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Introducción: La técnica de resección completa del mesocolon (RCM) en la hemicolectomía derecha consiste en la disección por planos embriológicos para lograr la resección completa del envoltorio mesocolónico, además de una ligadura vascular central (LVC) con linfadenectomía D3, que no se realiza normalmente con la técnica estándar. Esta técnica se asocia a mejores resultados de sobrevida global y libre de enfermedad que la cirugía convencional en trabajos retrospectivos. Sin embargo, no existen datos de su implementación a nivel nacional. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar los resultados perioperatorios de la implementación del RCM en un centro universitario en nuestro medio. Materiales y Método: Estudio retrospectivo de cohorte de pacientes consecutivos sometidos a hemicolectomía derecha laparoscópica con técnica de RCM-LVC entre Enero 2022 y Junio 2023. Se recopilaron variables demográficas, perioperatorias, postoperatorias e histopatológicas. Los resultados se analizaron utilizando estadística descriptiva. Resultados: En el periodo, 29 pacientes se sometieron a RCM laparoscópica (mediana de edad 66(57-76) y 15(52%) sexo femenino). La mediana del tiempo quirúrgico fue 202,9 minutos. No hubo casos de conversión, filtración anastomótica, ni mortalidad. Hubo morbilidad en 9 casos (31%) y de estos solo 1(3,4%) fue Clavien-Dindo III (hematoma Pfannenstiel reintervenido). No hubo lesiones vasculares intraoperatorias. Mediana de hospitalización de 3 días. Doce casos (41%) eran etapa II y 8(28%) etapa III. La mediana de linfonodos resecados fue 23(18-28). Conclusión: Esta serie demuestra que la implementación de la RCM-LVC por vía laparoscópica para el tratamiento del cáncer de colon derecho y transverso es factible en centros con experiencia en cirugía colorrectal laparoscópica avanzada.
Introduction: Complete mesocolic excision (CME) consists in the dissection on embryologic planes in order to achieve a complete resection of the mesocolic envelope and performing a central vascular ligation (CVL) with a D3 lymphadenectomy which is not routinely done for standard right colectomies. CME has been associated with better overall survival and disease-free survival in comparison with conventional surgery in retrospective studies. However, there is no data on its implementation in Chile. The aim of this study is to assess the perioperative results of the implementation of CME in our center. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted. Consecutive patients undergoing a laparoscopic right hemicolectomy with CME-CVL between January 2022 and June 2023 were included. Demographic, perioperative, postoperative and histopathological data were collected. Results were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: During the study period, 34 patients underwent CME; 29 of them underwent laparoscopic CMECVL (median age 66 (57-76) and 15 (52%) female). The median operating time was 202,9 minutes. There were no cases of conversion, anastomotic leakage or mortality. There was morbidity in 9 cases (31%) and one of these (3,4%) was a Clavien-Dindo III morbidity (reoperation due to a Pfannenstiel haematoma). There were no intraoperative vascular injuries. The median length of stay was 3 days. Twelve cases (41%) were stage II and 8(28%) stage III. The median number of lymph nodes harvested was 23(18-28). Conclusion: This series demonstrate that the implementation of laparoscopic CME-CVL for right and transverse colon cancer is feasible in centers with experience in advanced laparoscopic colorectal cancer.
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Introduction: Streptococcus gallolyticus belongs to theStreptococcus bovis complex, and it is a common bacterium colonizing the gastrointestinal tract. Its presence in the blood may suggest an underlying pathology such as a colonic neoplasm. We report herein a case of S. bovis bacteremia in an apheresis platelet donor, review similar cases in the literature, and suggest a flowchart for the management of similar cases in other blood donation centers. Case Presentation: A 61-year-old subject presented to a Hemotherapy Service to make an apheresis platelet donation. On quality control testing, S. gallolyticus was identified in hemoculture, and the donor was called back for follow-up. At first, a new hemoculture was requested, and the patient was referred to the outpatient department of infectious diseases to further investigate pathologies associated with S. gallolyticus. A subsequent colonoscopy investigation evidenced a polypoid structure in the ascending colon. Pathology reported the resected specimen as a low-grade tubular adenoma. Conclusion: Isolation of S. bovis in blood products requires further investigation and should be managed with precision by Hemotherapy Services. A standard protocol for the management of asymptomatic patients with S. bovis positive hemoculture, with the requests of a new blood culture, a colonoscopy, and an echocardiogram is crucial, as it may ensure early diagnosis and reduce morbidity and mortality. (AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Bacteriemia/complicaciones , Neoplasias del Colon/diagnóstico , Streptococcus gallolyticus/aislamiento & purificación , Adenoma/etiología , Donación de SangreRESUMEN
Introducción: Entre las lesiones malignas que se describen, se encuentra el cáncer de pene. Esta entidad constituye del 2 al 5 por ciento de los tumores urogenitales masculinos; la lesión metastásica es muy poco frecuente. Objetivos: Describir las características clínicas y evolución tórpida de un paciente con metástasis en el pene, de una neoplasia del colon. Caso clínico: Paciente de 54 años, antecedentes personales de salud, fumador, historia de hiperplasia prostática benigna y prostatitis crónica. Ingresa con dolor en hemiabdomen inferior y tumoración abdominal. Se diagnostica plastrón intraabdominal. Es intervenido quirúrgicamente; la biopsia de la lesión informa adenocarcinoma de colon. A los 7 días de evolución aparecen lesiones en el glande, que resultaron metástasis del adenocarcinoma de colon. Fallece por complicaciones de la enfermedad. Conclusiones: Las metástasis de las neoplasias del colon, en el pene, son infrecuentes; indican un estadio avanzado de la enfermedad, con un pronóstico desfavorable(AU)
Introduction: Among the malignant lesions described is penile cancer. This entity constitutes 2 percent to 5 percent of male urogenital tumors, and metastatic lesion is very rare. Objectives: To describe the clinical characteristics and torpid evolution of a patient with metastases in the penis from colon neoplasia. Clinical case: 54-year-old patient, personal health history. Smoker, history of benign prostatic hyperplasia and chronic prostatitis, which begins with pain in the lower abdomen and abdominal tumor, intra-abdominal plastron is diagnosed and is surgically intervened with a biopsy of the lesion that reports colon adenocarcinoma. At 7 days of evolution, lesions appeared on the glans that resulted in metastasis of colon adenocarcinoma. He dies from complications of the disease within six months. Conclusions: Colonic neoplasm metastases in the penis are infrequent, they indicate an advanced stage of the disease, with an unfavorable prognosis(AU)
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Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias del Pene , Hiperplasia Prostática , Adenocarcinoma , Metástasis de la Neoplasia , PronósticoRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Introduction: The development of internal hernias due to the mesocolon defect after laparoscopic colectomy is a rare complication with only 39 cases described. There are controversies whether the closure of the defect of the mesocolon after resection of the colon could prevent the development of this complication. Objective: To describe a case of intestinal obstruction due to internal hernia through the mesocolon defect after laparoscopic rectosigmoidectomy and to perform a literature review. Case report: A 59-year-old woman was hospitalized for laparoscopic rectosigmoidectomy due to an adenocarcinoma located in the rectosigmoid junction. She underwent a rectosigmoidectomy by laparoscopy, with an extracorporeal mechanical anastomosis, without closure of the mesocolon defect. In the fifth postoperative day the patient presented an intestinal obstruction due to an internal hernia through the mesocolon defect confirmed by computerized tomography. During the exploratory laparotomy approximately 120 cm jejunum was identified through the mesocolon defect. The reduction of herniated small bowel was done without the need of intestinal resection. The mesocolon defect was corrected by continuous suture. After the reoperation, the patient presented a favorable recovery being discharged on the fifth day. Conclusion: Intestinal obstruction due to internal hernia after laparoscopic rectosigmoidectomy is a rare postoperative complication that can be avoided by the adequate closure of the mesocolon defect.
RESUMO Introdução: O desenvolvimento de hérnias internas pelo defeito mesocólico após a realização de colectomia laparoscópica é uma complicação rara com apenas 39 casos descritos. Existem controvérsias se fechamento do defeito após a ressecção do cólon preveniria o desenvolvimento desta complicação. Objetivo: Descrever um caso de obstrução intestinal por hérnia interna pelo defeito mesocólico, após retossigmoidectomia laparoscópica e revisar a literatura relacionada ao tema. Relato do caso: Mulher, 59 anos foi internada para realizar ressecção cirúrgica de adenocarcinoma localizado na junção retossigmoideana. Foi submetida à retossigmoidectomia laparoscópica, com confecção de anastomose mecânica extracorpórea. O defeito mesocólico não foi corrigido no final do procedimento. No quinto dia de pós-operatório, a doente apresentou quadro de obstrução intestinal cuja tomografia computadorizada identificou presença de hérnia interna pelo defeito do mesocólon. Na laparotomia exploradora identificou-se que aproximadamente 120 cm de alças jejunais estavam herniadas através do defeito mesocólico. Realizou-se a redução do intestino delgado herniado sem necessidade de ressecção intestinal. O defeito foi corrigido por sutura contínua. Após a reoperação a doente apresentou evolução favorável recebendo alta no quinto dia. Conclusão: Obstrução intestinal após retossigmoidectomia laparoscópica consequente à formação de hérnia interna é complicação pós-operatória rara, com alta mortalidade, que pode ser evitada pelo fechamento criterioso do defeito do mesocólico.
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Humanos , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adenocarcinoma , Neoplasias del Colon , Hernia/complicaciones , Obstrucción Intestinal , Laparoscopía , Colectomía , MesocolonRESUMEN
AIM: To evaluate the potential use of colonoscopy and endoluminal ultrasonic biomicroscopy (eUBM) to track the progression of mouse colonic lesions. METHODS: Ten mice were treated with a single azoxymethane intraperitoneal injection (week 1) followed by seven days of a dextran sulfate sodium treatment in their drinking water (week 2) to induce inflammation-associated colon tumors. eUBM was performed simultaneously with colonoscopy at weeks 13, 17-20 and 21. A 3.6-F diameter 40 MHz mini-probe catheter was used for eUBM imaging. The ultrasound mini-probe catheter was inserted into the accessory channel of a pediatric flexible bronchofiberscope, allowing simultaneous acquisition of colonoscopic and eUBM images. During image acquisition, the mice were anesthetized with isoflurane and kept in a supine position over a stainless steel heated surgical waterbed at 37 °C. Both eUBM and colonoscopic images were captured and stored when a lesion was detected by colonoscopy or when the eUBM image revealed a modified colon wall anatomy. During the procedure, the colon was irrigated with water that was injected through a flush port on the mini-probe catheter and that acted as the ultrasound coupling medium between the transducer and the colon wall. Once the acquisition of the last eUBM/colonoscopy section for each animal was completed, the colons were fixed, paraffin-embedded, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Colon images acquired at the first time-point for each mouse were compared with subsequent eUBM/colonoscopic images of the same sites obtained in the following acquisitions to evaluate lesion progression. RESULTS: All 10 mice had eUBM and colonoscopic images acquired at week 13 (the first time-point). Two animals died immediately after the first imaging acquisition and, consequently, only 8 mice were subjected to the second eUBM/colonoscopy imaging acquisition (at the second time-point). Due to the advanced stage of colonic tumorigenesis, 5 animals died after the second time-point image acquisition, and thus, only three were subjected to the third eUBM/colonoscopy imaging acquisition (the third time-point). eUBM was able to detect the four layers in healthy segments of colon: the mucosa (the first hyperechoic layer moving away from the mini-probe axis), followed by the muscularis mucosae (hypoechoic), the submucosa (the second hyperechoic layer) and the muscularis externa (the second hypoechoic layer). Hypoechoic regions between the mucosa and the muscularis externa layers represented lymphoid infiltrates, as confirmed by the corresponding histological images. Pedunculated tumors were represented by hyperechoic masses in the mucosa layer. Among the lesions that decreased in size between the first and third time-points, one of the lesions changed from a mucosal hyperplasia with ulceration at the top to a mucosal hyperplasia with lymphoid infiltrate and, finally, to small signs of mucosal hyperplasia and lymphoid infiltrate. In this case, while lesion regression and modification were observable in the eUBM images, colonoscopy was only able to detect the lesion at the first and second time-points, without the capacity to demonstrate the presence of lymphoid infiltrate. Regarding the lesions that increased in size, one of them started as a small elevation in the mucosa layer and progressed to a pedunculated tumor. In this case, while eUBM imaging revealed the lesion at the first time-point, colonoscopy was only able to detect it at the second time-point. All colonic lesions (tumors, lymphoid infiltrate and mucosal thickening) were identified by eUBM, while colonoscopy identified just 76% of them. Colonoscopy identified all of the colonic tumors but failed to diagnose lymphoid infiltrates and increased mucosal thickness and failed to differentiate lymphoid infiltrates from small adenomas. During the observation period, most of the lesions (approximately 67%) increased in size, approximately 14% remained unchanged, and 19% regressed. CONCLUSION: Combining eUBM with colonoscopy improves the diagnosis and the follow-up of mouse colonic lesions, adding transmural assessment of the bowel wall.
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Colon/diagnóstico por imagen , Colon/patología , Neoplasias del Colon/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias del Colon/patología , Colonoscopía , Endosonografía , Microscopía Acústica , Animales , Azoximetano , Broncoscopios , Neoplasias del Colon/inducido químicamente , Neoplasias del Colon/genética , Colonoscopios , Colonoscopía/instrumentación , Sulfato de Dextran , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Endosonografía/instrumentación , Diseño de Equipo , Femenino , Genes p53 , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones de la Cepa 129 , Ratones Noqueados , Microscopía Acústica/instrumentación , Miniaturización , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
A hipófise e a região selar podem ser acometidas por uma série de tumores. Nesse contexto, metástase é um diagnóstico diferencial raro, porém plausível. O diagnóstico de metástase para região selar é desafiador. Assim, espessamento da haste hipofisária, invasão de seio cavernoso e esclerose ao redor da sela são detalhes sutis que, apesar de não serem conclusivos, podem sugerir esse diagnóstico. Neste artigo os autores descrevem um caso de um paciente sem antecedentes oncológicos e com RM e TC sugestivas de macroadenoma hipofisário. Inesperadamente, a lesão era um adenocarcinoma metastático de cólon. Metástases cerebrais de câncer colorretal são raras, principalmente para região selar e normalmente aparecem após o diagnóstico da lesão primária. Nosso objetivo é descrever um caso de metástase de cólon para região selar e sua evolução e rever dados de literatura.
The pituitary gland and sellar region may be a site for a number of tumors. In this context a rare but feasible differential diagnosis is metastasis. The diagnosis of metastasis in the sellar region is challenging. Therefore, thickening of the pituitary stalk, invasion of the cavernous sinus and sclerosis around the sella, although not conclusive, may suggest this diagnosis. In this article the authors describe a case of a patient without any oncological history and with MRI and CT-scan suggestive of pituitary macroadenoma. Surprisingly the tumor was an metastatic colonic adenocarcinoma. Colonic and rectal metastasis to the brain are rare, particularly to the sellar region and normally appear after the primary lesion is already diagnosed. Our goal is to describe a case of colonic metastasis to the sellar region and its evolution and review literature data.
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Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Metástasis de la Neoplasia/diagnóstico , Neoplasias del Colon/diagnóstico , HipófisisRESUMEN
Relata-se caso raro de adenocarcinoma primário multicêntrico sincrônico em intestino delgado, apêndice cecal e intestino grosso, em homem de 82 anos, com quadro de abdome agudo inflamatório. Foi submetido à laparotomia exploradora, observando-se lesão intestinal estenosante e infiltrativa no ângulo hepático e múltiplas aderências entre as alças do intestino delgado. Foi realizada hemicolectomia direita. O estudo anatomopatológico mostrou 12 focos de adenocarcinomas primários comprometendo intestino delgado (oito focos), válvula ileocecal, apêndice cecal e intestino grosso (cólon ascendente e transverso).
A rare case of synchronous multicenter primary adenocarcinoma in the small intestine, cecal appendix and large intestine, in an 82-year-old man with a condition of acute abdominal inflammation, is reported. He underwent exploratory laparotomy, and a stenosing and infiltrative intestinal lesion was seen in the hepatic angle, along with multiple adherences between the loops of the small intestine. Right hemicolectomy was performed. The anatomopathological evaluation showed 12 foci of primary adenocarcinomas affecting the small intestine (eight foci), ileocecal valve, cecal appendix and large intestine (ascending and transverse colon).
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Humanos , Masculino , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Adenocarcinoma , Apéndice , Neoplasias del Colon , Íleon , Intestino Delgado/lesiones , Intestino Grueso/lesionesRESUMEN
El seguimiento postoperatorio tiene un rol importante para la sobrevida del paciente después de la resección curativa del cáncer colorrectal. OBJETIVOS: Describir las características del seguimiento con tomografía por emisión de positrones (PET) integrado a tomografía axial computarizada (CT) (PET/CT) y su impacto en los sobrevivientes de cáncer colorrectal (CCR) posterior a la resección con intención curativa en un hospital universitario en la prefectura de Tochigi, Japón. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Revisión consecutiva de las historias clínicas de 209 pacientes sometidos a estadificación prequirúrgica con PET/CT para la resección curativa de cáncer colorrectal entre abril de 2005 y marzo de 2008. La información de la evaluación postoperatoria se revisó hasta setiembre de 2008. RESULTADOS: De 209 pacientes que fueron estadificados preoperatoriamente por CCR, 207 (varones/mujeres = 125/82; edad promedio = 65,2 ± 11,4 años) fueron operados con intención curativa e incluidos en el presente estudio. La tasa de cumplimiento con los lineamientos de seguimiento de la Sociedad Japonesa para el Cáncer de Colon y Recto (JSCCR) fue del 53%. La sobrevida acumulada total al final del intervalo de estudio fue de 96.4%. La prueba más utilizada en el seguimiento postoperatorio del CCR fue el antígeno carcinoembrionario (CEA). La PET/CT fue la prueba que detectó más pacientes con lesiones recurrentes (n = 11; valor predictivo positivo = 23.4), entre ellos un paciente con lesión asintomática curable (metástasis a nódulo linfático inguinal), siendo la prueba con mayor efectividad (2.1%). No obstante, su elevado costo convierte a la PET/ CT en el procedimiento menos costo-efectivo. CONCLUSIONES: La utilización de PET/CT en el seguimiento posoperatorio tras resección curativa en CCR ha demostrado ser una alternativa individualizada y efectiva en el hallazgo de enfermedad asintomática curable. El estudio sistemático con CEA y CT como primera línea de despistaje y PET...
Postoperative surveillance has an important role in patient survival after curative resection of colorectal cancer. OBJECTIVES: To describe the characteristics of the follow-up with positron emission tomography(PET) / computed tomography (CT)(PET/CT) and its impact in colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors after curative resection in a university hospital in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Consecutive review of patients hospital charts who underwent presurgical staging with PET/CT for curative resection of colorectal cancer between April 2005 and March 2008. The follow-up data of these patients was reviewed until September 2008. RESULTS: Of 209 patients presurgically staged for CRC, 207 (male/female = 125/82; mean age = 65.3 ± 11.3 years) underwent curative resection and were included in the present study. The compliance rate with the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum (JSCCR) follow-up guidelines was 53%. The cumulative survival at the end of study interval was 96.4%. The test most commonly used in postoperative follow-up of CRC was the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). PET/CT was the test that detected more patients with recurrent lesions (n = 11, positive predictive value = 23.4), including one patient with an asymptomatic curable recurrence (inguinal lymph node metastasis), also being the most effective test (2.1%). However, its high cost makes it the less cost-effective. CONCLUSIONS: The use of PET/CT in the postoperative follow-up after curative resection in CRC has proven to be an individualized and effective alternative in the finding of asymptomatic disease curable. Systematic CEA tests with contrast-enhanced CT as a first line of screening and PET/CT as a second line may be an alternative follow up approach after curative resection for CRC.
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Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Niño , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias Colorrectales , Periodo Posoperatorio , Sobrevida , Tomografía de Emisión de PositronesRESUMEN
Os autores apresentam um caso de hérnia diafragmática congênita diagnosticada em paciente adulto jovem durante transoperatório de laparotomia exploradora. Esta, realizada visando a esclarecer quadro clínico sugestivo de obstrução colônica por etiologia neoplásica. É apresentada, ainda, uma revisão sobre o tópico, avaliando-se as semelhanças entre o caso em questão e as informações de literatura (AU)
The authors present a case of congenital diaphragmatic hernia diagnosed in a young adult patient during exploratory laparotomy. Surgery was performed to elucidate clinical findings sugestive of large bowel obstruction due to colonic neoplasia. It Is still presented a review about this subject, evaluating the similarities between the case and the literature informations (AU)