CCP2 could activate macrophages by enhancing the production of cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, and IL-8) and upregulating the protein expression of cell membrane receptor TLR4 and its downstream protein kinase (TRAF6, TRIF, and NF-κB p65) production of immunosuppressive mice through TLR4-NFκB p65 pathway. The results demonstrated that CCP2 could be a potential prebiotic and might provide meaningful information for further research on the immune mechanism.

RESUMEN

Immunocytes-involved inflammation is considered to modulate the damage in various diseases. Oxidative stress is initiated by oxidative agents such as LPS and ROS, which are strongly involved in chronic inflammation. Our previous study found that a polysaccharide fraction from Craterellus cornucopioides (CCPP-1) showed good antioxidant activity. However, the anti-inflammatory effect of CCPP-1 was still elusive. The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of CCPP-1 and its potential mechanism in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. The results showed that CCPP-1 could inhibit LPS-induced ROS and NO accumulation. Additionally, CCPP-1 could decrease pro-inflammatory cytokines production (TNF-α, IL-1ß, and IL-18) and inflammatory mediator (iNOS) expression, which might be associated with its capacity to inhibit NF-κB signaling pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Therefore, this study suggested that CCPP-1 had an ameliorative effect on the inflammation response and was potential to develop into functional food for treating chronic inflammation. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Craterellus cornucopioides is an edible fungus widely distributed in Southwestern China. It was reported that C. cornucopioides polysaccharide (CCPP-1), as important active ingredient, showed good antioxidant activity. However, the anti-inflammatory effect was still elusive. This study showed that CCPP-1 possessed anti-inflammatory activity. The molecular mechanism might be associated with its capacity to inhibit NF-κB signaling pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Therefore, polysaccharides from C. cornucopioides have potential to develop into functional food to combat inflammatory condition and thus indirectly halt the progression of various inflammatory response-related chronic diseases.

RESUMEN

The immunoregulatory effect and immunologic response mechanism of Craterellus cornucopioides (L.) Pers. polysaccharide (CCP) with a triple-helix structure on peritoneal macrophages was investigated in vitro for the first time. These studies demonstrated that treatment of peritoneal macrophages with 80 µg/mL CCP for 48 h significantly strengthened their phagocytic function as well as increases the activities of lysozyme (LZM), acid phosphatase (ACP) and succinodehydrogenase (SDH) when compared with the untreated group. Furthermore, Western Blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assays demonstrated that 80 µg/mL CCP activated macrophages, significantly increased mRNA expression of cytokines (IL-8, IL-1ß, IFN-α and TNF-α) and upregulated the protein expression of cell membrane receptor TLR4, as well as its downstream protein kinase products (MyD88, TAK1, P-IKKα/ß and P-MEK) through activation of the TLR4-NFκB pathway in peritoneal macrophages. In conclusion, these results showed that the immunomodulatory mechanism of CCP in peritoneal macrophages was associated with the release of NO, related enzymes and cytokines by stimulating the NF-κB p50 pathway via TLR4-MyD88-TAK1 signaling.

Asunto(s)

Basidiomycota/química , Polisacáridos Fúngicos/química , Polisacáridos Fúngicos/farmacología , Factores Inmunológicos/química , Factores Inmunológicos/farmacología , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Receptor Toll-Like 4/metabolismo , Animales , Citocinas/metabolismo , Femenino , Mediadores de Inflamación/metabolismo , Macrófagos Peritoneales/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos Peritoneales/metabolismo , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Modelos Biológicos , Fagocitosis/genética , Fagocitosis/inmunología

RESUMEN

In the study, a new triple-helix polysaccharide with favorable stability was purified from C. cornucopioides. Its structural characterization, stability and solution behavior were investigated by the GC-MS, periodate oxidation-smith degradation, FT-IR, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, methylation analysis, Scanning electron microscope, Congo-red, CD, TGA and DSC analysis. The results showed that Craterellus cornucopioide polysaccharide (CCP) possessed the molecular weight of 1.97 × 103 kDa, is mainly composed of mannose (48.73%), galactose (17.37%), glucose (15.97%) and xylose (17.93%), respectively. It was a heteroglycan with (1 → 3)­linked­ß­d­Manp­(1 → 6)­linked α­d­Galp backbone distributed by (1 → 4)­linked­α­d­Xylp­t­α­d­Manp and t­ß­d­Glup units at O-6. The result of TGA and DSC assay indicated that CCP has a favorable thermal stability. MTT and Scanning electro microscopy (SEM) assay showed that CCP could significantly improve the proliferation activity and induce cells activation of RAW264.7 in a certain range of concentrations and period.

Asunto(s)

Fenómenos Químicos , Factores Inmunológicos/química , Factores Inmunológicos/farmacología , Macrófagos/citología , Polisacáridos/química , Polisacáridos/farmacología , Agaricales , Animales , Rastreo Diferencial de Calorimetría , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética con Carbono-13 , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Forma de la Célula/efectos de los fármacos , Dicroismo Circular , Rojo Congo , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Metilación , Ratones , Microscopía de Fuerza Atómica , Conformación Molecular , Peso Molecular , Polisacáridos/aislamiento & purificación , Espectroscopía de Protones por Resonancia Magnética , Células RAW 264.7 , Soluciones , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier , Termogravimetría

RESUMEN

A new polysaccharide fraction (CCPP-1) was obtained from Craterellus cornucopioides. CCPP-1 had an average molecular weight of 9.2 × 105 Da, which was mainly composed of mannose, glucose, xylose, arabinose, fructose in molar ratio of 0.7:0.05:0.18:1:0.05. Results of structural characterization revealed that the dominant linkage types of CCPP-1 were →3, 6)-Manp(1→, T-Araf, →4, 6)-Manp (1→, →5)-Araf (1→ and →3)-Araf (1→. Interesting, in vitro antioxidant activities assays showed that CCPP-1 possessed strong scavenging abilities on DPPH and ABTS radicals. The oxidative hemolysis induced by AAPH in mice erythrocytes was effectively reversed by incubation with CCPP-1. CCPP-1 significantly prevented AAPH-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Moreover, CCPP-1 could significantly restore AAPH-induced increase of intracellular antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) activities to normal level, as well as inhibit intracellular malondialdehyde (MDA) formation. Therefore, CCPP-1 could protect against AAPH-induced oxidative-stress in erythrocytes, which would be explored as naturally potential antioxidant agent applied in food and cosmetic fields.

Asunto(s)

Agaricales/química , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Cuerpos Fructíferos de los Hongos/química , Polisacáridos/química , Polisacáridos/farmacología , Amidinas/farmacología , Animales , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Benzotiazoles/química , Compuestos de Bifenilo/química , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética con Carbono-13 , Catalasa/metabolismo , Eritrocitos/citología , Eritrocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Eritrocitos/enzimología , Eritrocitos/metabolismo , Depuradores de Radicales Libres/farmacología , Glutatión Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Masculino , Malondialdehído/metabolismo , Metilación , Ratones , Peso Molecular , Monosacáridos/análisis , Picratos/química , Polisacáridos/ultraestructura , Sustancias Protectoras/farmacología , Espectroscopía de Protones por Resonancia Magnética , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier , Ácidos Sulfónicos/química