RESUMEN

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive type of breast cancer. While most TNBCs are initially sensitive to chemotherapy, a substantial fraction acquires resistance to treatments and progresses to more advanced stages. Here, we identify the spliceosome U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle (snRNP) complex as a modulator of chemotherapy efficacy in TNBC. Transient U2 snRNP inhibition induces persistent DNA damage in TNBC cells and organoids, regardless of their homologous recombination proficiency. U2 snRNP inhibition pervasively deregulates genes involved in the DNA damage response (DDR), an effect relying on their genomic structure characterized by a high number of small exons. Furthermore, a pulse of splicing inhibition elicits long-lasting repression of DDR proteins and enhances the cytotoxic effect of platinum-based drugs and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) in multiple TNBC models. These findings identify the U2 snRNP as an actionable target that can be exploited to enhance chemotherapy efficacy in TNBCs.

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INTRODUCTION: Percutaneous thermal segmentectomy is a single-step combination of microwave ablation, performed during arterial occlusion obtained with a balloon micro catheter, followed in the same session by balloon-occluded TACE. The aim of this multicenter retrospective study is to report the mid-term oncological performance of this technique for liver malignancies > 3.0 cm and to identify risk factors for the loss of sustained complete response. METHODS: Oncological results were evaluated with CT or MRI according to m-RECIST (HCC) and RECISTv1.1 (metastasis/intra-hepatic cholangiocarcinoma, iCC) at 1-month, 3-6-month and then at regular-6-month intervals. To identify predictive variables associated with not achieving or losing complete response two mixed-effects multivariable logistic regression models were constructed. RESULTS: Sixty-three patients (40/23, male/female) with primary liver malignancies (HCC = 49; iCC = 4) and metastasis (n = 10) were treated. Median diameter of target lesion was 4.5 cm (range 3.0-7.0 cm). The median follow-up time was 9.2 months. At one-month follow-up, 79.4% of patients presented with a complete response and the remaining 20.6% were partial responders. At the 3-6-month follow-up, reached by 59 of the initial 63 patients, 83.3% showed a sustained complete response, while 10.2% had a partial response and 8.5% a local recurrence. At the last follow-up, 69.8% of the lesions showed a complete response. The initial diameter of the target lesion ≥ 5.0 cm was the only independent variable associated with the risk of failure in maintaining a complete response at 6 months (OR = 8.58, 95% CI 1.38-53.43; P = 0.02). CONCLUSION: Percutaneous thermal segmentectomy achieves promising oncological results in patients with tumors > 3.0 cm, with tumor dimension ≥ 5.0 cm being the only risk factor associated with the failure of a sustained complete response.

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BACKGROUND: Pars Plana Vitrectomy (PPV) combined with subretinal injection of low-dose recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) and intravitreal injection of Conbercept as a novel therapy for submacular hemorrhage (SMH) requires evaluation. METHODS: In a retrospective interventional clinical study, 14 eyes of 14 patients with SMH underwent PPV along with rt-PA (subretinal) and Conbercept (intravitreal) injections. The main outcomes included best-corrected visual acuities (BCVAs), degrees of blood displacement, and adverse events. All patients completed at least 6-month follow-up visits. RESULTS: Mean BCVAs significantly improved at 7 days (22.29 ± 15.35), 1 month (30.71 ± 16.42), 3 months (38.29 ± 13.72), 4 months (38.86 ± 14.15), and 6 months (41.21 ± 14.91) post-treatment compared to baseline (16.36 ± 13.97) (F = 12.89, P = 0.004). The peak improvement in BCVAs occurred at 6 months postoperatively. The procedure effectively eliminated subfoveal hemorrhages in all eyes, with clots removal and absorption occurring within one month and complete regression by 3-month follow-up visits. Postoperatively, two cases of AMD resulted in discoid scars on the fundus. No instances of rt-PA-related retinal toxicity were observed during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION: The combined approach of PPV with low-dose rt-PA and anti-VEGF shows promise in enhancing both vision and anatomical structure in SMH therapy. Individualized treatment plans tailored to the primary disease should be developed to optimize visual prognoses. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Retrospectively registered No.ChiCTR2100053034. Registration date: 10/11/2021.

Asunto(s)

Inyecciones Intravítreas , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión , Hemorragia Retiniana , Activador de Tejido Plasminógeno , Agudeza Visual , Vitrectomía , Humanos , Activador de Tejido Plasminógeno/administración & dosificación , Activador de Tejido Plasminógeno/uso terapéutico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Masculino , Femenino , Hemorragia Retiniana/tratamiento farmacológico , Hemorragia Retiniana/etiología , Hemorragia Retiniana/diagnóstico , Agudeza Visual/fisiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/administración & dosificación , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/uso terapéutico , Anciano , Vitrectomía/métodos , Fibrinolíticos/administración & dosificación , Fibrinolíticos/uso terapéutico , Terapia Combinada , Tomografía de Coherencia Óptica , Estudios de Seguimiento , Quimioterapia Combinada , Angiografía con Fluoresceína

RESUMEN

Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas are characterized by a high incidence of recurrence, especially in patients with locally advanced disease. Standard treatment strategies can be associated with severe side effects to healthy tissues that can negatively impact the patient's quality of life. Hyperthermia (HT) is a noninvasive treatment modality that has improved the effectiveness of chemotherapy (CT) and/or radiotherapy (RT) for the management of some solid neoplasms. In this context, the association of this approach with rationally designed nanomaterials may further enhance the treatment outcome. In this study, we demonstrate the enhanced effect of neoadjuvant HT in combination with hybrid nanoarchitectures enclosing a cisplatin prodrug (NAs-CisPt) and RT. All the treatments and their combinations have been fully evaluated by employing standardized chorioallantoic membrane tumor models of HPV-negative head and neck carcinoma. An improved tumor-shrinking effect was observed by the administration of the trimodal treatment (HT/NAs-CisPt/RT), which also highlighted a significant increase in apoptosis. Our findings demonstrate that the combination of HT with nanotechnology-based CT and RT in a certain order enhances the in vivo treatment outcome. On a broader basis, this study paves the way for the next exploration of noninvasive treatment approaches for the clinical management of oral cancer based on innovative strategies.

Asunto(s)

Quimioradioterapia , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello , Hipertermia Inducida , Nanoestructuras , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/terapia , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/patología , Humanos , Hipertermia Inducida/métodos , Animales , Quimioradioterapia/métodos , Nanoestructuras/química , Nanoestructuras/uso terapéutico , Terapia Neoadyuvante/métodos , Cisplatino/uso terapéutico , Línea Celular Tumoral , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello/terapia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello/patología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello/tratamiento farmacológico , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Profármacos/química , Profármacos/farmacología , Profármacos/uso terapéutico

RESUMEN

RATIONALE: Pharmacological treatments for depression are not always effective and produce unwanted side effects. Male and female sexual dysfunction is one of these side effects, which can lead to treatment withdrawal. Combination of two antidepressants with different mechanisms of action, like mirtazapine (MTZ) and venlafaxine (VLF) have been shown to be effective for treatment-resistant depression in humans. Combination of low doses of these drugs may still exert antidepressant-like effects without altering sexual behavior. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the potential antidepressant-like effect of the chronic administration of low doses of MTZ plus VLF combined, as well as its impact on male and female sexual behavior in rats. METHODS: The antidepressant-like effect of a 14-day treatment with combinations of MTZ plus VLF (0/0, 2.5/3.75 or 5/7.5 mg/kg) was assessed in young adult male and female rats in the forced swim test (FST). The 5/7.5 mg/kg MTZ/VLF combination was also tested in the chronic mild stress (CMS) test, in both males and females treated for 21 days. The sexual effects of this last treatment were assessed in sexually experienced males and in gonadally-intact females during proestrus. RESULTS: The 5/7.5 mg/kg MTZ/VLF combination produced an antidepressant-like effect in the FST and reversed the CMS-induced anhedonia in both male and female rats. This combination did not alter male sexual behavior, female proceptive and receptive behaviors or the regularity of the estrous cycle. CONCLUSION: The combination of low doses of MTZ and VLF might be a promising therapeutic alternative to treat depression without affecting the sexual response.

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Aims: To evaluate the effects of acupuncture and/or nicotine patches on smoking cessation. Methods: Eighty-eight participants were randomly allocated into four groups: acupuncture combined with nicotine patch (ACNP), acupuncture combined with sham nicotine patch (ACSNP), sham acupuncture combined with nicotine patch (SACNP), and sham acupuncture combined with sham nicotine patch (SACSNP). The primary outcome was self-reported smoking abstinence verified with expiratory Carbon Monoxide (CO) after 8 weeks of treatment. The modified Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) score, Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale (MNWS), and the Brief Questionnaire of Smoking Urge (QSU-Brief) score were used as secondary indicators. SPSS 26.0 and Prism 9 software were used for statistical analyses. Results: Seventy-eight participants completed the study. There were no significant differences in patient characteristics at baseline across the four groups. At the end of treatment, there was a statistically significant difference (χ2 = 8.492, p = 0.037) in abstaining rates among the four groups. However, there were no significant differences in the reduction in the number of cigarettes smoked daily (p = 0.111), expiratory CO (p = 0.071), FTND score (p = 0.313), and MNWS score (p = 0.088) among the four groups. There was a statistically significant difference in QUS-Brief score changes among the four groups (p = 0.005). There was no statistically significant interaction between acupuncture and nicotine patch. Conclusion: Acupuncture combined with nicotine replacement patch therapy was more effective for smoking cessation than acupuncture alone or nicotine replacement patch alone. No adverse reactions were found in the acupuncture treatment process. Clinical trial registration: http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=61969, identifier ChiCTR2100042912.

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Corneal neovascularization (CNV) is a major cause of blindness worldwide. However, the recent drug treatment is limited by repeated administration and low drug bioavailability. In this work, SU6668 (an inhibitor of receptor tyrosine kinases) and indocyanine green (ICG) are loaded onto poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles, and then coated with anti-VEGFR2 single chain antibody (AbVr2 scFv) genetically engineered cell membrane vesicles. The nanomedicine is delivered via eye drops, and the hyperthermia induced by laser irradiation could block the blood vessels. Meanwhile, the photothermal effect can also cause the degradation of nanomaterials and release chemotherapeutic drugs in the blocked area, thereby continuously inhibit the neovascularization. Furthermore, SU6668 could inhibit the expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), promoting the cell death induced by photothermal effect. In conclusion, the combination of photothermal and chemotherapy drugs provides a novel, effective and safe approach for the treatment of CNV.

RESUMEN

Introduction: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), as a chronic and recurrent inflammatory bowel diseases with limited therapeutic outcomes, is characterized by immune disorders and intestinal barrier dysfunction. Currently, the most medications used to cure IBD in clinic just temporarily induce and maintain remission with poor response rates and limited outcomes. Therefore, it is urgently necessary to develop an appropriate therapeutic candidate with preferable efficacy and less adverse reaction for curing IBD. Methods: Five groups of mice were utilized: control that received saline, DSS group (mice received 2.5% DSS or 4% DSS), KPV group (mice received KPV), FK506 group (mice received FK506) and NPs groups (mice received NPs). The effect of NP on the inflammatory factors of macrophage was evaluated using CCK-8, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Elisa and Western blot (WB). Immunofluorescent staining revealed the targeting relationship between NP and Petp-1. Immunohistochemistry staining showed the effect of NP on tight junction proteins. Moreover, in vivo animal experiments confirmed that NPs reduced inflammatory levels in IBD. Results and Discussion: After administering with NPs, mice with DSS-induced acute or chronic colitis exhibited significant improvement in body weight, colon length, and disease activity index, decreased the level of the factors associated with oxidative stress (MPO, NO and ROS) and the inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1ß and IL-6), which implied that NPs could ameliorate murine colitis effectively. Furthermore, treating by NPs revealed a notable reduction of the expressions of CD68 and CD3, restoring the expression levels of tight junction proteins (Claudin-5, Occludin-1, and ZO-1) were significantly restored, surpassing those observed in the KPV and FK506 groups. which indicated that NPs can reduce inflammation and enhance epithelial barrier integrity by decreasing the infiltration of macrophages and T-lymphocytes. Collectively, those results demonstrated the effectively therapeutic outcome after using NPs in both acute and chronic colitis, suggesting that the newly co-assembled of NPs can be as a potential therapeutic candidate for colitis.

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(1) Background: Most intracranial aneurysms (IAs) can be treated either with microsurgical clipping or endovascular techniques. In a few cases, simultaneous treatment utilizing both modalities in a hybrid operation room may be favorable. This study analyzes the indication and benefits of a true hybrid approach (tHA) that combines simultaneous endovascular and microsurgical procedures for treatment of IAs in one session. (2) Methods: All patients receiving a true hybrid procedure between 2010 and 2022 in our institution were included. Demographic characteristics, neurological symptoms, pre-interventional treatments, angiographic findings, and postoperative clinical and radiological outcomes were analyzed. Results are discussed in the light of a systematic literature review on reported true hybrid procedures for IA treatment. (3) Results: In total, 10 tHAs were performed. Of these, coiling and concomitant decompressive craniectomy or hematoma evacuation was performed on six occasions. In two patients, multiple IAs were treated with different modalities during the same procedure. In two patients, intraoperative conditions did not allow for complete IA clipping, and the remnant was coiled in the same session. The review of the literature revealed nine papers comprising 58 IAs treated with a tHA. (4) Conclusions: The need for a tHA for IA treatment is rare and limited to highly selective cases. In our experience, tHAs have been most valuable in an emergency setting concerning ruptured IAs. Furthermore, tHAs may also be considered in patients with multiple aneurysms in different vascular territories.

RESUMEN

Promising new pharmacological strategies for the enhancement of cognition target either nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) or N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR). There is also an increasing interest in low-dose combination therapies co-targeting the above neurotransmitter systems to reach greater efficacy over the monotreatments and to reduce possible side effects of high-dose monotreatments. In the present study, we assessed modulatory effects of the α7 nAChR-selective agonist PHA-543613 (PHA), a novel α7 nAChR positive allosteric modulator compound (CompoundX) and the NMDAR antagonist memantine on the in vivo firing activity of CA1 pyramidal neurons in the rat hippocampus. Three different test conditions were applied: spontaneous firing activity, NMDA-evoked firing activity and ACh-evoked firing activity. Results showed that high but not low doses of memantine decreased NMDA-evoked firing activity, and low doses increased the spontaneous and ACh-evoked firing activity. Systemically applied PHA robustly potentiated ACh-evoked firing activity with having no effect on NMDA-evoked activity. In addition, CompoundX increased both NMDA- and ACh-evoked firing activity, having no effects on spontaneous firing of the neurons. A combination of low doses of memantine and PHA increased firing activity in all test conditions and similar effects were observed with memantine and CompoundX but without spontaneous firing activity increasing effects. Our present results demonstrate that α7 nAChR agents beneficially interact with Alzheimer's disease medication memantine. Moreover, positive allosteric modulators potentiate memantine effects on the right time and the right place without affecting spontaneous firing activity. All these data confirm previous behavioral evidence for the viability of combination therapies for cognitive enhancement.

Asunto(s)

Hipocampo , Memantina , Receptor Nicotínico de Acetilcolina alfa 7 , Animales , Memantina/farmacología , Receptor Nicotínico de Acetilcolina alfa 7/metabolismo , Receptor Nicotínico de Acetilcolina alfa 7/agonistas , Receptor Nicotínico de Acetilcolina alfa 7/antagonistas & inhibidores , Hipocampo/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Ratas , Neuronas/efectos de los fármacos , Neuronas/fisiología , Potenciales de Acción/efectos de los fármacos , Potenciales de Acción/fisiología , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Cognición/efectos de los fármacos , Cognición/fisiología , Antagonistas de Aminoácidos Excitadores/farmacología , Nootrópicos/farmacología , Ratas Wistar , Ligandos , Agonistas Nicotínicos/farmacología

RESUMEN

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) can destroy tumor cells by generating singlet oxygen (1O2) under light irradiation, which is limited by the hypoxia of the neoplastic tissue. Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) can produce toxic hydroxyl radical (•OH) to eradicate tumor cells by catalytic decomposition of endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the therapeutic effect of which is highly dependent on the concentration of H2O2. Herein, we propose a BODIPY-ferrocene conjugate with a balanced 1O2 and •OH generation capacity, which can serve as a high-efficiency antitumor agent by combining PDT and CDT. The ferrocene moieties endow the as-prepared conjugates with the ability of chemodynamic killing of tumor cells. Moreover, combined PDT/CDT therapy with improved antitumor efficiency can be realized after exposure to light irradiation. Compared with the monotherapy by PDT or CDT, the BODIPY-ferrocene conjugates can significantly increase the intracellular ROS levels of the tumor cells after light irradiation, thereby inducing the tumor cell apoptosis at low drug doses. In this way, a synergistic antitumor treatment is achieved by the combination of PDT and CDT.

RESUMEN

Aims and objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare efficacy and side effects between oral propranolol combined with and without intralesional injection of lauromacrogol for infantile hemangioma (IH). Material and methods: This was a single center randomized controlled prospective study, all participants were firstly diagnosed with IH between August 2022 and January 2023 in our hospital and without any treatment before. Patients were randomized into two groups. PRO group: oral propranolol (2 mg/kg/day) continued for 6 months; PRO + LAU group: oral propranolol (2 mg/kg/day) for 6 months and intralesional injection of lauromacrogol for 2-4 times within 6 months. The dimensions, color, consistency, photographic documentation were well recorded based on Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) before and after starting treatment. According to the treatment response after 6 months, the results were classified into four levels: Grade 1, complete resolution achieved; Grade 2, with ≥50% reduction in size of IH; Grade 3, with <50% reduction in size of IH; Grade 4, no response or worsening of IH. Results: A total of 67 patients were involved in the study (17 boys, 50 girls; mean age, 3.6 months, range, 1.1-7.2 months) and randomized to receive oral propranolol combined with or without intralesional injection of lauromacrogol (29 in PRO group, 38 in PRO + LAU group). All patients completed treatment. Eleven patients (37.9%) in PRO group were in Grade 1, 14 patients (48.3%) in Grade 2, 4 patients (13.8%) in Grade 3, compared with these in PRO + LAU group, 11 patients (28.9%) in Grade 1, 24 patients (63.2%) in Grade 2, and 3 patients (7.9%) in Grade 3. No patient was in Grade 4, and no severe side effects were observed in both group. In PRO group, it takes an average of 17.1 ± 5.4 weeks from the start of treatment to cure, and in PRO + LAU group, the average time is 13.7 ± 4.9 weeks. Conclusion: Oral propranolol with intralesional injection of lauromacrogol was a safety treatment strategy for IH. But it was not superior to oral propranolol in final cure rates (P = 0.45), moreover, it cannot certainly offer the benefits of shortening the duration of oral drug treatment (P = 0.24).

RESUMEN

Ferroptosis, an emerging type of programmed cell death, is initiated by iron-dependent and excessive ROS-mediated lipid peroxidation, which eventually leads to plasma membrane rupture and cell death. Many canonical signalling pathways and biological processes are involved in ferroptosis. Furthermore, cancer cells are more susceptible to ferroptosis due to the high load of ROS and unique metabolic characteristics, including iron requirements. Recent investigations have revealed that ferroptosis plays a crucial role in the progression of tumours, especially HCC. Specifically, the induction of ferroptosis can not only inhibit the growth of hepatoma cells, thereby reversing tumorigenesis, but also improves the efficacy of immunotherapy and enhances the antitumour immune response. Therefore, triggering ferroptosis has become a new therapeutic strategy for cancer therapy. In this review, we summarize the characteristics of ferroptosis based on its underlying mechanism and role in HCC and provide possible therapeutic applications.

Asunto(s)

Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Ferroptosis , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Humanos , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/metabolismo , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patología , Neoplasias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Animales , Peroxidación de Lípido , Transducción de Señal , Hierro/metabolismo

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: To compare the results of intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) monotherapy and combined intravitreal bevacizumab and laser photocoagulation (LPC) therapies applied in the same session to patients with aggressive retinopathy of prematurity (A-ROP) in our clinic. METHODS: The study included 67 eyes of 37 patients diagnosed with A-ROP and treated. Forty-nine eyes treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agent injection monotherapy for A-ROP treatment were included in the first group. The second group consisted of 18 eyes that received injection therapy and LPC treatment. The clinical findings of the two groups were investigated, and their treatment results were compared. RESULTS: Recurrence was observed in 19 of the 49 (38%) eyes in the first group, but there was no recurrence in any of the cases in the second group. While only IVB was applied to eight cases with recurrence, the combination of LPC and IVB treatment was applied to 11 cases. A second recurrence was detected in two of the eight cases that had received IVB monotherapy as a treatment for recurrence and in three of the 11 cases that had received LPC and IVB. The treatment outcomes of the two groups did not statistically significantly differ (P = 0.181). CONCLUSION: We consider that the combined simultaneous LPC and IVB treatment we applied in A-ROP cases is an effective approach, particularly for cases where there are concerns about the patient's ability to attend follow-up appointments.

Asunto(s)

Inhibidores de la Angiogénesis , Bevacizumab , Inyecciones Intravítreas , Coagulación con Láser , Retinopatía de la Prematuridad , Humanos , Bevacizumab/administración & dosificación , Bevacizumab/uso terapéutico , Retinopatía de la Prematuridad/tratamiento farmacológico , Retinopatía de la Prematuridad/terapia , Retinopatía de la Prematuridad/diagnóstico , Retinopatía de la Prematuridad/cirugía , Inhibidores de la Angiogénesis/administración & dosificación , Inhibidores de la Angiogénesis/uso terapéutico , Coagulación con Láser/métodos , Femenino , Masculino , Recién Nacido , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/antagonistas & inhibidores , Terapia Combinada , Edad Gestacional , Estudios de Seguimiento , Lactante

RESUMEN

In this study, the differences in the modification effects and related mechanisms of different times (20 and 40 min) of autoclaved heat (AH) treatment and different doses (2 and 4 kGy) of electron beam irradiation (EBI) in different sequences of effects on acorn starch were investigated. The results showed that both AH and EBI reduced the amylose content (22.70 to 19.59%) and enthalpy (10.28 to 1.84%) of starch but increased the resistant starch content (53.69 to 64.11%). AH treatment made the crystalline regions of the residual starch granules denser, which was resistant to the action of amylase enzymes. EBI degraded the long chain of starch, which increased the solubility. Notably, EBI pretreatment improves the reactive sites by inducing depolymerization and disorder in starch internal structure, thus increasing the modification extent of AH-modified starch, forming starch with lower viscosity, better hydration, and digestibility resistance, therefore being used as an ingredient for functional foods.

Asunto(s)

Calor , Solubilidad , Almidón , Almidón/química , Viscosidad , Electrones , Amilosa/química

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Natural products are increasingly gaining interest as potential new drug candidates for cancer treatment. Herbal formula, which are combinations of several herbs, are primarily used in East Asia and have a long history of use that continues today. Recently, research exploring the combination of herbal formulas and chemotherapy for cancer treatment has been on the rise. METHODS: This study reviewed research on the co-administration of herbal formulas and chemotherapy for cancer treatment. The databases PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were used for article searches. The following keywords were employed: "Antineoplastic agents," "Chemotherapy," "Phytotherapy," "Herbal medicine," "Drug synergism," and "Synergistic effect." The selection process focused on studies that investigated the synergistic interaction between herbal formulas and chemotherapeutic agents. RESULTS: Among the 30 studies included, 25 herbal formulas and 7 chemotherapies were used. The chemotherapy agents co-administered included cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, docetaxel, doxorubicin, oxaliplatin, irinotecan, and gemcitabine. The types of cancer most frequently studied were lung, breast, and colon cancers. Most studies evaluating the anticancer efficacy of combined herbal formula and chemotherapy treatment were conducted in vitro or in vivo. DISCUSSION: Most studies reported synergistic effects on cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and tumor growth inhibition. These effects were found to be associated with cell cycle arrest, anti-angiogenesis, and gene expression regulation. Further studies leading to clinical trials are required. Clinical experiences in East Asian countries could provide insights for future research.

Asunto(s)

Sinergismo Farmacológico , Neoplasias , Humanos , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Fitoterapia/métodos , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/administración & dosificación , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Animales , Plantas Medicinales/química , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/farmacología , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Medicina de Hierbas/métodos

RESUMEN

The integration of sonodynamic therapy (SDT) with cuproptosis for targeted cancer treatment epitomizes a significant advancement in oncology. Herein, we present a dual-responsive therapeutic system, "CytoNano", which combines a cationic liposome infused with copper-nitride nanoparticles and oxygen-rich perfluorocarbon (Lip@Cu3N/PFC-O2), all enveloped in a biomimetic coating of neutrophil membrane and acid-responsive carboxymethylcellulose. CytoNano leverages the cellular mimicry of neutrophils and acid-responsive materials, enabling precise targeting of tumors and their acidic microenvironment. This strategic design facilitates the targeted release of Lip@Cu3N/PFC-O2 within the tumor, enhancing cancer cell uptake and mitochondrial localization. Consequently, it amplifies the therapeutic efficacy of both Cu3N-driven SDT and cuproptosis while preserving healthy tissues. Additionally, CytoNano's ultrasound responsiveness enhances intratumoral oxygenation, overcoming physiological barriers and initiating a combined sonodynamic-cuproptotic effect that induces multiple cell death pathways. Thus, we pioneer a biomimetic approach in precise sonodynamic cuproptosis, revolutionizing cancer therapy.

Asunto(s)

Mitocondrias , Terapia por Ultrasonido , Humanos , Mitocondrias/metabolismo , Mitocondrias/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Terapia por Ultrasonido/métodos , Ratones , Línea Celular Tumoral , Neoplasias/terapia , Neoplasias/patología , Nanopartículas/química , Materiales Biomiméticos/química , Materiales Biomiméticos/farmacología , Cobre/química , Cobre/farmacología , Liposomas/química , Fluorocarburos/química , Biomimética/métodos , Oxígeno/química

Asunto(s)

Anticuerpos Monoclonales Humanizados , Urticaria Crónica , Tripterygium , Humanos , Anticuerpos Monoclonales Humanizados/uso terapéutico , Anticuerpos Monoclonales Humanizados/administración & dosificación , Urticaria Crónica/tratamiento farmacológico , Fitoterapia , Femenino , Resultado del Tratamiento , Quimioterapia Combinada , Adulto , Masculino , Resistencia a Medicamentos

RESUMEN

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by continuous mucosal ulceration of the colon, starting in the rectum. 5-Aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) is the main therapy for ulcerative colitis; however, it has side effects. Physical exercise effectively increases the number of anti-inflammatory and anti-immune cells in the body. In the current study, the effects of simultaneous treatment of treadmill exercise and 5-ASA were compared with monotherapy with physical exercise or 5-ASA in UC mice. To induce the UC animal model, the mice consumed 2% dextran sulfate sodium dissolved in drinking water for 7 days. The mice in the exercise groups exercised on a treadmill for 1 h once a day for 14 days after UC induction. The 5-ASA-treated groups received 5-ASA by enema injection using a 200 µL polyethylene catheter once a day for 14 days. Simultaneous treatment improved histological damage and increased body weight, colon weight, and colon length, whereas the disease activity index score and collagen deposition were decreased. Simultaneous treatment with treadmill exercise and 5-ASA suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis following UC. The benefits of this simultaneous treatment may be due to inhibition on nuclear factor-κB/mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling activation. Based on this study, simultaneous treatment of treadmill exercise and 5-ASA can be considered as a new therapy of UC.

Asunto(s)

Colitis Ulcerosa , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Mesalamina , Condicionamiento Físico Animal , Animales , Mesalamina/uso terapéutico , Mesalamina/farmacología , Colitis Ulcerosa/terapia , Colitis Ulcerosa/tratamiento farmacológico , Colitis Ulcerosa/inducido químicamente , Colitis Ulcerosa/patología , Ratones , Masculino , Colon/patología , Colon/efectos de los fármacos , Colon/metabolismo , Sulfato de Dextran , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/uso terapéutico