RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Comfort is a primary patient objective and central to patient experience, and thus, maximising comfort is a universal goal for healthcare. However, comfort is a complex concept that is difficult to operationalise and evaluate, resulting in a lack of scientific and standardised comfort care practices. The Comfort Theory developed by Kolcaba has been the most widely known for its systematisation and projection and most of the global publications regarding comfort care were based on this theory. To develop international guidance on theory-informed comfort care, a better understanding about the evidence on the effects of interventions guided by the Comfort Theory is needed. OBJECTIVES: To map and present the available evidence on the effects of interventions underpinned by Kolcaba's Comfort theory in healthcare settings. METHODS: The mapping review will follow Campbell Evidence and Gap Maps guideline and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews Protocols guidelines. An intervention-outcome framework has been developed based on Comfort Theory and the classification of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions via consultation with stakeholders. Eleven electronic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, AMED, Cochrane Library, JBI Library of Systematic Reviews, Web of Science, Scopus, CNKI and Wan Fang) and grey literature sources (Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar and The Comfort Line) will be searched for primary studies and systematic reviews between 1991 and 2023 written in English and Chinese as the papers regarding Comfort Theory were first published in 1991. Additional studies will be identified by reference list review of included studies. Key authors will be contacted for unpublished or ongoing studies. Two independent reviewers will screen and extract data using piloted forms with discrepancies resolved by discussion with a third reviewer. A matrix map with filters of study characteristics will be generated and presented through software of EPPI-Mapper and NVivo. DISCUSSION: More informed use of theory can strengthen improvement programmes and facilitate the evaluation of their effectiveness. Findings from the evidence and gap map will present the existing evidence base for researchers, practitioners and policy-makers and inform further research as well as clinical practices aiming at patients' comfort enhancement.
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Garantía de la Calidad de Atención de Salud , Adulto , Humanos , Bases de Datos Factuales , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
As the development of robotics technologies for collaborative robots (COBOTs), the applications of human-robot collaboration (HRC) have been growing in the past decade. Despite the tremendous efforts from both academia and industry, the overall usage and acceptance of COBOTs are still not so high as expected. One of the major affecting factors is the comfort of humans in HRC, which is usually less emphasized in COBOT development; however, it is critical to the user acceptance during HRC. Therefore, this paper gives a review of human comfort in HRC including the influential factors of human comfort, measurement of human comfort in terms of subjective and objective manners, and human comfort improvement approaches in the context of HRC. Discussions on each topic are also conducted based on the review and analysis.
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Robótica , Humanos , TecnologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The increasing electrification poses new challenges with respect to thermal comfort in vehicle passenger cabins. While conventional air heating with electric heaters is technically possible, it causes significant reductions in the electric driving range. OBJECTIVE: Two contradicting objectives are to be achieved: Fast heat up to provide thermal comfort and high energy efficiency to maximize the driving range under all conditions. METHODS: This apparent area of conflict can be eased by the usage of low temperature radiation reducing the energy intensive heat up of the cabin air. In order to provide high energy efficiency, the emitted radiation should mostly be directed towards relevant body regions of the passengers, resulting in the necessity to redesign the passenger cabin. RESULTS: A novel approach to redesign and optimize the dashboard and a resulting radiation heating system are presented. In order to reduce computational effort of such an optimization, the complex three-dimensional geometry is sliced into simplified two-dimensional regions which are considered individually. The resulting heating system has been manufactured and integrated into a class A vehicle. Objective thermal comfort measurements as well as subjective comfort ratings have been conducted to validate the simulative approach and the resulting energy savings of approximately 30 %. CONCLUSIONS: The developed approach to achieve a fast time to comfort as well as an increased energy efficiency shows promising results as the heating system based on it cuts performs well considering objective and subjective measurements.