RESUMEN

A series of x%Ho3+, 5 %Tm3+, y%Yb3+:Bi2WO6 (x = 0, 0.5, 1, 3, 5; y = 0.5, 1, 3) luminescent materials was prepared using a high-temperature solid-phase method. The microstructure, up-conversion luminescence, and temperature sensing properties of the synthesized powders were analyzed. X-ray diffraction patterns revealed that doping with Ho3+, Tm3+, and Yb3+ ions at certain concentrations did not affect the orthorhombic crystal structure of the Bi2WO6 host. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the morphology of the sample consisted of lumpy particles with a particle size range of 1-5 µm and agglomeration. SEM mapping and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses revealed that each element was relatively uniformly distributed on the particle surface. Under 980 nm excitation (380 mW), the strongest luminescence of the sample was obtained when both Ho3+ and Yb3+ doping concentrations were 1 %. Compared with the luminescence of the 5 %Tm3+ and 1 %Yb3+:Bi2WO6 sample, with increasing Ho3+ concentrations, the luminescence intensity of Tm3+ was first enhanced and subsequently weakened, whereas the luminescence of Ho3+ was significantly weakened, which indicates the positive energy transfer from Ho3+ â†’ Tm3+. At 980 nm (80-380 mW), for the 1 %Ho3+, 5 %Tm3+, and 1 %Yb3+:Bi2WO6 sample, the 538 nm, 545 nm, 660 nm, and 804 nm emission peaks originated from the two-photon absorption. FIR660 nm/804 nm, FIR545 nm/804 nm, and FIR538 nm/804 nm were used to characterize the temperature and corresponded to temperature sensitivities Sr of 0.0046 K-1, 0.022 K-1 and 0.024 K-1 at 573 K, respectively. At 498 K, the minimum temperature resolution δT values were 0.03384 K, 0.03203 K and 0.04373 K. When the temperature increased from 298 K to 573 K, the powder sample luminescence gradually shifted from the yellow-green region to the red region. The results of environmental discoloration and thermochromic performance tests indicate that this sample has potential application in optical anti-counterfeiting. FIR804 nm /660 nm and FIR804 nm /538 nm were obtained for the 40 NTU turbidity suspension under identical excitation conditions. At 298 K, for the 40 NTU turbidity sample, the maximum Sr values were 0.0197 K-1 and 0.0405 K-1; at 340 K, the minimum temperature resolutions δT values were 0.54037 K and 0.66237 K. When the temperature decreased from 340 K to 298 K, the luminescence of the 40 NTU suspension samples gradually shifted from the yellow region to the green region.

RESUMEN

In the quest for effective solutions to address Environ. Pollut. and meet the escalating energy demands, heterojunction photocatalysts have emerged as a captivating and versatile technology. These photocatalysts have garnered significant interest due to their wide-ranging applications, including wastewater treatment, air purification, CO2 capture, and hydrogen generation via water splitting. This technique harnesses the power of semiconductors, which are activated under light illumination, providing the necessary energy for catalytic reactions. With visible light constituting a substantial portion (46%) of the solar spectrum, the development of visible-light-driven semiconductors has become imperative. Heterojunction photocatalysts offer a promising strategy to overcome the limitations associated with activating semiconductors under visible light. In this comprehensive review, we present the recent advancements in the field of photocatalytic degradation of contaminants across diverse media, as well as the remarkable progress made in renewable energy production. Moreover, we delve into the crucial role played by various operating parameters in influencing the photocatalytic performance of heterojunction systems. Finally, we address emerging challenges and propose novel perspectives to provide valuable insights for future advancements in this dynamic research domain. By unraveling the potential of heterojunction photocatalysts, this review contributes to the broader understanding of their applications and paves the way for exciting avenues of exploration and innovation.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification (SNAD) process had received widespread attention as an advanced wastewater treatment process. In this study, the SNAD mainstream nitrogen removal process with the incorporation of polyurethane sponge packing under different C/N conditions was investigated. Results showed that the highest nitrogen removal efficiency of the system was achieved at the C/N of 2.0, while the high C/N (3.5) significantly deteriorate the nitrogen removal efficiency. Meanwhile, high C/N (3.5) significantly inhibited the activity and abundance of anammox bacteria (mainly Candidatus_Kuenenia), resulting in the decreased contribution of anammox (from 63.14 % to 48.09 %). The significant divergence of microbial interactions in the suspended sludge and biofilm was observed with increasing C/N. Compared with suspended sludge, biofilm facilitated higher abundance and activity of anammox bacteria, and the molecular ecological network of biofilm displayed better stability and more efficient mass transfer efficiency between microorganisms. The C/N of 3.5 simplified the subnetworks of Chloroflexi and Proteobacteria but increased the positive interactions between Planctomycetota and other microbes. Anammox bacteria were found as keystone species only in biofilm system. This study provided a theoretical basis and technical guidance for the application of SNAD process in municipal wastewater treatment.

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Several studies comparing the transperitoneal (TP) and retroperitoneal (RP) approach for AAA repair suggest that the RP approach may result in lower rates of perioperative mortality and morbidity. However, data comparing these approaches for open conversion are lacking. This study aims to evaluate the association between the type of approach and outcomes following open conversion after EVAR. METHODS: We included all patients who underwent open conversion after EVAR between 2010-2022 in Vascular Quality Initiative (VQI). Patients presenting with rupture were excluded. The primary outcome was perioperative mortality. The secondary outcomes included perioperative complications and 5-year mortality. Inverse probability weighting (IPW) was used to adjust for factors with statistical or clinical significance. Logistic regression was used to assess perioperative mortality and complications in the weighted cohort. 5-year mortality was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression. RESULTS: We identified 660 patients (39% RP) who underwent open conversion after EVAR. Compared with TP, RP patients were older (75 [IQR, 70-79] years vs. 73.5 [IQR, 68-79] years, p<.001), and more frequently had prior myocardial infarction (33% vs. 22%, p=.002). Compared with the TP approach, the RP approach was less frequently used in case of associated iliac aneurysm (19% vs. 27%, p=.026), but more frequently with associated renal bypass (7.8% vs. 1.7%, p<.001) and by high volume physicians (highest quintile, >7 AAA annually: 41% vs. 17%, p<.001) and in high volume centers (highest quintile, >35 AAA annually: 36% vs. 20%, p<.001). RP patients, compared with TP patients, were less likely to have external iliac or femoral distal anastomosis (8.2% vs. 21%, p<.001), and an infrarenal clamp (25% vs. 36%, p<.001). Unadjusted perioperative mortality was not significantly different between approaches (RP vs. TP: 3.8% vs. 7.5%; p=.077). After risk adjustment, RP patients had similar odds of perioperative mortality (aOR, 0.49; 95%CI, 0.22-1.10; p=.082), and lower odds of intestinal ischemia (aOR, 0.26; 95%CI, 0.08-0.86; p=.028) and in-hospital reintervention (aOR, 0.43; 95%CI, 0.22-0.85; p=.015). No significant differences were found in the other perioperative complications, and 5-year mortality (aHR, 0.79; 95%CI, 0.47-1.32; p=.37). CONCLUSIONS: - Our findings suggest that the RP approach may be associated with lower adjusted odds of perioperative complications compared with the TP approach. The RP approach should be considered for open conversion after EVAR when feasible.

RESUMEN

The main aim of this paper is to introduce a new high step-up/down buck-boost converter with a minimum number of switches which provides the benefit of having the continuity of the input/output current. This single-switch semi-quadratic converter is suitable for high step-up applications while being able to provide step-down voltage gains. Also, by applying some minor changes to the circuit elements, another single-switch buck-boost converter is suggested which has two operative outputs with different voltage gains. One of the outputs of this topology has quadratic buck-boost converter voltage gain which is appropriate for high step-up/step-down applications. The other output could vary from input voltage to minus infinity, ideally. After studying the steady-state operation of the proposed converters in Continuous Conduction Mode (C.C.M), the simulation results are presented. In addition, a comparison among related converters proposed in the literature is made. Finally, experimental results are evaluated by implementing a laboratory prototype of the proposed converter in both step-down and step-up modes. Theoretical, simulation, and experimental results are compatible with each other.

RESUMEN

Resource utilization of tail vegetables has raised increasing concerns in the modern agriculture. However, the effect and related mechanisms of flue-cured tobacco leaves on the product quality, phytotoxicity and bacterially-mediated nitrogen (N) transformation process of tail vegetable composting were poorly understood. Amendments of high-dosed (5% and 10% w/w) tobacco leaves into the compost accelerated the heating process, prolonged the time of thermophilic stage, increased the peak temperature, thereby improving maturity and shortening composting duration. The tobacco leaf amendments at the 10% (w/w) increased the N conservation (TN and NH4-N content) of compost, due to the supply of N-containing nutrient and promotion of organic matter degradation by tobacco leaves. Besides, tobacco leaf amendments promoted the seed germination and root development of wild soybean, exhibiting the feasibility of composting product for promoting the growth of salt-tolerant plants, but no dose-dependent effect was found for tobacco leaf amendments. Addition of high dosed (5% and 10% w/w) tobacco leaves shifted the bacterial community towards lignocellulosic and N-fixing bacteria, contributing to increasing the compost maturity and N retention. PICRUSt 2 functional prediction revealed that N-related bacterial metabolism (i.e., hydroxylamine oxidation and denitrifying process) was enhanced in the tobacco leaf treatments, which contributed to N retention and elevated nutrient quality of composting. To the best knowledge, this was the first study to explore the effect of tobacco waste additives on the nutrient transformation and halophyte growth promotion of organic waste composting. These findings will deepen the understanding of microbially-mediated N transformation and composting processes involving flue-cured tobacco leaves.

RESUMEN

Chloraminated drinking water systems commonly use free chlorine conversions (FCCs) to prevent or control nitrification, but unintended water quality changes may occur, including increased disinfection by-product and metal concentrations. This study evaluated water quality in a chloraminated drinking water system and residential locations before, during, and after their annual, planned FCC. Water quality alternated between relatively consistent and variable periods when switching disinfectants. During the FCC, regulated four trihalomethane and five haloacetic acid concentrations increased by four and seven times, respectively, and exceeded corresponding maximum contaminant levels. Implications of disinfection by-product sampling during an FCC were assessed, and an approach to account for increased FCC disinfection by-product concentrations was proposed. For metals, the FCC had minor impacts on distribution system concentrations and did not appear to impact residential concentrations. Overall, observed variable water quality appeared primarily associated with switching disinfectants and depended on distribution system hydraulics.

RESUMEN

The economical and efficient removal of nickel nitrate from industrial wastewater remains a challenge. Herein, we developed an innovative electrochemical membrane filtration system that used a periodic polarity reversal process to adjust the acid-base environment near membrane interface for the recovery of nickel (II) and ammonia. The Ru based electrocatalytic layer could boost the selective reduction of nitrate to ammonia by generating atomic hydrogen, resulting in the precipitation of Ni2+ by the increasing pH at the membrane interface. Then, the precipitation of Ni(OH)2 could be effectively stripped and collected under the periodic polarity reversal process. In-situ interfacial measurements demonstrated that the polarity reversal process enabled a reversible transformation between strongly acidic (pH < 2) and alkaline (pH > 13) environments within a 200 µm range at the membrane interface. In continuous flow operation treating real industrial wastewater containing 96.7 mg-N L-1 nitrate and 135.0 mg L-1 Ni2+, the system demonstrated the capability to achieve 92.5 ± 2.6 % nitrate removal (with a recovery efficiency of 15.1 ± 1.9 g-NH3 kWh-1) and 99.7 ± 0.1 % Ni²âº removal (with a recovery efficiency of 24.9 ± 2.4 g-Ni kWh-1). Additionally, the specific treatment cost was approximately $0.17 m-3, attributed to the recovery of Ni(OH)2 and ammonia. Furthermore, this system could deliver a significant economic benefit ($1.64 per m3) for treating a high concentration real wastewater (331.5 mg-N L-1 nitrate and 1496.3 mg L-1 Ni2+), outperforming traditional alkali precipitation and biological nitrification/denitrification processes. Overall, our study presents an economical and sustainable method for recovering valuable chemicals from wastewater containing heavy metals and inorganic nitrogen, potentially advancing cost-effective water treatment technologies.

RESUMEN

Social insects, particularly honey bees, have exceptionally high genomic frequencies of genetic recombination. This phenomenon and underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. To characterise the patterns of crossovers and gene conversion in the honey bee genome, a recombination map of 187 honey bee brothers was generated by whole-genome resequencing. Recombination events were heterogeneously distributed without many true hotspots. The tract lengths between phase shifts were bimodally distributed, indicating distinct crossover and gene conversion events. While crossovers predominantly occurred in G/C-rich regions and seemed to cause G/C enrichment, the gene conversions were found predominantly in A/T-rich regions. The nucleotide composition of sequences involved in gene conversions that were associated with or distant from crossovers corresponded to the differences between crossovers and gene conversions. These combined results suggest two types of DNA double-strand break repair during honey bee meiosis: non-canonical homologous recombination, leading to gene conversion and A/T enrichment of the genome, and the canonical homologous recombination based on completed double Holliday Junctions, which can result in gene conversion or crossover and is associated with G/C bias. This G/C bias may be selected for to balance the A/T-rich base composition of eusocial hymenopteran genomes. The lack of evidence for a preference of the canonical homologous recombination for double-strand break repair suggests that the high genomic recombination rate of honey bees is mainly the consequence of a high rate of double-strand breaks, which could in turn result from the life history of honey bees and their A/T-rich genome.

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Methadone has shown effectiveness in pain control in patients with cancer who are intolerant to other opioids in China. However, the optimal strategy for methadone conversion from previous high doses of opioids in refractory cancer pain remains debatable. This study aimed to describe the efficacy and safety of a 3-day switch (3DS) strategy for methadone conversion in patients with refractory cancer pain on high doses of opioids. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 30-day medical records of 70 patients with refractory cancer pain who used a 3DS strategy for methadone conversion from previous high doses of opioids from July 2018 to December 2022. The 3DS strategy indicated that the methadone dose was increased by one third every day for 3 days. Data on the rate of successful conversion, the time to stable analgesia after conversion, the conversion efficiency, the corrected QT (QTc) interval, the actual conversion ratios, adverse events (AEs), and quality of life were analyzed. RESULTS: Seventy patients received 3DS methadone conversion and 64 patients were eligible for analysis. Fifty patients (78%) achieved stable analgesia, and the median time to stable analgesia was 8.14 ± 2.70 (range 6-14) days. The average dose of methadone was 77.94 ± 42.74 mg. The most common AEs (≥ 10%) included constipation, dry mouth, nausea, and cold sweats. The incidence of constipation was reduced post-methadone conversion, and a statistically significant but asymptomatic prolongation of the QTc interval was observed. Additionally, the actual conversion ratios were lower than Ayonrinde's recommended ratios. CONCLUSIONS: The 3DS strategy for methadone conversion is applicable in Chinese patients with refractory cancer pain on high doses of opioids.

RESUMEN

Background: A short-term insulin intensive therapy is an important method used in clinical practice to control blood glucose, and a scientific post-treatment plan is key to long-term blood glucose stability control. This study aimed to investigate efficacy and safety of early conversion of intensive insulin therapy to IDegLira in T2DM patients. Methods: This study was a prospective study, involving 80 T2DM patients finally. Patients were firstly treated with insulin for intensified therapy (Pre-IDegLira group), then switched to insulin degludec and liraglutide (IDegLira) for 3 months (IDegLira-3 months group). Data including HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, fasting C-peptide, weight, insulin dosage, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were analyzed. Correlations between fasting blood glucose and other parameters were evaluated with Pearson correlation analysis. Results: IDegLira early conversion significantly reduced fasting blood glucose (p<0.001), weight (p=0.015), and insulin dosage (p=0.001) of T2DM patients compared to those of Pre-IDegLira group. HbA1c level was remarkably lower in T2DM patients underwent IDegLira early conversion compared to that in Pre-IDegLira group (p<0.001), with HbA1c <7% proportion of 73.75% (59/80). IDegLira early conversion significantly downregulated levels of TC (p<0.001), TG (p<0.001), LDL-C (p<0.001), and upregulated HDL-C level (p=0.017) of T2DM patients, compared to those in Pre-IDegLira group. IDegLira early conversion markedly reduced ALT (p<0.001) and AST (p=0.002) levels of T2DM patients compared to those in Pre-IDegLira group. IDegLira early conversion demonstrated a positive correlation between fasting blood glucose and HbA1c (r=0.531, p<0.001) or TG level (r=0.336, p=0.002) in T2DM patients. Conclusion: Early conversion of intensive insulin therapy to IDegLira effectively reduced fasting blood glucose and HbA1c in T2DM patients with higher safety.

RESUMEN

Background: This retrospective intention-to-treat study aims to identify risk factors associated with intraoperative conversion from Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) Decortication to open thoracotomy in patients with Stage III Tuberculous Empyema, specifically focusing on non-Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR)/Extensively Drug-Resistant (XDR) cases. Methods: The study included 122 patients with non-MDR/XDR tuberculous empyema who were initially scheduled for VATS decortication. Patients were divided into two groups: the Thoracoscopy group (n = 64), who successfully underwent VATS decortication, and the Conversion group (n = 58), who required intraoperative conversion to open thoracotomy. Complex cases were excluded from the study. The analysis focused solely on factors leading to conversion, rather than overall treatment outcomes. Results: A notable difference was observed in the rate of regular preoperative glucocorticoid utilization between the two cohorts, with the Conversion group exhibiting a lower percentage (46.5 %) in comparison to the Thoracoscopy group (75.0 %). Furthermore, the Thoracoscopy group displayed a significantly reduced frequency of ipsilateral lung abnormalities prior to the surgery (37.5 %), as opposed to that of the Conversion group (65.5 %). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the regular preoperative glucocorticoid use (odds ratio (OR) = 3.444, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.602-7.407) and pre-existing pulmonary lesions (OR = 0.31, 95%CI: 0.150-0.663) were potential influential factors. Conclusion: Inconsistent preoperative glucocorticoid administration and ipsilateral lung lesions were identified as exacerbating factors leading to the complexity of VATS decortication by causing intraoperative pulmonary tissue contusion or hemorrhage, thus hindering the successful completion of VATS decortication and necessitating a conversion to thoracotomy. Awareness of these factors can aid surgeons in making well-informed decisions regarding the preoperative surgical approach.

RESUMEN

Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES), which closely resemble epileptic seizures (ES), are typically triggered by psychological distress and represent the most prevalent form of conversion disorder encountered in clinical practice. Multiple physical conditions can both precipitate and sustain PNES episodes. Epilepsy, a common neurological disorder, imposes significant emotional and physical burdens, frequently resulting in elevated levels of anxiety and depression. This case report details the clinical course of a 19-year-old female whose PNES was exacerbated by the diagnosis and disease burden of epilepsy. The patient's background of childhood trauma, bullying, and sexual abuse likely predisposed her to the development of PNES. Upon receiving a diagnosis of epilepsy, characterized by focal seizures originating from the left parietal region, the patient experienced increased anxiety and required frequent hospitalizations. Despite adjustments to her treatment regimen, including the administration of levetiracetam (LEV) and lacosamide (LCM), her seizures persisted. Comprehensive evaluations, comprising electroencephalography (EEG) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), indicated the coexistence of epilepsy and PNES. Although surgical intervention was initially considered, it was ultimately deemed unnecessary, which subsequently alleviated the patient's anxiety. Psychoeducation highlighting the manageability of her epilepsy with ongoing pharmacotherapy significantly reduced her PNES episodes. This case emphasizes the critical role of addressing the psychosocial burden associated with an epilepsy diagnosis, as these factors may exacerbate PNES. It also underscores the importance of a holistic treatment approach that integrates psychological support with medical management.

RESUMEN

γ-Cyclodextrin (γ-CD) is an attractive material among the natural cyclodextrins owing to its excellent properties. γ-CD is primarily produced from starch by γ-cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (γ-CGTase) in a controlled system. However, difficulty in separation and low conversion rate leads to high production costs for γ-CD. In this study, γ-CGTase from Bacillus sp. G-825-6 STB17 was used in γ-CD production from cassava starch. With the introduction of sodium tetraphenylborate (NaBPh4), the total conversion rate was promoted from an initial 18.07 % to 50.49 % and the γ-CD ratio reached 78.81 % with a yield of 39.79 g/L. Furthermore, the mechanism was conducted via the determination of binding constant, which indicated that γ-CD exhibited much stronger binding strength with NaBPh4 than ß-CD. The reformation of water molecules and the chaotropic effect might be the main driving forces for the interaction. Additionally, the conformations of CD complexes were depicted by NMR and molecular docking. The results further verified different binding patterns between CDs and tetraphenylborate ions, which might be the primary reason for the specific binding. This system not only guides γ-CD production with an efficient and easy-to-remove production aid but also offers a new perspective on the selection of complexing agents in CD production.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: To determine the short-term (5 min) initial effects of a high-irradiance light-curing (LC) protocol on light transmission (LT%), radiant exposure (RE) and degree of conversion (DC%) of different bulk-fill resin-based composites (RBCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six bulk-fill composites with different viscosities were investigated: OBF (One Bulk Fill, 3 M), EB (Estelite bulkfill,Tokuyama), PFill, PFlow, ECeram and EFlow (PowerFill, Poweflow, Tetric EvoCeram bulkfill, Tetric Evoflow bulkfill, Ivoclar), subjected to different LC protocols: one ultra-high-intensity (3 W/cm2 -3 s via PowerCure LCU) and two conventional (1.2 W/cm2 -10 s and 20 s via PowerCure and Elipar S10 LCUs). Specimens (n = 5) were polymerized within their molds (ϕ5 mm × 4 mm depth) to determine LT% and RE at 4 mm using a MARC-LC spectrometer. For real-time DC% measurements by FTIR, similar molds were utilized. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests at 5 % significance. RESULTS: Regardless of the applied LC protocols, OBF and low-viscosity RBCs (EB, PFlow and EFlow) had the lowest and highest LT%, RE, DC% and RPmax, respectively. RE results of all RBCs were in the same sequence: Elipar-20 s > PCure-10 s > PCure-3 s. DC% of PFill and PFlow displayed no significant difference between the applied LC protocols (p > 0.05). The polymerization kinetic in all materials was well described by an exponential sum function (r2 varied between 0.85 and 0.98), showing a faster polymerization with the PCure-3 s protocol. SIGNIFICANCE: The measurement of LT% and DC% at 5 min gave an insight into the developing polymerization process. The initial response of these bulk-fill composite to a high-irradiation protocol varied depending on their composition and viscosity, being faster for low viscosity materials. Nevertheless, even though multiple resin composites are designed to be efficient during photopolymerization, care should be taken when selecting materials/curing protocol.

RESUMEN

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of an increasing levels of brewery by-products based silage on productive performances of 3/4 Friesian x Boran mid-lactating cows. Experimental cows had similar in initial milk yield (11.7 ± 1.0), average days in milk (81.7 ± 6.1) and live weight (LW, 430.7 ± 40.3 kg) but different in parities (2-5).The dietary treatments were arranged randomly in 4 × 4 Latin Square Design that included ad libitum natural pasture hay feeding for all treatments as a roughage source plus a commercial dairy concentrate mix supplemented at 0.5 kg DM (dry matter)/liter of milk produced/day for cows in the control group (T1) and 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7 kg DM of brewery by-products based silage per liter of milk yield/cow/day for cows in T2, T3 and T4 groups, respectively. The study revealed that the daily milk yield of experimental cows was influenced by dietary treatments with relatively higher daily milk yield being recorded (P < 0.05) for cows in the T4 (13.9 l) followed by T3 (13.8 l). Milk composition of cows remained unchanged (P > 0.05) except for fat percentage of the milk that showed a declining trend (P < 0.05) with incremental inclusion levels of brewery by-products based silages. The highest net income (NI, 437.9 Eth. Birr) and marginal rate of return (MRR, 800.7%) was obtained for cows receiving brewery by-products based silage at the rate of 0.7 kg/liter of milk yield as compared to cows in the other treatment groups. Further study is required on the long term effect of brewery by-products based silage supplementation on productive, reproductive performance, and milk microbial qualities.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

High-entropy materials (HEMs) emerged as promising candidates for a diverse array of chemical transformations, including CO2 utilization. However, traditional HEMs catalysts are nonporous, limiting their activity to surface sites. Designing HEMs with intrinsic porosity can open the door toward enhanced reactivity while maintaining the many benefits of high configurational entropy. Here, a synergistic experimental, analytical, and theoretical approach to design the first high-entropy metal-organic frameworks (HEMOFs) derived from polynuclear metal clusters is implemented, a novel class of porous HEMs that is highly active for CO2 fixation under mild conditions and short reaction times, outperforming existing heterogeneous catalysts. HEMOFs with up to 15 distinct metals are synthesized (the highest number of metals ever incorporated into a single MOF) and, for the first time, homogenous metal mixing within individual clusters is directly observed via high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy. Importantly, density functional theory studies provide unprecedented insight into the electronic structures of HEMOFs, demonstrating that the density of states in heterometallic clusters is highly sensitive to metal composition. This work dramatically advances HEMOF materials design, paving the way for further exploration of HEMs and offers new avenues for the development of multifunctional materials with tailored properties for a wide range of applications.

RESUMEN

A breakthrough in manufacturing procedures often enables people to obtain the desired functional materials. For the field of energy conversion, designing and constructing catalysts with high cost-effectiveness is urgently needed for commercial requirements. Herein, the molten salt-assisted synthesis (MSAS) strategy is emphasized, which combines the advantages of traditional solid and liquid phase synthesis of catalysts. It not only provides sufficient kinetic accessibility, but effectively controls the size, morphology, and crystal plane features of the product, thus possessing promising application prospects. Specifically, the selection and role of the molten salt system, as well as the mechanism of molten salt assistance are analyzed in depth. Then, the creation of the catalyst by the MSAS and the electrochemical energy conversion related application are introduced in detail. Finally, the key problems and countermeasures faced in breakthroughs are discussed and look forward to the future. Undoubtedly, this systematical review and insights here will promote the comprehensive understanding of the MSAS and further stimulate the generation of new and high efficiency catalysts.

RESUMEN

The poor cycling stability and rate performance of transition metal selenides (TMSs) are caused by their intrinsic low conductivity and poor structural stability, which hinders their application in potassium-ion batteries (PIBs). To address this issue, encapsulating TMSs within carbon nanoshells is considered a viable strategy. However, due to the lack and uncontrollability of internal void space, this structure cannot effectively mitigate the volume expansion induced by large K+, resulting in unsatisfactory electrochemical performance. Herein, peanut-shaped FeSe2@carbon yolk-shell capsules are prepared by modulation of the internal space. The active FeSe2 is encapsulated within a robust carbon shell and an optimal void space is retained between them. The outer carbon shell promotes electronic conductivity and avoids FeSe2 aggregation, while the internal void mitigates volume expansion and effectively ensures the structural integrity of the electrode. Consequently, the FeSe2@carbon anode demonstrates exceptional rate performance (242 mAh g-1 at 10 A g-1) and long cycling stability (350 mAh g-1 after 500 cycles at 1 A g-1). Furthermore, the effect of internal space modulation on electrochemical properties is elucidated. Meanwhile, ex situ characterizations elucidate the K+ storage mechanism. This work provides effective guidance for the design and the internal space modulation of advanced TMSs yolk-shell structures.

RESUMEN

Solar thermal collectors based on phase change materials (PCMs) are important to promote the civilian use of sustainable energy. However, simultaneously achieving high photothermal efficiency and rapid heat transfer of the PCM carrier typically involves a high proportion of functional materials, contradicting a satisfying energy storage density. In this work, a surface-engineered anisotropic MXene-based aerogel (LMXA) integrated with myristic acid (MA) to produce phase change composites (LMXA-MA) is reported, in which the laser-treated surface composed of the hierarchically-structured TiO2/carbon composites act as a light absorber to improve solar absorption (96.0%), while the vertical through-hole structure allows for fast thermal energy transportation from surface to the whole. As a result, LMXA-MA exhibits outstanding thermal energy storage (192.4 J·g-1) and high photothermal conversion efficiency (93.5%). Meanwhile, benefiting from the intrinsic low emissivity of MXene material, thermal radiation loss can be effectively suppressed by simply flipping LMXA-MA, enabling a long-term temperature control ability (605 s·g-1). The excellent heat storage property and switchable dual-mode also endow it with an infrared stealth function, which maintains camouflage for more than 240 s. This work provides a prospective solution for optimizing photothermal conversion efficiency and long-term thermal energy preservation from surface engineering and structural design.