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Introducción: la micobacteria no terberculosa (NTM) forma un grupo heterogéneo de microorganismos que pueden causar infección en humanos. Las micobacterias no pigmentadas de rápido crecimiento (MNPCR) son de interés clínico debido al creciente número de pacientes infectados por ellos y a la dificultad del tratamiento. Dentro de este grupo, Mycobacterium fortuitum, Mycobacterium abscessus y Mycobacterium chelonae son reconocidos como patógenos potenciales; estas especies se han aislado de infecciones pulmonares y extrapulmonares. Objetivo: el objetivo de este trabajo es encontrar la frecuencia de aislamiento de especies micobacterianas de rápido crecimiento, específicamente el complejo Mycobacterium fortuitum, de muestras clínicas utilizando la técnica molecular de diagnóstico GenoType Mycobacterium CM. Material y Método: se analizaron 249 aislados de micobacterias no tuberculosas obtenidas de muestras pulmonares y extrapulmonares de pacientes sintomáticos en el período enero 2018-diciembre de 2022. La técnica molecular GenoType Mycobacterium CM se utilizó para identificar la especie. Resultados: Se obtuvieron 77 (3,9%) aislados de especies no pigmentadas de rápido crecimiento, estas se identificaron en orden decreciente: Mycobacterium fortuitum 65 (84,41%), Mycobacterium abcessus 9 (11,68%) y Mycobacterium chelonae 3 (4%). Conclusiones: los resultados reafirman que el complejo Mycobacterium fortuitum es responsable de la mayoría de las infecciones causadas por la micobacteria en rápido crecimiento en humanos. La técnica diagnóstica GenoType Mycobacterium CM es una herramienta útil para la rápida identificación de micobacterias; proporciona resultados precisos en menos tiempo, acortando significativamente el tiempo diagnóstico, permite la aplicación temprana de tratamiento específico, evitando así la propagación de la infección.
Introduction: non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) form a heterogeneous group of mi-croorganisms that can cause infection in humans. Fast-growing non-pigmented my-cobacteria (MNPCR) are of clinical interest due to the increasing number of patients infected by them and the difficulty of treatment. Within this group, Mycobacterium fortuitum, Mycobacterium abscessus and Mycobacterium chelonae are recognized as potential pathogens; these species have been isolated from both pulmonary and ex-trapulmonary infections. Objective: the objective of this work is to find the frequency of isolation of fast-growing non-pigmented mycobacterial species, specifically the Myco-bacterium fortuitum complex, from clinical samples using the GenoType® Mycobacteri-um CM diagnostic molecular technique. Material and Method: 249 isolates of non-tu-berculous mycobacteria obtained from pulmonary and extrapulmonary samples from symptomatic patients in the period January 2018-December 2022 were analyzed. The G e n oTy p e® Mycobacterium CM molecular technique was used to identify the species. Results: 77 (30.9%) isolates of fast-growing non-pigmented species were obtained, these were identified in decreasing order: Mycobacterium fortuitum 65 (84.41%), Myco-bacterium abcessus 9 (11.68%) and Mycobacterium chelonae 3 (4%). Conclusions: the results reaffirm that the Mycobacterium fortuitum complex is responsible for most in-fections caused by fast-growing mycobacteria in humans. The GenoType® Mycobacte-riumCM diagnostic technique is a useful tool for the rapid identification of mycobacte-ria; it provides accurate results in less time, significantly shortening the diagnostic time, it allows the early application of specific treatment, thus avoiding the spread of infec-tion.
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Humanos , Micobacterias no Tuberculosas/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Mycobacterium no Tuberculosas/diagnóstico , Terapéutica , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular/métodosRESUMEN
Extracellular synthesis of functional cyclodextrins (CDs) as intermediates of starch assimilation is a convenient microbial adaptation to sequester substrates, increase the half-life of the carbon source, carry bioactive compounds, and alleviate chemical toxicity through the formation of CD-guest complexes. Bacteria encoding the four steps of the carbohydrate metabolism pathway via cyclodextrins (CM-CD) actively internalize CDs across the microbial membrane via a putative type I ATP-dependent ABC sugar importer system, MdxEFG-(X/MsmX). While the first step of the CM-CD pathway encompasses extracellular starch-active cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferases (CGTases) to synthesize linear dextrins and CDs, it is the ABC importer system in the second step that is the critical factor in determining which molecules from the CGTase activity will be internalized by the cell. Here, structure-function relationship studies of the cyclo/maltodextrin-binding protein MdxE of the MdxEFG-MsmX importer system from Thermoanaerobacter mathranii subsp. mathranii A3 are presented. Calorimetric and fluorescence studies of recombinant MdxE using linear dextrins and CDs showed that although MdxE binds linear dextrins and CDs with high affinity, the open-to-closed conformational change is solely observed after α- and ß-CD binding, suggesting that the CM-CD pathway from Thermoanaerobacterales is exclusive for cellular internalization of these molecules. Structural analysis of MdxE coupled with docking simulations showed an overall architecture typically found in sugar-binding proteins (SBPs) that comprised two N- and C-domains linked by three small hinge regions, including the conserved aromatic triad Tyr193/Trp269/Trp378 in the C-domain and Phe87 in the N-domain involved in CD recognition and stabilization. Structural bioinformatic analysis of the entire MdxFG-MsmX importer system provided further insights into the binding, internalization, and delivery mechanisms of CDs. Hence, while the MdxE-CD complex couples to the permease subunits MdxFG to deliver the CD into the transmembrane channel, the dimerization of the cytoplasmatic promiscuous ATPase MsmX triggers active transport into the cytoplasm. This research provides the first results on a novel thermofunctional SBP and its role in the internalization of CDs in extremely thermophilic bacteria.
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Proteínas Portadoras , Dextrinas , Proteínas Portadoras/genética , Polisacáridos , Firmicutes , Bacterias Anaerobias , AlmidónRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CM) are a promising disease model, even though hiPSC-CMs cultured for extended periods display an undifferentiated transcriptional landscape. MiRNA-target gene interactions contribute to fine-tuning the genetic program governing cardiac maturation and may uncover critical pathways to be targeted. METHODS: We analyzed a hiPSC-CM public dataset to identify time-regulated miRNA-target gene interactions based on three logical steps of filtering. We validated this process in silico using 14 human and mouse public datasets, and further confirmed the findings by sampling seven time points over a 30-day protocol with a hiPSC-CM clone developed in our laboratory. We then added miRNA mimics from the top eight miRNAs candidates in three cell clones in two different moments of cardiac specification and maturation to assess their impact on differentiation characteristics including proliferation, sarcomere structure, contractility, and calcium handling. RESULTS: We uncovered 324 interactions among 29 differentially expressed genes and 51 miRNAs from 20,543 transcripts through 120 days of hiPSC-CM differentiation and selected 16 genes and 25 miRNAs based on the inverse pattern of expression (Pearson R-values < - 0.5) and consistency in different datasets. We validated 16 inverse interactions among eight genes and 12 miRNAs (Person R-values < - 0.5) during hiPSC-CMs differentiation and used miRNAs mimics to verify proliferation, structural and functional features related to maturation. We also demonstrated that miR-124 affects Ca2+ handling altering features associated with hiPSC-CMs maturation. CONCLUSION: We uncovered time-regulated transcripts influencing pathways affecting cardiac differentiation/maturation axis and showed that the top-scoring miRNAs indeed affect primarily structural features highlighting their role in the hiPSC-CM maturation.
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Células Madre Pluripotentes Inducidas , MicroARNs , Células Madre Pluripotentes , Animales , Diferenciación Celular/genética , Células Cultivadas , Humanos , Células Madre Pluripotentes Inducidas/metabolismo , Ratones , MicroARNs/genética , MicroARNs/metabolismo , Miocitos Cardíacos/metabolismoRESUMEN
Objective: Acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) is a surgical emergency with significant morbidity and mortality, as well as significant center-level variation in outcomes. Our study aims to leverage a nationally representative database to assess contemporary in-hospital outcomes in surgical repair of ATAAD, as well as the association of age and sex with outcomes. Methods: The National Inpatient Sample was queried to identify hospital discharge records of patients aged ≥18 years who underwent urgent surgical repair of ATAAD between 2017 and 2018. Patients with a diagnosis of thoracic aortic dissection, who underwent surgical intervention of the ascending aorta, were identified. Patient demographics were assessed, and predictors of in-hospital mortality were identified. Results: We identified 7805 weighted cases of surgically repaired ATAAD nationally, with an overall mortality of 15.3%. Mean age was 60.0 ± 13.6 years. There was a male predominance, although female subjects made up a larger proportion of older age groups-female subjects up 18.4% of patients younger than 40 years with ATAAD but 53.6% of patients older than 80 years. In multivariable analysis controlling for sex, race, comorbidities, and malperfusion, age was a significant predictor of mortality. Patients aged 71 to 80 years had a 5.3-fold increased risk of mortality compared with patients ≤40 years old (P < .001), and patients aged >80 years had a 6.8-fold increased risk of mortality (P < .001). Sex was not significantly associated with mortality. Conclusions: Surgical repair of ATAAD continues to carry high risk of morbidity and mortality, with outcomes impacted significantly by patient age, regardless of patient comorbidity burden.
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BACKGROUND: There is controversy regarding the treatment of symptomatic synovial cysts, specifically, the need for a concomitant fusion when surgical resection of the synovial cysts is required. We present a retrospective review of a series of patients treated for symptomatic synovial cysts of the lumbar region during the last 20 years by a single surgeon, analyzing the current available literature. METHODS: Retrospective review. The same surgical technique was applied to all patients. Demographic, clinical, surgical data and synovial cyst recurrence rate were recorded. Postoperative results reported by patients were documented according to the McNab score. RESULTS: Sixty nine subjects, with mean follow-up of 7.4 years. 62% (43) were female, with a mean 57.8 years at the time of surgery. In 91.3% (63), the primary management was conservative for a minimum period of 3 months. All subjects underwent surgery due to the failure of conservative treatment. The segment most operated on was L4-L5 (63.77%). 91.3% (63) of the sample reported excellent and good and 6 subjects (8.6%) fair or poor results. There was no evidence of synovial cysts recurrence at the operated level. CONCLUSION: In symptomatic synovial cysts, it seems that conservative treatment is only effective in a limited number of patients and in the short term. Thus, the recommendation of a surgical indication should proceed as soon as the conservative management fails to result in significant symptom relief. Based on our results, we recommend, together with the resection of the cyst, the instrumentation of the segment to avoid its recurrence and the management of axial pain.
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Enfermedades de la Columna Vertebral , Quiste Sinovial , Descompresión Quirúrgica , Femenino , Humanos , Vértebras Lumbares/cirugía , Región Lumbosacra/cirugía , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Enfermedades de la Columna Vertebral/cirugía , Quiste Sinovial/diagnóstico , Quiste Sinovial/cirugía , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
The CSF-470 vaccine (VACCIMEL) plus BCG and GM-CSF as adjuvants has been assayed in cutaneous melanoma patients. In the adjuvant randomized Phase II study CASVAC-0401, vaccinated patients had longer distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) than those treated with IFNα2b. Five years after locking the data, an actualization was performed. The benefit in DMFS was maintained in the vaccinated group versus the IFNα2b-treated group (p = 0.035), with a median DMFS of 96 months for VACCIMEL and 13 months for IFNα2b. The favorable risk-benefit ratio was maintained. DMFS was also analyzed as a single cohort in all the IIB, IIC, and III patients (n = 30) who had been treated with VACCIMEL. The median DMFS was 169 months, and at 48 months follow-up, it was 71.4%, which was not statistically different from DMFS of previously published results obtained in adjuvancy with ipilimumab, pembrolizumab, nivolumab, or dabrafenib/trametinib. The possible toxicity of combining VACCIMEL with anti-immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICKi) was analyzed, especially since VACCIMEL was co-adjuvated with BCG in every vaccination. A patient with in-transit metastases was studied to produce a proof of concept. During treatment with VACCIMEL, the patient developed T-cell clones reactive towards tumor-associated antigens. Three years after ending the VACCIMEL study, the patient progressed and was treated with ICKi. During ICKi treatment, the patient did not reveal any toxicity due to previous BCG treatment. When she recurred after a 4-year treatment with nivolumab, a biopsy was obtained and immunohistochemistry and RNA-seq were performed. The tumor maintained expression of tumor-associated antigens and HLA-I and immune infiltration, with immunoreactive and immunosuppressive features. VACCIMEL plus BCG and GM-CSF is an effective treatment in adjuvancy for stages IIB, IIC, and III cutaneous melanoma patients, and it is compatible with subsequent treatments with ICKi.
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Vacunas contra el Cáncer , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas , Melanoma , Neoplasias Cutáneas , Adyuvantes Inmunológicos , Antígenos de Neoplasias , Vacuna BCG , Vacunas contra el Cáncer/efectos adversos , Femenino , Factor Estimulante de Colonias de Granulocitos y Macrófagos , Humanos , Nivolumab/uso terapéutico , Melanoma Cutáneo MalignoRESUMEN
Residence time distribution (RTD) models were developed to track raw material lots and investigate batch transitions in a continuous manufacturing system. Two raw materials with similar physical properties (granular metformin and lactose) were identified via Principal Component Analysis (PCA) from a library of bulk material properties and used to simulate the switching of lots during production. In-line near-infrared (NIR) spectra were collected with the powder flowing through a chute in a continuous manufacturing system to monitor metformin and lactose concentration in step-change experiments with Partial Least Squares (PLS) models. RTD provided an understanding of raw material propagation through the continuous manufacturing system. Transition times between raw material changes were identified using the results of two multivariate approaches PLS and PCA. The methodology was implemented to discriminate the transition zone in a raw material change, contributing to design control strategies for acceptance and diverting mechanisms.
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Preparaciones FarmacéuticasRESUMEN
Abstract Simple, precise, accurate and speciï¬c spectrophotometric methods are progressed and validated for concurrent analysis of Furosemide (FUR) and Spironolactone (SPR) in their combined dosage form depend on spectral analysis procedures. Furosemide (FUR) in the binary mixture could be analyzed at its λmax 274 nm using its recovered zero order absorption spectrum using constant multiplication method (CM). Spironolactone (SPR) in the mixture could be analyzed at its λmax 238 nm by ratio subtraction method (RS). Concurrent determination for FUR and SPR in their mixture could be applied by amplitude modulation method (AM), absorbance subtraction method (AS) and ratio difference (RD). Linearity ranges of FUR and SPR were (2.0µg/mL-22.0 µg/mL) and (3.0µg/mL-30.0 µg/mL), respectively. Specificity of the proposed spectrophotometric methods was examined by analyzing the prepared mixtures in laboratory and was applied successfully for pharmaceutical dosage form analysis which have the cited drugs without additives contribution. The proposed spectrophotometric methods were also validated as per as the guidelines of ICH. Statistical comparison was performed between the obtained results with those from the official methods of the cited drugs, using one-way ANOVA, F-test and student t-test. The results are exhibiting insignificant difference concerning precision and accuracy
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Espectrofotometría/métodos , Espironolactona/antagonistas & inhibidores , Preparaciones Farmacéuticas/administración & dosificación , Furosemida/antagonistas & inhibidores , Análisis de Varianza , Formas de Dosificación , MétodosRESUMEN
Cm-p5 is a snail-derived antimicrobial peptide, which demonstrated antifungal activity against the pathogenic strains of Candida albicans. Previously we synthetized a cyclic monomer as well as a parallel and an antiparallel dimer of Cm-p5 with improved antifungal activity. Considering the alarming increase of microbial resistance to conventional antibiotics, here we evaluated the antimicrobial activity of these derivatives against multiresistant and problematic bacteria and against important viral agents. The three peptides showed a moderate activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae Extended Spectrum ß-Lactamase (ESBL), and Streptococcus agalactiae, with MIC values > 100 µg/mL. They exerted a considerable activity with MIC values between 25-50 µg/mL against Acinetobacter baumanii and Enterococcus faecium. In addition, the two dimers showed a moderate activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14. The three Cm-p5 derivatives inhibited a virulent extracellular strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, they inhibited Herpes Simplex Virus 2 (HSV-2) infection in a concentration-dependent manner, but had no effect on infection by the Zika Virus (ZIKV) or pseudoparticles of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). At concentrations of >100 µg/mL, the three new Cm-p5 derivatives showed toxicity on different eukaryotic cells tested. Considering a certain cell toxicity but a potential interesting activity against the multiresistant strains of bacteria and HSV-2, our compounds require future structural optimization.
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Antibacterianos/farmacología , Péptidos Catiónicos Antimicrobianos/química , Antivirales/farmacología , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple/efectos de los fármacos , Herpesvirus Humano 2/efectos de los fármacos , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Antibacterianos/química , Péptidos Catiónicos Antimicrobianos/farmacología , Antivirales/química , Candida albicans/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Dimerización , Bacterias Gramnegativas/efectos de los fármacos , Bacterias Grampositivas/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , SARS-CoV-2/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) presents as an exaggerated immune reaction that occurs during dysregulated immune restoration in immunocompromised patients in late-stage human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection who have commenced antiretroviral treatments (ART). Virtually any opportunistic pathogen can provoke this type of immune restoration disorder. In this review, we focus on recent developments in the identification of risk factors for Cryptococcal IRIS and on advancements in our understanding of C-IRIS immunopathogenesis. We overview new findings in blood and cerebrospinal fluid which can potentially be useful in the prediction and diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis IRIS (CM-IRIS). We assess current therapeutic regimens and novel treatment approaches to combat CM-IRIS. We discuss the utility of biomarkers for clinical monitoring and adjusting treatment modalities in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients co-infected with Cryptococcus who have initiated ART.
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OBJECTIVE: To determine independent risk factors for inappropriate antibiotic prescribing for acute respiratory tract infections (ARIs) in internal medicine (IM) residency-based primary care offices. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted to measure antibiotic prescribing rates, and multivariable analysis was utilized to identify predictors of inappropriate prescribing among patients presenting to IM residency-based primary care office practices. Patients with an office visit at either of 2 IM residency-based primary care office practices from January 1, 2016, through December 31, 2016, with a primary encounter diagnosis of ARI were included. RESULTS: During the study period, 911 unique patient encounters were included with 518 for conditions for which antibiotics were considered always inappropriate. Antibiotics were not indicated in 85.8% (782 of 911) of encounters. However, antibiotics were prescribed in 28.4% (222 of 782) of these encounters. Inappropriate antibiotic prescribing occurred in 111 of 518 (21.4%) encounters for conditions for which antibiotics are always inappropriate. Using multivariable logistic regression analysis to assess for independent risk factors when adjusted for other potential risk factors for office visits at which antibiotics were not indicated, IM resident-associated visits (odds ratio, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.18-0.36) was the only variable independently associated with lower risk of inappropriate antibiotic prescribing. CONCLUSION: For ARI visits at which antibiotics were not indicated, IM resident comanagement was associated with lower rates of inappropriate prescribing.
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Studies have shown the positive effects of prebiotics on the intestinal absorption of Ca and Fe. The present study evaluated the effect of fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) supplementation in soya beverage (SB) on absorption mechanisms of Ca and Fe in recently weaned rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: lactose-free cows' milk (CM), lactose-free CM with FOS (0·8 g/100 ml) (CMF), SB and soya beverage with FOS (0·8 g/100 ml) (SBF). These rats were euthanised after 1 week of treatment. Organ weight, pH of the caecal content and absorption mechanisms of Ca and Fe were evaluated. The results showed that the weight of the caecal contents increased in the CMF and SBF groups, and the pH of the caecal contents was lower in these groups. The Hb levels of the CMF and SB groups were higher when compared with that of the CM group and lower in relation to the SBF group. The apparent Ca and Fe absorption and apparent Ca retention in the CM group were higher when compared with the SB group, whereas in the CMF group, they were higher in relation to the SBF group. Divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) protein expression in the duodenum was higher in the SBF group than in the SB and CMF groups. SB resulted in lower intestinal Ca absorption and higher Hb concentration, despite the lower apparent Fe absorption in relation to CM. Supplementation with FOS provided beneficial effects on Hb and DMT1 protein expression in the duodenum, in addition to improving the absorption process.
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Bebidas , Calcio de la Dieta/metabolismo , Suplementos Dietéticos , Glycine max , Hierro/metabolismo , Oligosacáridos/administración & dosificación , Alimentación Animal , Animales , Proteínas de Transporte de Catión/metabolismo , Duodeno/metabolismo , Hematócrito , Hemoglobinas/análisis , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Absorción Intestinal , Intestinos , Hígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Leche , Minerales/metabolismo , Prebióticos/análisis , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Vitamina D/análogos & derivados , Vitamina D/metabolismo , DesteteRESUMEN
AIM: To evaluate apical transportation and centring ability during root canal preparation in mesial root canals of mandibular molars associated with ProTaper Gold (PTG), ProDesign S (PDS), Hyflex CM (HCM), Hyflex EDM and ProDesign Logic (PDL). METHODOLOGY: Sixty mandibular first molars with two separate canals in the mesial root were selected after root anatomy pairing by microcomputed tomography (microCT). The teeth were randomly divided into five groups (n = 24); the root canal volume was calculated to ensure sample homogeneity. All the root canals were prepared up to size 25 in accordance with the instructions of each rotary system manufacturer. After root canal preparation, the teeth were scanned by microCT to analyse apical transportation, root canal centralization and the pre- and post-preparation root canal volume at the apical and cervical levels. Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests were used for comparisons amongst groups for transportation values. For volume changes, the parametric ANOVA and Tukey's tests were used RESULTS: There were no significant differences in apical transportation amongst the rotary systems (P > 0.05). All the systems created apical transportation; values ranging from 0.031 mm (PDL) to 0.072 mm (PTG), and enlargements between 39% (HCM) and 91.1% (PDS) were observed. In relative to cervical transportation, significant differences were observed amongst the systems (P < 0.05). Mean transportation values between 0.07 mm (HCM) and 0.172 mm (PTG) were found, with enlargements between 35.4% (HCM) and 51.5% (PDS). CONCLUSION: All the thermally treated systems resulted in similar apical transportation. In the cervical region, the Hyflex CM and Prodesign Logic systems were associated with more centred preparations.
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Aleaciones Dentales/química , Instrumentos Dentales , Níquel/química , Preparación del Conducto Radicular/instrumentación , Titanio/química , Cavidad Pulpar/diagnóstico por imagen , Diseño de Equipo , Calor , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Ensayo de Materiales , Diente Molar , Propiedades de Superficie , Microtomografía por Rayos XRESUMEN
AIM: To investigate the surface morphology and electrochemical potential of superelastic (SE), M-Wire (MW) and shape memory technology (SMT) NiTi instruments before and after single clinical use in vivo. METHODOLOGY: A total of 60 ProTaper Universal F2 (PTU-SE), ProTaper Next X2 (PTN-MW), Typhoon (TYP), Hyflex (HF) and Vortex Blue (VB), the last three SMT, and size 25, .06 taper (n = 6 of each type) files were examined. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and electrochemical potential analysis were employed before and after clinical use. Statistical analysis was performed with one-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni's post hoc test. Significance was determined at the 95% confidence level for both tests. RESULTS: SEM observations of new instruments indicated the presence of marks left by the machining process during manufacturing and EDS revealed the existence of an oxide coating on shape memory instruments. After clinical use, the five types were associated with propagation of transverse cracks 3 mm from the tip. The surface oxide layer of TYP, HF and VB instruments had microcracks in multiple directions, whilst TYP and HF had fragmentation in chip form of the oxide layer. EDS analysis demonstrated a significant reduction of the oxide layer in shape memory instruments, except for VB. Electrochemical potentials were higher for shape memory instruments than for M-Wire and superelastic NiTi instruments, respectively (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: It appears that shape memory technology NiTi instruments have a dysfunctional oxide layer after clinical use. Additionally, they featured higher electrochemical potential relative to NiTi instruments manufactured from M-Wire, and conventional superelastic NiTi alloy.
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Aleaciones , Tratamiento del Conducto Radicular/instrumentación , Aleaciones/uso terapéutico , Electroquímica , Humanos , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Espectrometría por Rayos X , Propiedades de SuperficieRESUMEN
The purpose of this study was to determine the association between cardiometabolic risk with body mass index and skinfold independently or in combination in youth. This cross-sectional study comprised a convenience sample of 450 children and adolescents (255 girls), aged 10 to 18 years old. Indicators of body composition were measured, and hemodynamic assessment completed. The association between body mass index and/or sum of skinfolds and cardiometabolic risk (z score of the sum of triglycerides/high density lipoprotein cholesterol, waist circumference, and mean blood pressure), was calculated using Generalized Linear Models Regression. The results showed that youngsters classified as overweight or obese with the highest skinfold measurements had the strongest association with cardiometabolic risk (< beta >: 2.60; IC 95%: 2.25-3.0) when compared with those exhibiting normal skinfold thickness (< beta >: 1.78; IC 95%: 1.30-2.20). Body mass index was most strongly associated with cardiometabolic risk (< beta >: 1.78; IC 95%: 1.3-2.2), in comparison to skinfold thickness, which was associated to a lesser extent (< beta >: 0.41; IC 95%: 0.34-0.49). Results of this cross-sectional study indicate that body mass index is more strongly associated with cardiometabolic risk than skinfold thickness. However when these two measures of overweight/obesity are combined, prediction of cardiometabolic risk is further improved. It is therefore important that public health professionals consider both body mass index and sum of skinfolds to better predict cardiometabolic risk in overweight and obese youth. Implications for future research include the use of longitudinal designs and inclusion of children from other racial/ethnic groups.
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Se realizó una investigación descriptiva y longitudinal, de casos y controles, de 75 pacientes con cáncer en diferentes localizaciones, ingresados en el Hospital Oncológico Docente Provincial Conrado Benítez García de Santiago de Cuba, en un año, para evaluar la eficacia de la solución CM-95 tratada magnéticamente en la prevención y el tratamiento de la radiodermitis, aplicada antes y después de la radioterapia por vía tópica y oral en dosis de 15 mL en los 24 integrantes del grupo de estudio, en tanto, en el grupo de control (27 pacientes) se aplicó la misma solución sin magnetizar; el resto conformó un grupo (también de control) que no recibió ninguna de las disoluciones. En muchos de los casos no apareció la radiodermitis y no fue necesario interrumpir la radioterapia o disminuyó el tiempo de suspensión de esta a 7 días, mientras que en los controles se presentó más la entidad clínica y el tiempo de evolución para reanudar las radiaciones fue de 15 y 23 días. La mayoría de los pacientes del grupo de estudio mejoraron los efectos secundarios de la radioterapia, como gastritis, rectitis, diarreas, inapetencia, afectación del estado general, y mantuvieron los parámetros hematológicos en los límites normales(AU)
A descriptive and longitudinal cases and controls investigation, of 75 patients with cancer in different locations, admitted to Conrado Benítez García Teaching Provincial Cancer Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, in one year, was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the CM-95 solution magnetically treated in the prevention and treatment of radiodermitis, applied before and after the radiotherapy by means of topical and oral dose of 15 mL in the 24 members of the study group, as long as, in the control group (27 patients) the same solution was applied without magnetizing; the rest conformed a group (also control group) that didn't receive any of the solutions. In many of the cases the radiodermitis didn't appear and it was not necessary to interrupt the radiotherapy or its suspension time diminished in 7 days, while in the controls the clinical entity was more presented and the clinical course time to renew the radiations was of 15 and 23 days. Most of the patients of the study group improved the adverse effects of radiotherapy, as gastritis, rectitis, diarrheas, lack of appetite, acute distress, and they maintained the hematological parameters in the normal limits(AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Neoplasias , Magnetoterapia , Radioterapia , Profilaxis Pre-Exposición , Epidemiología Descriptiva , Estudios LongitudinalesRESUMEN
Se realizó una investigación descriptiva y longitudinal, de casos y controles, de 75 pacientes con cáncer en diferentes localizaciones, ingresados en el Hospital Oncológico Docente Provincial "Conrado Benítez García" de Santiago de Cuba, en un año, para evaluar la eficacia de la solución CM-95 tratada magnéticamente en la prevención y el tratamiento de la radiodermitis, aplicada antes y después de la radioterapia por vía tópica y oral en dosis de 15 mL en los 24 integrantes del grupo de estudio, en tanto, en el grupo de control (27 pacientes) se aplicó la misma solución sin magnetizar; el resto conformó un grupo (también de control) que no recibió ninguna de las disoluciones. En muchos de los casos no apareció la radiodermitis y no fue necesario interrumpir la radioterapia o disminuyó el tiempo de suspensión de esta a 7 días, mientras que en los controles se presentó más la entidad clínica y el tiempo de evolución para reanudar las radiaciones fue de 15 y 23 días. La mayoría de los pacientes del grupo de estudio mejoraron los efectos secundarios de la radioterapia, como gastritis, rectitis, diarreas, inapetencia, afectación del estado general, y mantuvieron los parámetros hematológicos en los límites normales
A descriptive and longitudinal cases and controls investigation, of 75 patients with cancer in different locations, admitted to "Conrado Benítez García" Teaching Provincial Cancer Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, in one year, was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the CM-95 solution magnetically treated in the prevention and treatment of radiodermitis, applied before and after the radiotherapy by means of topical and oral dose of 15 mL in the 24 members of the study group, as long as, in the control group (27 patients) the same solution was applied without magnetizing; the rest conformed a group (also control group) that didn't receive any of the solutions. In many of the cases the radiodermitis didn't appear and it was not necessary to interrupt the radiotherapy or its suspension time diminished in 7 days, while in the controls the clinical entity was more presented and the clinical course time to renew the radiations was of 15 and 23 days. Most of the patients of the study group improved the adverse effects of radiotherapy, as gastritis, rectitis, diarrheas, lack of appetite, acute distress, and they maintained the hematological parameters in the normal limits
Asunto(s)
Radioterapia , Neoplasias/radioterapia , MagnetismoRESUMEN
El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar los aspectos clínicos, histopatológicos e histoquímicos del melanoma cutáneo (MC) en caballos (Equus ferus caballus) del Departamento de Córdoba, Colombia. Dicho estudio fue de tipo descriptivo, no probabilístico, en caballos de conveniencia. Se utilizaron 24 caballos provenientes de diferentes explotaciones ganaderas, con diagnóstico clínico e histopatológico de MC. Al describir las lesiones, se observaron masas nodulares infiltrativas o con apariencia de placas, de tamaños variados, de consistencia firme, exofíticas, pigmentadas, alopécicas y, en algunos casos, con ulceraciones en la piel. Sin embargo, los tejidos adyacentes (óseos o musculares) no fueron invadidos por las lesiones. Las lesiones estaban localizadas en la superficie ventral de la cola, regiones perianal, perineal, genital (vulva, prepucio y pene), cuello, párpados y comisuras labiales de los animales estudiados. El análisis histopatológico con la coloración de hematoxilina-eosina, reveló la presencia de células de tamaño variable; así mismo, los núcleos diferían entre las células y se observaron figuras mitóticas. El tipo celular más observado fueron las células epiteliodes, pleomórficas y redondas. Las áreas tumorales estaban difusamente definidas y fuertemente pigmentadas, observándose la presencia de grandes cantidades de melanocitos atípicos agrupados (en nidos o tecas). Con la coloración de tricrómico de Gomori, se observó escasa proliferación dérmica de colágeno desorganizado, con escasa presencia de tejido conjuntivo difuso, mientras que, con la técnica de microscopía de polarización, utilizando la coloración de rojo picrosirius, se observaron áreas de birrefringencia rojiza, indicando moderada presencia de colágeno maduro tipo I (color rojo brillante en la polarización). El diagnóstico definitivo de la enfermedad, se fundamentó en las características clínicas, el diagnóstico diferencial y los hallazgos histopatológicos, siendo concluyentes como métodos de diagnóstico del MC, constituyendo el primer reporte de esta enfermedad en caballos del Departamento de Córdoba de Colombia.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical, histological, and histochemical aspects of cutaneous melanoma (CM) in convenience horses (Equus ferus caballus) of the Department of Cordoba, Colombia. The study was descriptive, non-probabilistic. A total of 24 horses from different farms, with clinical and histopathologic diagnosis of MC, were used. In describing the lesions, infiltrating or plate-appearance, firm, exophytic, pigmented, and alopecic tumor masses, were observed and; in some cases, skin ulcerations were seen. However, the adjacent tissues (bone or muscle) were not invaded by injuries. The lesions were located in the ventral surface of the tail, the perianal, perineal, and genital regions (vulva, foreskin, and penis), neck, eyelids, and labial commissures of the animals studied. Histological examination with hematoxylin staining-eosin revealed the presence of cells of variable size; similarly, the nuclei were different between cells and mitotic figures were observed. Most of the observed cell types were: epithelioid, pleomorphic, and round cells. Tumor areas were vaguely defined and highly pigmented, showing the presence of large amounts of grouped atypical melanocytes (in nests or teak). With trichrome Gomori staining, poor dermal proliferation of disorganized collagen was observed, with scarce presence of diffuse connective tissue, whereas with the polarization microscopy technique, which uses picrosirius red staining, areas of red birefringence were observed, indicating moderate presence of mature type I collagen (bright red color in polarization). The definitive diagnosis of MC was based on clinical features, differential diagnosis, and histopathologic findings. These were conclusive diagnostic methods for MC, becoming the first report of this disease in horses of the Cordoba Department, Colombia.
RESUMEN
This study evaluated the feasibility of using immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography (IMAC) for separation of human Fab fragments using four different transition metal ions copper, nickel, zinc, and cobalt chelated to CM-Asp (carboxymethylaspartate) immobilized on the agarose gel. The Fab and Fc fragments (from human IgG digested with papain) interacted differently with the chelates studied, depending on the adsorption buffer system. The interaction between chelate and Fc fragment is predominantly based on the coordination bonds using adsorption buffer containing NaCl. Negative chromatography was performed on Cu(II)-CM-Asp-agarose obtaining 2.9mg of Fab per mL of adsorbent in nonretained fractions (Fc fragment-free without uncleaved IgG). The adsorption of Fab fragments is governed by electrostatic forces in the absence of NaCl in the adsorption buffer. High selectivity was achieved on Co(II)-CM-Asp-agarose and 5.7mg of Fab per mL of adsorbent was obtained in eluted fractions without Fc fragments, although having uncleaved IgG. The results showed that chromatography on transition metal ions chetated to CM-Asp-agarose is a promising approach to separation of Fab fragments from papain-digested human IgG solution.