RESUMEN
Prenatal fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and maternal psychological functioning have been associated with child cognitive outcomes, though their independent and joint impacts on earlier behavioral outcomes remains less studied. We used data from 382 mother-child pairs from a prospective birth cohort in Mexico City. Temperament was measured at 24 months using the Carey Toddler Temperament Scale (TTS). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to update the factor structure of the TTS. During pregnancy, mothers completed the Crisis in Family Systems-Revised, Edinburgh Depression Scale, pregnancy-specific anxiety scale, and the Perceived Stress Scale. Pregnancy PM2.5 was assessed using estimates from a satellite-based exposure model. We assessed the association between prenatal maternal stress and PM2.5 on temperament, in both independent and joint models. Quantile g-computation was used to estimate the joint associations. Models were adjusted for maternal age, SES, education, child sex, and child age. In EFA, we identified three temperament factors related to effortful control, extraversion, and negative affect. Our main results showed that higher levels of PM2.5 and several of the maternal psychological functioning measures were related to both effortful control and negative affect in the child, both individually and as a mixture. For instance, a one quartile increase in the prenatal mixture was associated with higher negative affect scores in the child (0.34, 95% CI: 0.16, 0.53). We observed modification of these associations by maternal SES, with associations seen only among lower SES participants for both effortful control (-0.45, 95% CI: -0.70, -0.20) and negative affect outcomes (0.60, 95% CI: 0.35, 0.85). Prenatal PM2.5 and maternal psychological functioning measures were associated with toddler temperament outcomes, providing evidence for impacts of chemical and non-chemical stressors on early child health.
Asunto(s)
Material Particulado , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal , Estrés Psicológico , Temperamento , Humanos , Femenino , Embarazo , Material Particulado/análisis , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal/psicología , Preescolar , Adulto , Masculino , México/epidemiología , Estudios Prospectivos , Contaminantes Atmosféricos/análisis , Exposición Materna/efectos adversos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Este estudo realizou uma revisão sistemática da literatura brasileira e internacional publicada entre 2015 e 2020 sobre bibliométricos, operacionalização teórica e metodológica e direcionalidade de efeitos das relações entre a parentalidade e o temperamento infantil em estudos sobre crianças de quatro a sete anos. A busca nas bases de dados BVS-Psi, Portal Regional da BVS, MEDLINE, Academic Search Premier, SocINDEX, SCOPUS, ScienceDirect, PsycInfo e PsycArticles, a partir das palavras-chave "parenting", "child temperament" e "infant temperament" resultou em 24 estudos selecionados para análise. Predominaram pesquisas norte-americanas, com delineamento quantitativo, uso de questionários e mães respondentes. O referencial teórico-metodológico utilizado para avaliar a parentalidade mostrou-se diversificado, enquanto o Modelo Psicobiológico destacou-se na avaliação do temperamento. Constatou-se que temperamento e parentalidade possuem associação direta e indireta e os efeitos dessa relação reverberam no desenvolvimento infantil. Destaca-se a importância de programas de intervenção para a promoção da parentalidade positiva e o desenvolvimento de habilidades regulatórias infantis
This study carried out a systematic review of literature published between 2015 and 2020 on bibliometrics; theoretical and methodological operationalization and directionality of the effects of the relationships between parenting and child temperament in studies about 4-7 years children. The search in BVS-Psi, Portal Regional da BVS, MEDLINE, Academic Search Premier, SocINDEX, SCOPUS, ScienceDirect, PsycInfo e PsycArticles databases, using the keywords "parenting", "child temperament" and "infant temperament" resulted in 24 studies selected for analysis. North American studies predominated, with a quantitative design, with mothers responding questionnaires. The theoretical-methodological framework used to assess parenting proved to be diversified, while the Psycho-biological Model stood out in the assessment of temperament. It was found that temperament and parenting have a direct and indirect association and the effects of this relationship reverberate in child development. The importance of intervention programs to promote positive parenting and the development of child regulatory skills is highlighted
Este estudio realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura publicada entre 2015 y 2020 sobre bibliometría, operacionalización teórica y metodológica y direccionalidad de los efectos de las relaciones entre parentalidad y tempera-mento infantil en estudios sobre niños de 4 a 7 años. Se buscó en las bases de datos BVS-Psi, Portal Regional de la BVS, MEDLINE, Academic Search Premier, SocINDEX, SCOPUS, ScienceDirect, PsycInfo y PsycArticles, las palabras clave "parenting", "child temperament" y "infant temperament" con 24 estudios seleccionados para analizar. Predominaron los estudios norteamericanos, cuantitativos, con cuestionarios y madres respondedoras. El marco teórico-metodológico utilizado para evaluar la parentalidad fue diversificado, mientras que el Modelo Psicobiológico se destacó en la evaluación del temperamento. El temperamento y la parentalidad tienen una asociación directa e indirecta y essa relación repercute en el desarrollo infantil. Se destaca la importancia de los programas de intervención sobre parentalidad positiva y el desarrollo de habilidades regulatorias infantiles
Asunto(s)
Temperamento , Responsabilidad Parental , Desarrollo InfantilRESUMEN
Este estudo investigou as relações entre características do temperamento infantil, avaliadas aos oito meses de vida do bebê, e as práticas educativas maternas, avaliadas aos 18 meses da criança. Participaram 28 díades mãe-criança, com bebês saudáveis do sexo masculino e de nível socioeconômico baixo, residentes em Salvador. Foram aplicados o Questionário de Temperamento Infantil Revisado e a Entrevista Estruturada sobre Práticas Educativas Maternas. A análise de conteúdo permitiu a classificação das práticas educativas maternas em práticas facilitadoras e não facilitadoras do desenvolvimento social. Embora tenham sido encontradas correlações moderadas entre as dimensões limiar de resposta e aproximação-retraimento e o escore total de temperamento e as práticas educativas maternas, a análise de regressão não confirmou nenhuma dessas relações. Discute-se a relevância de variáveis moderadoras e mediadoras e, ainda, particularidades do instrumento utilizado para a avaliação do temperamento.
This study investigated the relations between the child's temperamental characteristics assessed when the infant was eight months old and maternal childrearing practices assessed when the child was 18 months old. Participants were 28 mother-child dyads consisting of healthy, male infants and their mothers of low socioeconomic status living in the city of Salvador. The Revised Infant Temperament Questionnaire and the Structured Interview about Maternal Childrearing Practices were used. Content analysis allowed the maternal childrearing practices to be classified into practices facilitating social development and non-facilitating practices. There were moderate correlations between the threshold of response and the approach-withdrawal dimensions and the total score of temperament and maternal childrearing practices. However, regression analysis did not confirm any of these relationships. The relevance of moderator and mediator variables in this relationship and the peculiarities of the instrument used for assessing temperament are discussed.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Recién Nacido , Lactante , Desarrollo Infantil , Crianza del Niño , Relaciones Madre-HijoRESUMEN
Este estudo investigou as relações entre características do temperamento infantil, avaliadas aos oito meses de vida do bebê, e as práticas educativas maternas, avaliadas aos 18 meses da criança. Participaram 28 díades mãe-criança, com bebês saudáveis do sexo masculino e de nível socioeconômico baixo, residentes em Salvador. Foram aplicados o Questionário de Temperamento Infantil Revisado e a Entrevista Estruturada sobre Práticas Educativas Maternas. A análise de conteúdo permitiu a classificação das práticas educativas maternas em práticas facilitadoras e não facilitadoras do desenvolvimento social. Embora tenham sido encontradas correlações moderadas entre as dimensões limiar de resposta e aproximação-retraimento e o escore total de temperamento e as práticas educativas maternas, a análise de regressão não confirmou nenhuma dessas relações. Discute-se a relevância de variáveis moderadoras e mediadoras e, ainda, particularidades do instrumento utilizado para a avaliação do temperamento.(AU)
This study investigated the relations between the child's temperamental characteristics assessed when the infant was eight months old and maternal childrearing practices assessed when the child was 18 months old. Participants were 28 mother-child dyads consisting of healthy, male infants and their mothers of low socioeconomic status living in the city of Salvador. The Revised Infant Temperament Questionnaire and the Structured Interview about Maternal Childrearing Practices were used. Content analysis allowed the maternal childrearing practices to be classified into practices facilitating social development and non-facilitating practices. There were moderate correlations between the threshold of response and the approach-withdrawal dimensions and the total score of temperament and maternal childrearing practices. However, regression analysis did not confirm any of these relationships. The relevance of moderator and mediator variables in this relationship and the peculiarities of the instrument used for assessing temperament are discussed.(AU)