RESUMEN
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Cotinus coggygria has a number of applications in traditional medicine most of which are connected with its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. Since inflammation and oxidative stress are recognized as triggering factors for cancer, anti-cancer activity has also been documented and the possible mechanisms of this activity are under investigation. Important components of C. coggygria extracts are shown to be hydrolysable gallotannins of which pentagalloyl-O-glucose has been studied in details. This compound inhibits various enzymes including prolyl oligopeptidase which is involved in tumorigenesis and tumour growth. According to our pilot studies, oligo-O-galloylglucoses with more than five galloyl residues are also presented in the herb of Bulgarian origin, but their activities have not been examined. AIM OF THE STUDY: To establish an extraction method by which it is possible to concentrate high molecular hydrolysable gallotannins from dried leaves of Cotinus coggygria and to determine their inhibitory properties towards prolyl oligopeptidase and fibroblast activation protein α. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Dried leaves of C. coggygria were extracted using different solvents in single-phase or biphasic systems under various extraction conditions. Main compounds of the extracts were identified by using high performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography - high resolution mass spectrometry. The extracts' inhibitory properties towards prolyl oligopeptidase and fibroblast activation protein α were studied on recombinant human enzymes by enzyme kinetic analyses using a fluorogenic substrate. RESULTS: Ethyl acetate/water (pH 3.0) extraction of dried plant leaves proved to be the most efficient method for isolation of high molecular hydrolysable gallotannins which can be further concentrated by precipitation of dicyclohexylammonium salts in ethyl acetate. The main components of those extracts were oligo-O-galloyl glucoses with more than five gallic acid residues. They were shown to inhibit both enzymes studied but were about 30 times more effective inhibitors of prolyl oligopeptidase. CONCLUSIONS: C. coggygria from Bulgarian origin is shown to possess a substantial quantity of oligo-O-galloyl glucoses with more than five gallic acid residues which has not been described thus far in the same herb from other sources. An extraction method useable for concentrating those compounds is established. They are found to inhibit prolyl oligopeptidase with a very good selectivity to fibroblast activation protein α. The previously described antitumor activity of this plant may be at least in part due to the inhibition of the above enzymes which has been shown to participate in the genesis and development of various types of tumors.
Asunto(s)
Anacardiaceae , Taninos Hidrolizables , Humanos , Taninos Hidrolizables/farmacología , Taninos Hidrolizables/análisis , Prolina , Péptido Hidrolasas , Prolil Oligopeptidasas , Anacardiaceae/química , Ácido Gálico/análisis , Extractos Vegetales/química , Hojas de la Planta/químicaRESUMEN
Cotinus coggygria Scop. as a precious landscape shrub and a good afforestation species that is used in the pharmaceutical industry. In this paper, TG-FTIR, TG-DTG, and Py-GC/MS were used to study the biomaterials of Cotinus coggygria used as biofuels and biochemicals under the catalysis of nano-Mo/Fe2O3. The wood powder was extracted using a methanol/benzene solution, and the extract was analyzed by FTIR and GC-MS. The results showed that the pyrolysis products of Cotinus coggygria wood were rich in phenols, alcohols, and biofuels. The metal nano-Mo powder played a catalytic role in the interpretation of the gas in the species, where it accelerates gas products. Metal nano-Fe2O3 has a certain flame-retardant effect on the burning process of Cotinus coggygria wood, and the residual amount of pyrolysis is greater. The contents of the extract Formamide, 1-Hexanol, Levodopa, and 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- are not only widely used industrially but also play an important role in medicine. Cotinus coggygria is therefore an excellent biomaterial for biofuels and biochemicals.
RESUMEN
Current plant-derived anticancer therapeutics aim to reach higher effectiveness, to potentiate chemosensitivity and minimize the toxic side effects compared to conventional chemotherapy. Cotinus coggygria Scop. is a herb with high pharmacological potential, widely applied in traditional phytotherapy. Our previous study revealed that leaf aqueous ethanolic extract from C. coggygria exerts in vitro anticancer activity on human breast, ovarian and cervical cancer cell lines. The objective of the present research was to investigate possible molecular mechanisms and targets of the antitumor activity of the extract in breast cancer MCF7 cells through analysis of cell cycle and apoptosis, clonogenic ability assessment, evaluation of the extract genotoxic capacity, characterization of cells thermodynamic properties, and analysis on the expression of genes involved in cellular epigenetic processes. The obtained results indicated that in MCF7 cells C. coggygria extract causes S phase cell cycle arrest and triggers apoptosis, reduces colony formation, induces DNA damage, affects cellular thermodynamic parameters, and tends to inhibit the relative expression of DNMT1, DNMT3a, MBD3, and p300. Further studies on the targeted molecules and the extract anti-breast cancer potential on animal experimental model system, need to be performed in the future.
Asunto(s)
Anacardiaceae/química , Neoplasias de la Mama/tratamiento farmacológico , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias de la Mama/genética , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Puntos de Control del Ciclo Celular/efectos de los fármacos , ADN (Citosina-5-)-Metiltransferasa 1/genética , ADN (Citosina-5-)-Metiltransferasas/genética , Daño del ADN/efectos de los fármacos , ADN Metiltransferasa 3A , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/genética , Epigénesis Genética/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Células MCF-7 , Extractos Vegetales/química , Hojas de la Planta/químicaRESUMEN
The aim of this study is to determine the cutaneous wound healing effects of the ethanol extract of Cotinus coggygria leaves in rats by excision wound model to provide scientific evidence for the traditional use of C. coggygria Scop. The levels of malondialdehyde, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione and hydroxyproline were investigated in wound tissues. Histopathological examination was also performed. The hydroxyproline content of the granulation tissue and the glutathione levels were both significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control group (p < 0.05 for both); while the malondialdehyde levels were significantly lower in the treatment group (p < 0.05). These results were supported with histological results. The ethanol extract of C. coggygria Scop could be considered as an effective agent in wound healing in accordance with its traditional use.
Asunto(s)
Anacardiaceae/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Cicatrización de Heridas/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Catalasa/metabolismo , Glutatión/metabolismo , Tejido de Granulación/efectos de los fármacos , Tejido de Granulación/metabolismo , Hidroxiprolina/metabolismo , Masculino , Malondialdehído/metabolismo , Hojas de la Planta/química , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismoRESUMEN
Cotinus coggygria Scop. is theAnacardiaceae Cotinus L. plant and used for natural drugs in the treatment of acute icteric infectious hepatitis. The pharmacological research showed thatCotinus coggygria Scop. has the effects of reducing jaundice and enzyme, gallbladder Cholagogic and strengthen immune function. The current research onCotinus coggygria Scop. is still not deep enough, the pharmacological effects ofCotinus coggygria Scop. are mostly limited to the anticoagulant, hemolytic and anti liver chemical injury. In order to better study the scientific connotation of antitumor ofCotinus coggygria Scop., the active ingredient ofCotinus coggygria Scop., pharmacological action and clinical application were reviewed.