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RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la relación entre consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados y los indicadores del estado de nutricional de una muestra de población económicamente activa en México. Se realizó un estudio transversal en individuos de ambos sexos (18 a 60 años, n=150). Para la obtención de datos antropométricos de la población y de composición corporal, se utilizó un equipo de bioimpedancia. Además, se aplicó un cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados (previamente validada) para la evaluación dietética. Los resultados de los indicadores de estado nutricional demostraron que el 80% de la población estudiada presentó obesidad y sobrepeso; el 88,7% tuvo un % de grasa alto; y el 75,3% presentó riesgo metabólico alto. Con respecto a la evaluación dietética, el grupo de alimentos de ultraprocesados con alto contenido de azúcares simples fue el de mayor consumo (47%, 10,4 veces por semana). Los resultados del análisis de correlación de Pearson, indicaron que existe una correlación negativa significativa entre la edad y el consumo en cuatro de cinco grupos de alimentos ultraprocesados. Finalmente, se encontró que la muestra presenta riesgos de salud importantes que pueden afectar su calidad de vida y productividad. Se deben implementar estrategias a corto plazo de mejora de hábitos de alimentación y estilo de vida saludables en este sector de la población tan importante.

ABSTRACT This work aimed to correlate ultra-processed product consumption and nutritional status in a sample of the Mexican labor force population. A cross-sectional study assessed subjects from both genders (18 to 60 years, n=150). Bioimpedance equipment was used to obtain anthropometric measurements and body composition parameters. Moreover, a previously validated frequency questionnaire of ultra-processed foods was used to obtain dietetic data. Results from the nutritional status evaluation indicated that 80% of the sample was obese or overweight; 88.7% had high total fat mass percentage, and 75.3% had high metabolic risk. Regarding the dietetic evaluation, ultra-processed products with high sugar content were the most consumed (47%, up to10.4 times per week). Furthermore, the Pearson correlation analysis results showed a significant negative correlation between age and consumption in four of the five ultra-processed product groups evaluated. Therefore, there is a need to implement internal strategies to diminish the consumption of ultra-processed products and improve healthy food choices and physical activity of the sample to avoid quality of life deterioration and reduce economic losses in this sector.

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Adherence to healthy behaviours promotes several health benefits in preschool children, including executive function (EF). Recently, the predictive power of the 24-hour movement behaviour (24 h MB) composition on health outcomes has been evidenced; however, its relationship with EF in preschoolers is unknown. Thus, the present study had two objectives: (1) to analyse the associations between the 24 h MB composition and EF of preschoolers; and (2) to investigate the theoretical changes in EF when time in different movement behaviours is reallocated. This cross-sectional study was carried out with 123 preschoolers (3-5 years old) of low socioeconomic status. Physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour were assessed using an accelerometer for 7 days, sleep time was obtained through interviews with parents, and EF was measured using the Early Tool Box battery. To verify the association between 24 h MB and EF, compositional data analysis was used, and for time reallocation, compositional isotemporal substitution analysis was utilized. It was observed that the 24 h MB composition was positively associated with EF (p < .0001; R² = 0.34), and that reallocating 5, 10, 15 or 20 min of the time spent on sleep and light PA to moderate-to-vigorous PA, respectively, was associated with significant improvements in EF (p < .05). These findings provide hitherto unseen insight into the relationship between 24 h MB and EF in preschool children, and warrants consideration for researchers and practitioners seeking to improve EF and PA in preschool children.

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Massive strandings of the pelagic brown algae Sargassum have occurred in the Caribbean, and to a lesser extent, in western Africa, almost every year since 2011. These events have major environmental, health, and economic impacts in the affected countries. Once on the shore, Sargassum is mechanically harvested and disposed of in landfills. Existing commercial applications of other brown algae indicate that the pelagic Sargassum could constitute a valuable feedstock for potential valorisation. However, limited data on the composition of this Sargassum biomass was available to inform on possible application through pyrolysis or enzymatic fractionation of this feedstock. To fill this gap, we conducted a detailed comparative biochemical and elemental analysis of three pelagic Sargassum morphotypes identified so far as forming Atlantic blooms: Sargassum natans I (SnI), S. fluitans III (Sf), and S. natans VIII (SnVIII). Our results showed that SnVIII accumulated a lower quantity of metals and metalloids compared to SnI and Sf, but it contained higher amounts of phenolics and non-cellulosic polysaccharides. SnVIII also had more of the carbon storage compound mannitol. No differences in the content and composition of the cell wall polysaccharide alginate were identified among the three morphotypes. In addition, enzymatic saccharification of SnI produced more sugars compared to SnVIII and Sf. Due to high content of arsenic, the use of pelagic Sargassum is not recommended for nutritional purposes. In addition, low yields of alginate extracted from this biomass, compared with brown algae used for industrial production, limit its use as viable source of commercial alginates. Further work is needed to establish routes for future valorisation of pelagic Sargassum biomass.

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Winter cereals are mainly used for human and animal nutrition and several studies are now exploring their potential as conserved forage (hay and silage). Among the winter cereal species available for cultivation in the south of Brazil, which is major winter cereals producer in the country, the wheat cv. BRS Umbu has attracted special attention. However, few studies have investigated the potential of this cultivar for silage production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the production and quality of silage from the dual-purpose wheat, BRS Umbu, subjected to different cut managements treatments: T1 - without cut (control), T2 - one cut and T3 - two cuts. Each plot represented an experimental unit in a randomized block design, with 5 replicates per treatment. Two representative samples were collected from each plot to determine morphological segmentation (stem, leaf and ear) and dry matter (DM) content of the whole plant and its morphological components. At the time of opening of the silos, food chemical analysis and pH determination were performed. Forage mass production decreased by 26.88% and 67.82%, respectively, with one and two cuts, compared to control. The DM content of the ensiled plant was 49.9 g kg-1 for the control, 54.7 g kg-1 with one cut and 63.2 g kg-1 with two cuts, at the time of ensiling. Management cuts changed the morphological components of the plants, with a lower proportion of stem (28%) in plants subjected to two cuts. The control treatment showed fewer leaves in ensiled plant (9.6%) and intermediate amount of stalk (52.8%), and was significantly different (p < 0.05) to treatment of a cut. Regarding feed chemistry evaluations, no significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed for mineral matter (MM), crude protein (CP) and hemicellulose (HEM) between the different cutting regimens. However, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) decreased (p < 0.05) as the number of cuts increased...(AU)

O cultivo de cereais de inverno tem como objetivo suprir a demanda alimentar humana e animal, contudo estudos recentes têm focado no seu uso como alimento conservado (feno e silagem). Dentre as várias opções disponíveis para o plantio o trigo cv. BRS Umbu vem despertando interesse. Contudo, poucos estudos tem avaliado o potencial desta cultivar para produção de silagem. Sendo assim, objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produção e a qualidade das silagens obtidas a partir do trigo de duplo propósito, BRS Umbu, manejado em diferentes manejos de cortes: T1 sem corte (controle), T2 um corte e T3 dois cortes. Cada parcela representou uma repetição em um delineamento em blocos casualizados, com cinco repetições por tratamento. Duas amostras representativas de cada parcela foram coletadas para se determinar a composição morfológica e massa seca dos seus componentes. No momento da abertura dos silos, amostras foram coletadas para determinação do pH e composição nutricional. O aumento no número de cortes proporcionou redução na produção de massa de forragem seca na ordem de 26.88% e 67.82% do manejo com um e dois cortes, respectivamente em relação ao controle. No momento da ensilagem o teor de matéria seca (MS) das plantas ensiladas foi de 49,9 para o tratamento sem corte, 54,7 g kg MS-1 para o tratamento com um corte e 63,2 g kg MS-1 para o tratamento com dois cortes. Verificou-se alterações nos componentes morfológicos das plantas, sendo influenciados pelo manejo de cortes, observando-se menor proporção de colmo nas plantas submetidas a dois cortes (28%), porém, apresentando maior proporção de espigas (59,4%), enquanto o tratamento controle mostrou menor quantidade de folhas nas plantas ensiladas (9,6%) e quantidade intermediária de espigas (52,8%), diferindo (P < 0,05) do tratamento de um corte, que apresentou (42,6%) de espigas na planta...(AU)

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Winter cereals are mainly used for human and animal nutrition and several studies are now exploring their potential as conserved forage (hay and silage). Among the winter cereal species available for cultivation in the south of Brazil, which is major winter cereals producer in the country, the wheat cv. BRS Umbu has attracted special attention. However, few studies have investigated the potential of this cultivar for silage production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the production and quality of silage from the dual-purpose wheat, BRS Umbu, subjected to different cut managements treatments: T1 - without cut (control), T2 - one cut and T3 - two cuts. Each plot represented an experimental unit in a randomized block design, with 5 replicates per treatment. Two representative samples were collected from each plot to determine morphological segmentation (stem, leaf and ear) and dry matter (DM) content of the whole plant and its morphological components. At the time of opening of the silos, food chemical analysis and pH determination were performed. Forage mass production decreased by 26.88% and 67.82%, respectively, with one and two cuts, compared to control. The DM content of the ensiled plant was 49.9 g kg-1 for the control, 54.7 g kg-1 with one cut and 63.2 g kg-1 with two cuts, at the time of ensiling. Management cuts changed the morphological components of the plants, with a lower proportion of stem (28%) in plants subjected to two cuts. The control treatment showed fewer leaves in ensiled plant (9.6%) and intermediate amount of stalk (52.8%), and was significantly different (p 0.05) was observed for mineral matter (MM), crude protein (CP) and hemicellulose (HEM) between the different cutting regimens. However, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) decreased (p < 0.05) as the number of cuts increased...

O cultivo de cereais de inverno tem como objetivo suprir a demanda alimentar humana e animal, contudo estudos recentes têm focado no seu uso como alimento conservado (feno e silagem). Dentre as várias opções disponíveis para o plantio o trigo cv. BRS Umbu vem despertando interesse. Contudo, poucos estudos tem avaliado o potencial desta cultivar para produção de silagem. Sendo assim, objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produção e a qualidade das silagens obtidas a partir do trigo de duplo propósito, BRS Umbu, manejado em diferentes manejos de cortes: T1 – sem corte (controle), T2 – um corte e T3 – dois cortes. Cada parcela representou uma repetição em um delineamento em blocos casualizados, com cinco repetições por tratamento. Duas amostras representativas de cada parcela foram coletadas para se determinar a composição morfológica e massa seca dos seus componentes. No momento da abertura dos silos, amostras foram coletadas para determinação do pH e composição nutricional. O aumento no número de cortes proporcionou redução na produção de massa de forragem seca na ordem de 26.88% e 67.82% do manejo com um e dois cortes, respectivamente em relação ao controle. No momento da ensilagem o teor de matéria seca (MS) das plantas ensiladas foi de 49,9 para o tratamento sem corte, 54,7 g kg MS-1 para o tratamento com um corte e 63,2 g kg MS-1 para o tratamento com dois cortes. Verificou-se alterações nos componentes morfológicos das plantas, sendo influenciados pelo manejo de cortes, observando-se menor proporção de colmo nas plantas submetidas a dois cortes (28%), porém, apresentando maior proporção de espigas (59,4%), enquanto o tratamento controle mostrou menor quantidade de folhas nas plantas ensiladas (9,6%) e quantidade intermediária de espigas (52,8%), diferindo (P < 0,05) do tratamento de um corte, que apresentou (42,6%) de espigas na planta...

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RESUMEN

Winter cereals are mainly used for human and animal nutrition and several studies are now exploring their potential as conserved forage (hay and silage). Among the winter cereal species available for cultivation in the south of Brazil, which is major winter cereals producer in the country, the wheat cv. BRS Umbu has attracted special attention. However, few studies have investigated the potential of this cultivar for silage production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the production and quality of silage from the dual-purpose wheat, BRS Umbu, subjected to different cut managements treatments: T1 - without cut (control), T2 - one cut and T3 - two cuts. Each plot represented an experimental unit in a randomized block design, with 5 replicates per treatment. Two representative samples were collected from each plot to determine morphological segmentation (stem, leaf and ear) and dry matter (DM) content of the whole plant and its morphological components. At the time of opening of the silos, food chemical analysis and pH determination were performed. Forage mass production decreased by 26.88% and 67.82%, respectively, with one and two cuts, compared to control. The DM content of the ensiled plant was 49.9 g kg-1 for the control, 54.7 g kg-1 with one cut and 63.2 g kg-1 with two cuts, at the time of ensiling. Management cuts changed the morphological components of the plants, wi

O cultivo de cereais de inverno tem como objetivo suprir a demanda alimentar humana e animal, contudo estudos recentes têm focado no seu uso como alimento conservado (feno e silagem). Dentre as várias opções disponíveis para o plantio o trigo cv. BRS Umbu vem despertando interesse. Contudo, poucos estudos tem avaliado o potencial desta cultivar para produção de silagem. Sendo assim, objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produção e a qualidade das silagens obtidas a partir do trigo de duplo propósito, BRS Umbu, manejado em diferentes manejos de cortes: T1 sem corte (controle), T2 um corte e T3 dois cortes. Cada parcela representou uma repetição em um delineamento em blocos casualizados, com cinco repetições por tratamento. Duas amostras representativas de cada parcela foram coletadas para se determinar a composição morfológica e massa seca dos seus componentes. No momento da abertura dos silos, amostras foram coletadas para determinação do pH e composição nutricional. O aumento no número de cortes proporcionou redução na produção de massa de forragem seca na ordem de 26.88% e 67.82% do manejo com um e dois cortes, respectivamente em relação ao controle. No momento da ensilagem o teor de matéria seca (MS) das plantas ensiladas foi de 49,9 para o tratamento sem corte, 54,7 g kg MS-1 para o tratamento com um corte e 63,2 g kg MS-1 para o tratamento com dois cortes. Verificou-

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Body composition is a physiological variable associated with physical activity and, in some cases, is related to athletic performance. Our objectives were to describe the body composition of participants in three distinct Paralympic sports and to compare the values of body density and estimated body fat obtained from the Paralympic athletes on the National Team by air-displacement plethysmography (ADP) and by the anthropometric method (skinfolds (SFs)). The sample consisted of 70 volunteers of both genders. The body composition of the volunteers was evaluated using the ADP in a Bod Pod(®) and seven SFs. There were no significant differences between the values obtained by ADP and SF for body fat percentage (p = .58) and body density (p = .49). Analysis by Bland-Altman plots showed mean differences of 0.56 ± 4.94 (-9.12-10.23) and -0.0017 ± 0.0113 (-0.024-0.020) for body fat percentage and body density, respectively. In conclusion, body composition analyses of Paralympic athletes by the ADP and SF methods show similar results, and ADP should be used as the first option when available. When the use of ADP is not possible, estimating body density and fat percentage by SF is a viable alternative for Paralympic athletes when future comparisons will use the same analysis method.

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