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1.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39269465

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: The operative treatment of mid-shaft clavicle fractures shows benefit in union rates, return to work, and lower pain scores relative to non-operative treatment. We sought to determine if the surgical treatment of isolated mid-shaft clavicle fractures would result in fewer opioids prescribed as compared to those managed non-operatively. METHODS: All mid-shaft clavicle fractures treated at a Level 1 trauma center were identified from 2012 to 2016. Demographics, fracture characteristics, surgical complications/outcomes, non-operative outcomes, and all narcotics prescribed for 6 months post-injury were collected. Narcotic prescriptions, in morphine equivalents (ME), were obtained through the state prescription drug monitoring program (PDMP). RESULTS: One hundred and ten operative and 48 non-operative patients were included. Age, gender, previous alcohol, tobacco or drug use, and final range of motion were similar between groups. Pre-treatment fracture shortening (1.8 cm vs. 0.7 cm, p < 0.001) and displacement (150% vs. 70%, p < 0.001) were greater in the operative group. Total ME's (604 vs. 187, p < 0.001) and post-operative ME's (420 vs. 187, p < 0.001) were greater for the operative group. In either group, no other variable influenced ME's prescribed. CONCLUSION: Clavicles treated operatively receive substantially more opiates than those treated non-operatively, despite data suggesting that operative treatment makes clavicle fractures less painful. The total amount of narcotic analgesics obtained by operatively treated patients was over three times that obtained by non-operatively managed patients, which equates to 55 5 mg oxycodone pills or 85 5 mg hydrocodone pills per patient. While there may certainly be advantages to the operative treatment of clavicle fractures, they must be weighed against the risks of a significant increase in opiate prescribing and potential consumption.

2.
J Orthop Case Rep ; 14(9): 30-35, 2024 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39253669

RESUMEN

Introduction: Open clavicle fractures are rare, and there are no current reported cases in the literature of a missed open clavicle with resultant fracture-related infection and osteomyelitis. Case Report: We present a 65-year-old female with no reported medical history, who presented to our institution with left clavicular pain and wound drainage 8 days after she was struck by a motor vehicle in her home country of Guyana. She was found to have a missed open clavicle fracture with an associated severe infection. She was subsequently treated with irrigation, debridement, and distal clavicle excision. Conclusion: We present this unique case with a potential procedure which could prove beneficial in cases of infection, trauma, or oncologic lesions in which the distal clavicle is deemed unsalvageable.

3.
Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi ; 38(8): 942-946, 2024 Aug 15.
Artículo en Chino | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39175315

RESUMEN

Clavicle fracture is a common orthopedic injury, accounting for approximately 2.6%-4% of all adult skeletal fractures. In 2023, the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) developed evidence-based treatment guidelines for clavicle fractures, which include 4 recommendations and 10 options. This article, based on a thorough review of the guidelines, discusses the clinical treatment of clavicle fractures, aiming to share advancements and the latest diagnostic and therapeutic considerations with orthopedic colleagues to enhance treatment outcomes.


Asunto(s)
Clavícula , Fracturas Óseas , Clavícula/lesiones , Humanos , Fracturas Óseas/cirugía , Fracturas Óseas/terapia , Fijación Interna de Fracturas/métodos , Guías de Práctica Clínica como Asunto , Cirujanos Ortopédicos , Estados Unidos , Ortopedia/normas
4.
Artículo en Alemán | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39107631

RESUMEN

Medial clavicle fractures and injuries to the sternoclavicular joint are rare injuries but can have life-threatening consequences. There are no standardized treatment algorithms or guidelines for the diagnostics and treatment. This article provides an overview of the individual topographies as well as the conservative and surgical treatment strategies.Conservative treatment is preferred for medial clavicle fractures. The indications for surgical treatment are variable but this is frequently carried out if there is a fracture displacement > 1 cm or 1 shaft width and high functional demands. In the case of accompanying injuries to neurovascular structures, an open fracture or the threat of perforation of the skin, surgical treatment is mandatory. Open reduction and internal fixation using (locking) plates is currently the preferred form of treatment.In the case of posterior dislocation of the sternoclavicular joint, an immediate closed reduction must be attempted with the patient under analgosedation and with emergency treatment on standby. This temporal urgency does not exist for anterior and superior dislocations. Surgical treatment is indicated in cases of unsuccessful reduction, persistent symptomatic instability or injuries of the neurovascular bundle. From a multitude of treatment options, arthrodesis with suture cerclage has shown good results. Tendon grafts as well as special hook plates are increasingly being used due to better biomechanical qualities. The surgical treatment of combined injuries is determined by the individual injury pattern.Despite the variety of treatment strategies, the long-term outcome has consistently been positively described.

5.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol ; 12: 1413679, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39183820

RESUMEN

Despite residual functional deficits clinically observed in conservatively treated mid-shaft clavicle fractures, no study has reported a quantitative assessment of the treatment effects on the kinematics of the shoulder complex during functional movement. Using computerised motion analysis, the current study quantified the 3D residual kinematic deviations or strategies of the shoulder complex bones during multi-plane elevations in fifteen patients with conservatively treated mid-shaft clavicle fractures and fifteen healthy controls. Despite residual clavicular malunion, the patients recovered normal shoulder kinematics for arm elevations up to 60° in all three tested planes. For elevations beyond 60°, normal clavicle kinematics but significantly increased scapular posterior tilt relative to the trunk was observed in the patient group, leading to significantly increased clavicular protraction and posterior tilt relative to the scapula (i.e., AC joint). Slightly different changes were found in the sagittal plane, showing additional changes of increased scapular upward rotations at 90° and 120° elevations. Similar kinematic changes were also found on the unaffected side, indicating a trend of symmetrical bilateral adaptation. The current results suggest that shoulder kinematics in multi-plane arm elevations should be monitored for any compromised integrated motions of the individual bones following conservative treatment. Rehabilitation strategies, including muscle strengthening and synergy stability training, should also consider compensatory kinematic changes on the unaffected side to improve the bilateral movement control of the shoulder complex during humeral elevation.

6.
JSES Rev Rep Tech ; 4(3): 393-397, 2024 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39161466

RESUMEN

Background: Distal one-third clavicle fractures are frequently unstable and often require surgical fixation due to high rates of nonunion. Many common methods of fixation have high rates of union but are associated with hardware discomfort and need for secondary surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of a fixation technique involving arthroscopically assisted open reduction internal fixation of unstable distal clavicle fractures via a coracoclavicular (CC) suspensory endobutton and cerclage tape. Methods: This was a retrospective case series evaluating patients who underwent fixation of unstable distal clavicle fractures via arthroscopically assisted CC stabilization by a single fellowship-trained shoulder and elbow surgeon between 2020 and 2022. Demographic and injury-related data were collected via chart review. Preoperative and postoperative radiographs were reviewed to evaluate for signs of radiographic union. Primary outcome measures included fracture union, complications, and need for additional procedures. Patients were also contacted via telephone to obtain American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores. Results: Six patients were eligible for inclusion in this study with a mean age of 52.8 ± 14.0 and a mean follow-up of 2.0 years (range 1.6-2.7 years). Mean American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores were 86.2 ± 21.8 (range 52-100). There were no postoperative complications, signs of symptomatic hardware, or need for secondary surgery at the final follow-up among this cohort of patients. All patients had achieved and maintained full radiographic union at a mean radiographic follow-up of 5.5 months (range 2.0-12.9 months). Conclusion: Arthroscopically assisted CC stabilization of distal clavicle fractures demonstrated high union rates while limiting complications or need for secondary hardware removal. Further analysis on a larger scale is recommended to determine long-term outcomes and direct comparison to other surgical techniques.

7.
Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi ; 38(8): 947-953, 2024 Aug 15.
Artículo en Chino | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39175316

RESUMEN

Objective: To explore effectiveness of minimally invasive internal fixation with locking plates for mid-shaft clavicle fractures. Methods: Between October 2022 and August 2023, 28 patients with mid-shaft clavicle fractures were treated by minimally invasive internal fixation with locking plates. There were 10 males and 18 females with a mean age of 46.2 years (range, 18-74 years). The fractures were caused by traffic accident in 16 patients, sports-related injury in 7 patients, and other injuries in 5 patients. According to Robinson classification, the fractures were classified as type 2A1 in 1 case, type 2A2 in 6 cases, type 2B1 in 15 cases, and type 2B2 in 6 cases. The interval between fracture and operation ranged from 5 hours to 21 days (median, 1.0 days). The pain visual analogue scale (VAS) score was 8.1±1.6. The VAS score at 3 days after operation and the occurrence of complications after operation were recorded. During follow-up, X-ray films were re-examined to observe the healing of the fracture; the shoulder joint function was evaluated according to the Constant-Murley score at 6 months, and the length of the incision scar (total length of the distal and proximal incisions) was measured. Results: All operations were successfully completed without any subclavian vascular or nerve damage. All incisions healed by first intention. The VAS score was 1.2±0.7 at 3 days after operation, and there was a significant difference in VAS score between pre- and post-operation ( t=8.704, P<0.001). At 1 week after operation, the patient's shoulder was basically painless, and they resumed normal life. All patients were followed up 12-20 months (mean, 13.3 months). X-ray films showed that the bone callus began to form at 2-4 months after operation (mean, 2.7 months). There was no delayed healing or non healing of the fracture, and no loosening or fracture of the internal fixators during follow-up. At 6 months after operation, the mean total incision length was 1.5 cm (range, 1.1-1.8 cm); no patient complained of numbness or paresthesia on subclavicular region or anterior chest wall. The Constant-Murley score of shoulder joint function was 93-100 (mean, 97.6). Conclusion: Minimally invasive internal fixation with locking plates is a good surgical method for treating mid-shaft clavicle fractures, with simple operation, minimal trauma, good postoperative results, and high satisfaction.


Asunto(s)
Placas Óseas , Clavícula , Fijación Interna de Fracturas , Fracturas Óseas , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Mínimamente Invasivos , Humanos , Clavícula/lesiones , Clavícula/cirugía , Masculino , Fijación Interna de Fracturas/métodos , Fijación Interna de Fracturas/instrumentación , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Mínimamente Invasivos/métodos , Fracturas Óseas/cirugía , Anciano , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Resultado del Tratamiento , Curación de Fractura
8.
J Clin Med ; 13(16)2024 Aug 16.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39200992

RESUMEN

Background: The surgical treatment of bony non-unions is traditionally performed with additional bone grafts when atrophic and/or stronger implants when hypertrophic. In the case of the clavicle shaft, however, in our experience, a more controversial method where no additional bone graft is needed leads to equally good consolidation rates, independent of the non-union morphology. This method requires the meticulous anatomical reconstruction of the initial fracture and fixation according to the AO principle of relative stability. Methods: A retrospective review following the STROBE guidelines was performed on a consecutive cohort of all patients who received surgical treatment of a midshaft clavicle non-union at the Medical Center of the University of Freiburg between January 2003 and December 2023. Patients were identified using a retrospective systematical query in the Hospital Information System (HIS) using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems Version 10 (ICD-10) codes of the German Diagnosis Related Groups (G-DRG). Two groups were formed to compare the consolidation rates of patients who received additional bone grafting from the iliac crest with those of patients who did not. A 3.5 mm reconstruction LCP plate was used in all patients. Consolidation rates were evaluated using follow-up radiographs and outcomes after material removal with a mean follow-up of 31.5 ± 44.3 months (range 0-196). Results: Final data included 50 patients, predominantly male (29:21); age: 46.0 ± 13.0 years, BMI 26.1 ± 3.7. Autologous bone grafts from the iliac crest were used in 38.0% (n = 19), while no bone addition was used in 62.0% (n = 30). Six patients were lost to follow-up. Radiological consolidation was documented after a mean of 15.1 ± 8.0 months for the remaining 44 patients. Consolidation rates were 94.4% (n = 17) in patients for whom additional bone grafting was used and 96.2% (n = 25) in patients for whom no graft was used. There was no relevant difference in the percentage of atrophic or hypertrophic non-unions between both groups (p = 0.2425). Differences between groups in the rate of consolidation were not significant (p = 0.7890). The complication rate was low, with 4.5% (n = 2). Conclusions: Independent of the non-union morphology, non-unions of the clavicle midshaft can be treated successfully with 3.5 mm locking reconstruction plates without the use of additional bone grafting in most cases.

9.
J Perioper Pract ; : 17504589241264408, 2024 Jul 26.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39056524

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Regional anaesthesia can be an attractive alternative anaesthetic approach in clavicle surgery, but it requires the peripheral block of multiple cervical and brachial nerves that transmit nociceptive information. Deep cervical plexus blocks, as paravertebral nerve block, can lead to severe side effects, such as unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis. CASE REPORT: A 66-year-old male patient, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status III, was scheduled for open reduction and internal fixation of the right clavicle with plates and screws after a high-energy trauma. Pre-anaesthetic evaluation revealed right hemopneumothorax and bilateral rib fractures. We decided to perform regional anaesthesia (superficial cervical plexus block and clavipectoral fascial plane block), combined with dexmedetomidine perfusion to avoid invasive mechanical ventilation and prevent additional pulmonary complications. The surgical procedure was successfully completed without any further anaesthesia requirements. The patient remained comfortable during the postoperative period. CONCLUSION: Regional anaesthesia for clavicle surgeries has the advantage of promoting non-opioid free anaesthesia. Effective pain control enhances patient satisfaction and reduces the length of stay in hospital. In our case report, a combined superficial cervical plexus block and clavipectoral fascial plane block was a safe and effective regional anaesthetic approach.

10.
Int J Surg Case Rep ; 121: 109998, 2024 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38996791

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Kirschner wire is a widely used implant in orthopedics, with migration being a typical problem following internal fixation. Subcostal wire migration might result in catastrophic problems such as penetration of the heart, lungs, trachea, big blood vessels, or abdominal cavity. Every orthopedic surgeon must be vigilant and mindful of the potential hazards of wire migration. CASE REPORT: a 45-year-old Indonesian male was referred from another hospital. 1 year prior, the patient underwent internal fixation of the left clavicle. 2 weeks before admission, the patient complained of stabbing pain in the left shoulder area. An X-ray examination revealed a broken end wire in the left infraclavicular area. Immediate wire-extraction surgery was planned. An X-ray and CT scan showed that the wire had migrated into the left lateral side of the 9th subcostal space and was heading inferiorly. The Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Department carried out the wire evacuation. The wire was successfully removed without any concern. DISCUSSION: Previous studies have suggested that wire migration can occur due to muscular activity, respiratory motion, gravity, and upper-extremity movement. Wire migration is a condition that can occur following shoulder fixation, especially in comminuted fractures that typically use K-wires to stabilize the fragments. Upon the detection of wire migration, prompt evacuation should be conducted to mitigate the severity. CONCLUSION: In cases of wire migration, orthopedic surgeons should pay special attention. Actions that can be taken to prevent wire migration are to: bend the wire, use a threaded wire, and remove it quickly after callus formation.

11.
J Surg Case Rep ; 2024(6): rjae196, 2024 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38832067

RESUMEN

A displaced distal clavicle fracture often necessitates surgical intervention, with various open and closed reduction options. Open reduction is easier but raises blood supply concerns, while closed reduction can involve complex deforming forces with differing displacement vectors. Herein, we demonstrate how a Nice knot with its sliding and self-locking qualities can be used to make closed reduction easier and the alignment more secure. A case report illustrates this Nice knot application in a 61-year-old male with a distal clavicle fracture. The Nice knot's ability to be loosened and retightened ensured more precise alignment in this case. The Nice knot technique is a versatile option for easier and more secure distal clavicle fracture management.

13.
J Orthop Traumatol ; 25(1): 31, 2024 Jun 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38864994

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to explore the efficacy of a novel intramedullary fixation technique using the ortho-bridge system (OBS) for midshaft clavicle fractures. METHODS: A total of 63 patients were included in this study: 35 underwent plate internal fixation (LP group) and 28 underwent OBS intramedullary fixation (OBS group). Surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, incision length, fracture healing time, removal of the internal fixation agent, visual analog scale (VAS) score for shoulder pain, Constant-Murley shoulder score and complication occurrence were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Preoperative general data, such as sex, age and fracture type, were not significantly different between the two groups (P > 0.05). However, the OBS group exhibited better outcomes than the LP group exhibited in terms of surgical time, intraoperative blood loss and total incision length (P < 0.05). Additionally, the OBS group exhibited a significantly shorter fracture healing time and internal-fixation removal time than the LP group exhibited (P < 0.05). The VAS scores on postoperative day 1, week 1, month 1 and month 3 were lower in the OBS group than in the LP group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the Constant-Murley shoulder scores at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively were higher in the OBS group than in the LP group (P < 0.05), with no significant difference at 1 year after surgery (P > 0.05). None of the patients in the OBS group experienced scarring of the surgical incision, and 6 patients in the LP group experienced scarring of the surgical incision. Finally, the complication incidence in the OBS group was lower than that in the LP group. CONCLUSION: For midshaft clavicle fractures, OBS intramedullary fixation is better than locking-plate internal fixation because it led to less trauma, a faster recovery, better efficacy, and better esthetic outcomes and comfort. Therefore, this technique may have potential as a novel treatment for midshaft clavicle fractures. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III, retrospective observational study.


Asunto(s)
Placas Óseas , Clavícula , Fijación Intramedular de Fracturas , Curación de Fractura , Fracturas Óseas , Tempo Operativo , Humanos , Clavícula/lesiones , Clavícula/cirugía , Masculino , Femenino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Fracturas Óseas/cirugía , Adulto , Fijación Intramedular de Fracturas/métodos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Resultado del Tratamiento , Dimensión del Dolor , Pérdida de Sangre Quirúrgica/estadística & datos numéricos , Fijación Interna de Fracturas/métodos
14.
Cureus ; 16(5): e60244, 2024 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38872679

RESUMEN

The clavipectoral fascial plane block (CFPB) that has been utilized for clavicle fracture surgeries and pain management is an emerging anesthetic technique. It has been previously used for postoperative pain management, but it can also be used as a stand-alone anesthetic technique for clavicle fracture management. Here we describe a case of a 20-year-old male who underwent open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with plating for a mid-shaft clavicular fracture under a CFPB as a sole anesthetic.

16.
JSES Rev Rep Tech ; 4(2): 141-145, 2024 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38706675

RESUMEN

Background: A clavicle fracture often changes the mechanical axes of the shoulder girdle due to displacement and shortening, potentially leading to scapular protraction and decreased subacromial space. If protraction of the scapula is a major risk factor for developing subacromial pain syndrome (SAPS), a previous clavicle fracture could increase the risk of later SAPS. The purpose of this study was to investigate if a previous clavicle fracture correlates with a higher occurrence or earlier diagnosis of SAPS. Methods: In this retrospective case-control study with data from the Danish National Patient Register, all persons aged 18-60 years, with any hospital contact due to a clavicle fracture (DS420) between January 1, 1996, and December 31, 2005, were identified as cases. For each case, five controls, matched on age and sex, were identified. Primary outcome was the first hospital contact with a SAPS diagnosis (DM751-755) registered more than 180 days following the fracture. Follow-up was until November 01, 2021. Results: 21.973 cases and 109.865 controls were included. The incidence of clavicle fractures was 76 fractures per 100.000 persons per year. Twenty-three percent were female. 1.640 (7.46%) cases and 8.072 (7.35%) controls received a SAPS diagnosis within the following 15-25 years, demonstrating no significant difference in the occurrence of SAPS (P = .56). The mean time from fracture to SAPS diagnosis was shorter for cases compared to controls (4040 vs. 4442 days, P < .001), and cases were slightly younger when receiving the diagnosis (51.3 vs. 53.6 years, P < .001). 1614 cases underwent surgical fixation. This subgroup had a statistically significant higher occurrence of later SAPS diagnosis (205 cases, 13%, P < .001). Conclusions: Persons with a previous clavicle fracture did not have an increased occurrence of receiving a SAPS diagnosis compared to matched controls. However, the diagnosis was given 1-2 years earlier for people with a previous fracture. Based on these findings, no strong argument for protraction of the scapula as a major risk factor for the development of SAPS was found.

17.
JSES Int ; 8(3): 394-399, 2024 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38707556

RESUMEN

Background: Treatment of displaced distal clavicle fractures with bony avulsion of the coracoclavicular (CC) ligaments often warrants surgical fixation, yet a gold standard surgical technique is to be defined. The purpose of this study was to compare the biomechanical fixation strength of a new fixation technique, the CC stand-alone cow-hitch suture reconstruction, and to compare this technique with a clavicle hook plate and a lateral locking plate with CC suture reconstruction. Methods: Simulated Neer type V distal clavicle fractures of the clavicle were created in 18 cadaveric shoulders, which were matched by age and gender in 3 groups: (1) clavicle hook plate (group HP), (2) lateral locking plate fixation with CC suture reconstruction (group LPCC), and (3) CC stand-alone suture reconstruction using the cow-hitch technique (group CH). After preconditioning with 25 N for 10 cycles, the specimens were cycled in the coronal plane for 500 cycles from 10N to 70N. Displacement and ultimate load to failure were documented and analyzed with the data acquisition system. Results: There was a significant difference in the fracture displacement during cyclic loading between the LPCC group and the HP group (0.6 vs. 1.7 mm; P = .02) and between the CH and HP groups (0.5 vs. 1.7 mm; P = .004). Fracture displacement was not different between the LPCC and the CH groups (P = .544). The CH group and the LPCC group showed a significantly higher stiffness compared to the HP group (P < .001 and P = .003, respectively). The CH group showed a significantly higher ultimate load to failure compared with the HP group (429 vs. 172 N; P = .005) and showed a tendency toward higher ultimate load to failure when compared with the LPCC group (429 vs. 258 N; P = .071). Conclusion: The CC stand-alone cow-hitch suture reconstruction and the locking plate with CC reconstruction showed higher fixation strength compared with the hook plate for simulated Neer type V distal clavicle fractures. There was a tendency of higher ultimate load to failure with the cow-hitch technique compared with the lateral locking plate with CC suture reconstruction, and given the potential advantages of less soft tissue stripping, metal-free fixation, low costs, and simple surgical technique, clinical application of the all-suture CC reconstruction using the cow-hitch for Neer type V distal clavicle fractures appears warranted.

18.
JSES Int ; 8(3): 407-422, 2024 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38707570

RESUMEN

Background: Various plate types are used in the surgical treatment of displaced midshaft clavicle fractures. These plates can be positioned in different locations on the clavicle, although no studies to date have elucidated optimal plate type and location of fixation. This systematic review compares the functional outcomes and complications in the management of displaced midshaft clavicle fractures using plate fixation by stratifying by both plate type and location. Methods: A systematic review according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines was conducted to identify all papers reporting functional outcomes, union rates, and/or complications using plates for the management of midshaft clavicle fractures. Multiple databases and trial registries were searched from inception until March 2022. A meta-analysis was conducted for functional outcomes and type of complication, stratified by plate type (locking, compression, or reconstruction) and location (superior or anteroinferior). Pooled estimates of functional outcome scores and incidence of complications were calculated using a random effects model. Risk of bias and quality were assessed using the risk of bias version 2 and ROBINS-I (Risk Of Bias In Non-randomised Studies - of Interventions) tools. The confidence in estimates were rated and described according to the recommendations of the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations) working group. Results: Forty-five studies were included in the systematic review and 43 were included in the meta-analysis. Depending on plate type and location, pooled Constant-Murley Scores ranged from 89.23 to 93.48 at 12 months. Nonunion rates were 3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 1-6) for superior locking plates (GRADE Low). Rates of any complication (nonunion, hardware failure, hardware irritation, wound dehiscence, keloid, superficial infection, deep infection, delayed union, malunion, and/or persistent pain) by plate type and location ranged from 3% to 17% (GRADE Very Low to Moderate). Superior compression plates had the highest incidence of any complications (17% [95% CI 5-44], GRADE Very Low), while anterior inferior compression plates had the lowest incidence of any complication (3% [95% CI 0-15], GRADE Very Low). Hardware irritation was the most reported individual complication for superior locking plates and superior compression plates, 11% (95% CI 7-17, GRADE Low) and 11% (95% CI 3-33, GRADE Very Low), respectively. Conclusion: Although most studies were of low quality, studies reporting functional outcomes generally showed good functional results and similar incidence of any complication regardless of plate type and location. There is no evidence of a plate and location combination to optimize patient functional outcomes or complications. We were unable to reliably evaluate union rates or individual complications for most plate types stratified by location.

19.
JSES Int ; 8(3): 400-406, 2024 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38707583

RESUMEN

Background: There is substantial evidence that operative treatment reduces the risk of nonunion but offers no long-term functional gains compared with nonoperative treatment. Despite some studies citing quicker recovery with surgery, the promise of accelerated functional recovery remains under-investigated. The aim of this meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was to investigate the possible early functional gains (≤6 months) after operative treatment of displaced midshaft clavicular fractures compared with nonsurgical treatment. Methods: A systematic search was performed to identify randomized controlled trials comparing plate osteosynthesis with nonoperative treatment. We evaluated shoulder function outcomes measured by Constant Score or Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire. Other outcomes of interest were sick leave and return to previous activity (work, leisure). Results: Ten studies including 1333 patients were included. The mean difference in DASH score after 6 weeks was 9.4 points (95% confidence interval [CI] 13.7-5.1) in favor of operative treatment. At 3 months, the difference was 3.6 points (95% CI 6.9-0.4), and at 6 months, the difference was 3.2 points (95% CI 5.2-1.1), both in favor of operative treatment. Results for Constant Score were similar to that of DASH score. Conclusion: This meta-analysis shows that there is an early functional gain at six weeks following plate fixation of midshaft clavicular fractures compared with nonoperative treatment. At three and six months, the functional gain is lesser and not clinically relevant.

20.
Cureus ; 16(4): e57743, 2024 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38716015

RESUMEN

Clavicle fractures at the medial end are very rare. Even in cases where there is severe displacement, such fractures have usually been managed nonoperatively. Yet, there are many patients who remain symptomatic over a year following injury, and the non-union rate is also high. Operative intervention for displaced clavicle fractures of the medial end has been more common in the past decade. The possibility of iatrogenic injury due to the near proximity of critical vascular structures continues to be a concern. This case report describes the management of a rare displaced medial end clavicle fracture in a young male. The patient is a 28-year-old male who came with a week-old displaced medial end left clavicle fracture. On examination, tenting of skin was seen over the medial end clavicle region. CT angiography of the left upper limb was performed to check the vascular structures in relation to the fracture, as there remain concerns about the close proximity of underlying vascular structures and the potential for iatrogenic damage. A vascular surgeon was kept on standby during the surgery. The patient was taken up for surgery after a pre-anesthetic checkup and open reduction and internal fixation was done with a 2.4-mm system mini fragment locking compression plate over the anterior surface of the clavicle. The surgery was uneventful, and the patient had a good clinical and radiological outcome postoperatively.

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