RESUMEN

We report for the first time from Paraguay the louse-fly Lipoptena mazamae Rondani, 1878 (Diptera: Hippoboscidae), based on an individual retrieved from the body of a gray brocket Mazama gouazoubira (Fischer), found dead in the Tatí Yupí Biological Refuge, in Alto Paraná, Eastern Paraguay. Before this finding, in the decade of the 1940's, this species of fly was wrongly recorded from Paraguay, based on material collected in Bolivia, some 300 km from the border to Paraguay.

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Cryptorchidism is the incomplete descent of the testes and associated structures, and cryptorchid testes are more likely to develop testicular neoplasms, such as seminoma. This is the first report of a seminoma in a cryptorchid wild-caught gray brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira). The animal developed a unilateral seminoma with classical histopathological findings and benign behavior. Six months after the orchiectomy the cervid presented a metatarsal opened fracture, dying during the orthopedic surgery. No macro or micrometric metastasis was observed at the necropsy.(AU)

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To determine the presence, quantity and distribution of androgen (AR) and oestrogen receptors (ER) in the antler velvet (AV), samples were collected from adult and yearling pampas deer males, as well as skin from the ventrolateral abdominal area (ASK). Samples were analysed with ligand-binding assays for AR and ER activity and processed for AR and ERß immunohistochemistry. There was more content of AR in adults than in yearling males (p = 0.02), as well as a category and type of tissue interaction (p = 0.03). There was more ER content in adults than in yearling males (p = 0.005) and in the AV than in the skin (p = 0.0001). The AR-positive score (PS) was greater in AV than in ASK in the surface stroma (p = 0.0007). In the intermediate epidermis, the AR PS was greater in adults than in yearling males (p = 0.04) and in the ASK than in the AV (p < 0.0001). There was a male category and type of tissue interaction for AR PS in the sebaceous glands (p = 0.014). The ERß PS in the surface stroma was greater in ASK than in AV (p = 0.004) and tended to be greater in yearling than in adult males (p = 0.093). The ERß PS in the intermediate epithelium and the sebaceous glands was greater in adults than in yearlings (p = 0.004 and p = 0.007, respectively). In conclusion, we reported for the first time the presence of AR and ER in the velvet skin of growing antlers in pampas deer males. Therefore, the velvet skin is sensitive to both androgens and oestrogens. Furthermore, the greater content of oestrogen receptors in the velvet of adult males suggests that adults are more sensitive to this hormone than yearlings, and thus, oestrogens have greater importance in velvet activity regulation in adult males.

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Early naturalists already considered huemul rare, refuged and a stocky, short-legged mountain deer, 163 years before declared endangered (1972). Anatomically, huemul do not overlap with rock-climbers previously considered analogous, as corroborated in this paper by including additional huemul cases. Assertions that population declines are caused principally via livestock infections remain unfounded. Instead, osteopathology in multiple populations across 1,000 km, affecting 57% among dead and 86% among live specimens, may relate to micronutrient deficiencies. Historically classified a mountain deer, widespread osteopathology, micronutrient deficiencies and lack of recovery qualify huemul as a refugee species. Recovery strategies thus must include repopulating historical distribution sites.

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Abstract The genus Lipoptena includes hematophagous insects of the family Hippoboscidae that parasitize different deer species. The present study aims to identify 19 flies that parasitize deer of the genus Mazama in the State of Paraná, Brazil. We analyzed 18 flies (Lipoptena mazamae) and 1 Lipoptena guimaraesi. This study expands the host list for L. guimaraesi, previously restricted to a single deer species (Ozotoceros bezoarticus).

Resumo O gênero Lipoptena engloba insetos hematófagos da família Hippoboscidae que parasitam diferentes espécies de cervídeos. O presente estudo tem por objetivo relatar a identificação de 19 moscas encontradas parasitando cervídeos do gênero Mazama, no Estado do Paraná, Brasil. Dentre os espécimes analisados, 18 pertenciam à espécie Lipoptena mazamae e um à espécie Lipoptena guimaraesi. O presente artigo expande a lista de hospedeiros de L. guimaraesi, antes restrita a uma única espécie de cervídeo (Ozotoceros bezoarticus).

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The time and period of the day dedicated by several ruminant species to different activities (time budget) varies along the year. Pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus, Linnaeus, 1758) is an endangered species that lives in the southern cone of South America. Our aim was to describe seasonal variations of pampas deer female time budget under semi-captivity conditions. The study was performed at the Estación de Cría de Fauna Autóctona Cerro Pan de Azúcar (Uruguay), with 31 female' pampas deer housed in 6 breeding groups composed by 1 stag, 3-6 hinds and fawns. The behavior of each deer was recorded using instantaneous scan sampling every 15 m for approximately 8 h per day. On summer they spent more time lying and less time grazing (P < 0.0001); on winter, more time standing and eating ration (P < 0.0001), and on spring the time that they spent ruminating was maximum (P < 0.0001). At least in the conditions of this study, pampas deer females' time budget was strongly influenced by season.

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The pampas deer is an endangered species, from which reproductive biology little is known. We aimed to describe and compare the reproductive seasonal patterns of adult and yearling pampas deer stags throughout the year, including morphological traits, testosterone concentration, sperm morphology and cryoresistance pattern changes. Six adult (AS) and five yearling (YS) stags were captured with anesthetic darts once in winter, spring, summer and autumn to study morphological variables, serum testosterone and semen. Adult males were heavier, their neck girth tended to be greater and their testosterone concentration was higher than in YS. Animals were heavier in summer and autumn. Neck girth and testosterone concentration were greater in autumn. Scrotal circumference, testicular volume and gonado-somatic index varied with seasons, decreasing from winter to spring, increasing in summer and remaining in greater values in autumn. Sperm quality had maximum values from summer to winter. However, the cryoresistance ratio of motility score was greater in spring. In conclusion, in the captivity conditions, pampas deer stags seems to present a light seasonal reproductive pattern, with maximum testis size, testosterone secretion and fresh semen quality in autumn. Nevertheless, sperm cryoresistance ratio seemed to remain stable along the year. Although YS were still growing, they achieved similar semen quality than AS.

RESUMEN

Two trials were carried out to determine: (a) if there is a positive relation between the frequency of aggressive interactions among female pampas deer and their position within the hierarchy (HI), (b) if short-term removal of the male triggers an increase in the frequency of aggression, and (c) if the magnitude of this increase is related to the individual rank position of the female. Each of 19 breeding groups comprised one adult male and from four to six adult females. The HI was determined for each female and all aggressive interactions were recorded. These were recorded while the male was present (i.e., all of Trial 1 and the "with male" period in Trial 2) and after removal of the male (i.e., the "without male" period in Trial 2). The individual percentage change in the frequency of aggressive interactions after male removal was calculated. In Trial 1 the HI, the frequency of different types of aggressive interaction and the total of aggressive interactions were positively related (all: p < .001; General Linear Mixed Model [GLMM]). In Trial 2, the frequency of total aggressive interactions increased after male removal (F(1, 27) = 3.5; p < .001; GLMM). The individual percentage changes in aggressive interaction between periods were positively related to HI (F(6, 24) = 2.56; p = .05; GLMM). For female pampas deer maintained in breeding groups, we conclude that the frequency of aggressive interactions increases within the hierarchy. Aggression also increases after the short-term removal of the male, mainly among females of higher social status.

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The pampas deer is an endangered species, from which reproductive biology little is known. We aimed to describe and compare the reproductive seasonal patterns of adult and yearling pampas deer stags throughout the year, including morphological traits, testosterone concentration, sperm morphology and cryoresistance pattern changes. Six adult (AS) and five yearling (YS) stags were captured with anesthetic darts once in winter, spring, summer and autumn to study morphological variables, serum testosterone and semen. Adult males were heavier, their neck girth tended to be greater and their testosterone concentration was higher than in YS. Animals were heavier in summer and autumn. Neck girth and testosterone concentration were greater in autumn. Scrotal circumference, testicular volume and gonado-somatic index varied with seasons, decreasing from winter to spring, increasing in summer and remaining in greater values in autumn. Sperm quality had maximum values from summer to winter. However, the cryoresistance ratio of motility score was greater in spring. In conclusion, in the captivity conditions, pampas deer stags seems to present a light seasonal reproductive pattern, with maximum testis size, testosterone secretion and fresh semen quality in autumn. Nevertheless, sperm cryoresistance ratio seemed to remain stable along the year. Although YS were still growing, they achieved similar semen quality than AS.

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RESUMEN

The pampas deer is an endangered species, from which reproductive biology little is known. We aimed to describe and compare the reproductive seasonal patterns of adult and yearling pampas deer stags throughout the year, including morphological traits, testosterone concentration, sperm morphology and cryoresistance pattern changes. Six adult (AS) and five yearling (YS) stags were captured with anesthetic darts once in winter, spring, summer and autumn to study morphological variables, serum testosterone and semen. Adult males were heavier, their neck girth tended to be greater and their testosterone concentration was higher than in YS. Animals were heavier in summer and autumn. Neck girth and testosterone concentration were greater in autumn. Scrotal circumference, testicular volume and gonado-somatic index varied with seasons, decreasing from winter to spring, increasing in summer and remaining in greater values in autumn. Sperm quality had maximum values from summer to winter. However, the cryoresistance ratio of motility score was greater in spring. In conclusion, in the captivity conditions, pampas deer stags seems to present a light seasonal reproductive pattern, with maximum testis size, testosterone secretion and fresh semen quality in autumn. Nevertheless, sperm cryoresistance ratio seemed to remain stable along the year. Although YS were still growing, they achieved similar semen quality than AS.(AU)

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O cervo-do-pantanal (Blastocerus dichotomus) é o maior cervídeo do continente sul-americano e figura na lista de animais ameaçados de extinção. Dentre os principais problemas dessa espécie em ambiente artificial está a puliciose. Essa infestação pode causar anemia expressiva, inapetência e óbito. O controle desses parasitos é realizado de diversas formas, com combate das pulgas nos animais e no ambiente, sendo que o controle conjunto é o mais eficaz. No entanto, o controle das pulgas em cervídeos é bastante restrito, tanto pelo temperamento dos animais, quanto pela inexistência de um produto eficaz e de longa ação. Esse trabalho testou uma coleira à base de imidacloprida e flumetrina, preconizada para uso em cães domésticos, por ser de aplicação única e de longa duração. A coleira se mostrou eficiente por seis meses na eliminação das pulgas, associada à aspersão de deltametrina no recinto; sem ocorrência de efeitos adversos.(AU)

The marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus) is the largest deer in the South American continent and is listed in the red list of endangered animals. Among the main problems of this species “ex situ” we have puliciosis. This infestation can cause significant anemia, weariness and even death. The control of these parasites is carried out in several ways, with flea combat in the hosts and in the environment, and joint control is the most effective method. However, the control of fleas in animals is quite restricted, both by the behavior of the animal, and by the nonexistence of an effective and long-acting anti parasitic product. This work tested a collar impregnated with imidacloprid and flumethrin recommended for use in domestic dogs, because it is of single application and long duration. The collar showed to be efficient for six months, in the elimination of fleas, associated with spraying of deltamethrin in the enclosure; without occurrence of adverse effects.(AU)

El ciervo de los pantanos (Blastocerus dichotomus), es el ciervo más grande del continente sudamericano. Entre los principales problemas dela especie "ex situ" está la puliciosis. Esta infestación puede causar anemia significativa, debilidad, pérdida de apetito y incluso la muerte. El control de los parásitos se lleva de varias maneras, con el combate de las pulgas en el huésped y el medio ambiente, en el que el conjunto de control es más eficaz. Sin embargo, el control de pulgas en animales salvajes es muy restringido, por el comportamiento agresivo del animal, como la ausencia de un producto eficaz y de acción prolongada. Este estudio probó un collar impregnado con imidacloprida y flumetrina, com uso recomiendado en perros domésticos, en una sola aplicación y con largo plazo. El producto ha demostrado eficaz durante seis meses en la eliminacion de pulgas, asociado con la pulverizacion de deltametrina en la habitación; sin efectos adversos en los animales salvajes.(AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

O cervo-do-pantanal (Blastocerus dichotomus) é o maior cervídeo do continente sul-americano e figura na lista de animais ameaçados de extinção. Dentre os principais problemas dessa espécie em ambiente artificial está a puliciose. Essa infestação pode causar anemia expressiva, inapetência e óbito. O controle desses parasitos é realizado de diversas formas, com combate das pulgas nos animais e no ambiente, sendo que o controle conjunto é o mais eficaz. No entanto, o controle das pulgas em cervídeos é bastante restrito, tanto pelo temperamento dos animais, quanto pela inexistência de um produto eficaz e de longa ação. Esse trabalho testou uma coleira à base de imidacloprida e flumetrina, preconizada para uso em cães domésticos, por ser de aplicação única e de longa duração. A coleira se mostrou eficiente por seis meses na eliminação das pulgas, associada à aspersão de deltametrina no recinto; sem ocorrência de efeitos adversos.

The marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus) is the largest deer in the South American continent and is listed in the red list of endangered animals. Among the main problems of this species “ex situ” we have puliciosis. This infestation can cause significant anemia, weariness and even death. The control of these parasites is carried out in several ways, with flea combat in the hosts and in the environment, and joint control is the most effective method. However, the control of fleas in animals is quite restricted, both by the behavior of the animal, and by the nonexistence of an effective and long-acting anti parasitic product. This work tested a collar impregnated with imidacloprid and flumethrin recommended for use in domestic dogs, because it is of single application and long duration. The collar showed to be efficient for six months, in the elimination of fleas, associated with spraying of deltamethrin in the enclosure; without occurrence of adverse effects.

El ciervo de los pantanos (Blastocerus dichotomus), es el ciervo más grande del continente sudamericano. Entre los principales problemas dela especie "ex situ" está la puliciosis. Esta infestación puede causar anemia significativa, debilidad, pérdida de apetito y incluso la muerte. El control de los parásitos se lleva de varias maneras, con el combate de las pulgas en el huésped y el medio ambiente, en el que el conjunto de control es más eficaz. Sin embargo, el control de pulgas en animales salvajes es muy restringido, por el comportamiento agresivo del animal, como la ausencia de un producto eficaz y de acción prolongada. Este estudio probó un collar impregnado con imidacloprida y flumetrina, com uso recomiendado en perros domésticos, en una sola aplicación y con largo plazo. El producto ha demostrado eficaz durante seis meses en la eliminacion de pulgas, asociado con la pulverizacion de deltametrina en la habitación; sin efectos adversos en los animales salvajes.

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RESUMEN

El ciervo de los pantanos (Blastocerus dichotomus), es el ciervo más grande del continente sudamericano y figura en la lista de animales en peligro de extinción, de acuerdo con el IBAMA y la UICN. Tiene una población bajo el cuidado humano muy limitado, estimada en un centenar de individuos. Entre los principales problemas de la especie "ex situ" está la puliciose. Esta infestación puede causar anemia significativa, debilidad, pérdida de apetito y incluso la muerte. El control de los parásitos se lleva de varias maneras, con el combate de las pulgas en el huésped y el medio ambiente, en el que el conjunto de control es más eficaz. Sin embargo, el control de pulgas en animales salvajes es muy restringido, por el comportamiento agresivo del animal, como la ausencia de un producto eficaz y de acción prolongada. Este estudio probó un collar impregnado con imidacloprid y flumetrina, com uso recomiendado en perros domésticos, em una sola aplicación y con largo plazo. El producto ha demostrado muy eficaz durante dieciocho meses en la eliminacion de pulgas, asociado con la pulverizacion de deltametrina en la habitación; sin efectos adversos em los animales salvajes.

The marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus) is the largest deer in the South American continent and is listed in the red list of endangered animals according to IBAMA and IUCN. It has a very small population in captivity, estimated at 100 individuals. Among the main problems of this species ex situ we have puliciosis. This infestation can cause significant anemia, weariness and even death. The control of these parasites is carried out in several ways, with flea combat in the hosts and in the environment, and joint control is the most effective method. However, the control of fleas in animals is quite restricted, both by the behavior of the animal, and by the nonexistence of an effective and long-acting anti parasitic product. This work tested a collar impregnated with imidacloprid and flumethrin, recommended for use in domestic dogs, because it is of single application and long duration. The collar showed to be very efficient for eighteen months, in the elimination of fleas, associated with spraying of deltamethrin in the enclosure; without occurrence of adverse effects.

O cervo-do-pantanal (Blastocerus dichotomus), é o maior cervídeo do continente sul-americano e figura na lista de animais ameaçados de extinção, segundo o IBAMA e a IUCN. A espécie tem uma população muito reduzida ex-situ, estimada em cem indivíduos. Dentre os principais problemas dessa espécie em cativeiro temos a puliciose. Essa infestação pode causar anemia expressiva, inapetência e óbito. O controle desses parasitas é realizado de diversas formas, com combate das pulgas nos animais e no ambiente, sendo que o controle conjunto é o mais eficaz. No entanto, o controle das pulgas nos animais é bastante restrito, tanto pelo temperamento do animal, quanto pela inexistência de um produto eficaz e de longa ação. Esse trabalho testou uma coleira a base de imidacloprida e flumetrina, preconizada para uso em cães domésticos, por ser de aplicação única e de longa duração. A coleira se mostrou muito eficiente por seis meses na eliminação das pulgas, associada a aspersão de deltametrina no recinto; sem ocorrência de efeitos adversos.

RESUMEN

O objetivo do presente relato foi avaliar a viabilidade da técnica de coleta de células espermáticas do epidídimo de um cervo dama (Dama dama) após orquiectomia e comparar sua capacidade de criopreservação utilizando dois diluidores comerciais diferentes, o Triladyl® e o Andromed®. Foram avaliados o volume testicular, a motilidade e vigor espermáticos e a morfologia das células espermáticas antes e após o processo de criopreservação. Ao se comparar os dois meios comerciais, pode-se constatar que a motilidade e vigor espermáticos foram melhores na alíquota congelada com Triladyl® (25% e 2) do que com Andromed® (10% e 1). Quanto a morfologia espermática os dois diluidores apresentaram valores semelhantes de defeitos totais (32.5% com Andromed® e 33% com Triladyl®, sendo a cabeça lanciforme o defeito predominante em ambos os casos). Diante desses resultados, a técnica de coleta de células espermáticas do epidídimo é viável para cervídeos Dama e mais estudos são necessários para se estabelecer o melhor meio diluidor para esta espécie criada em climas tropicais.

The aim of the present report was to evaluate the viability of epididymal sperm collection technique in a fallow deer (Dama dama) after orchiectomy and to compare its cryopreservation capacity using two different commercial extenders, Triladyl® and Andromed®. Thus, testicular volume, sperm motility and vigor, and sperm cell morphology were evaluated before and after the cryopreservation process. When comparing the two commercial media, sperm motility and vigor were better in the post-thawed aliquot extended with Triladyl® (25% and 2) than with Andromed® (10% and 1). Regarding sperm morphology, the two dilutors presented similar values of total defects (32.5% with Andromed® and 33% with Triladyl®, with the lanciform head being the predominant defect in both cases). Given these results, the epididymal sperm cell collection technique is viable for Dama cervids and further studies are needed to establish the best extender for this species raised under tropical conditions.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

O objetivo do presente relato foi avaliar a viabilidade da técnica de coleta de células espermáticas do epidídimo de um cervo dama (Dama dama) após orquiectomia e comparar sua capacidade de criopreservação utilizando dois diluidores comerciais diferentes, o Triladyl® e o Andromed®. Foram avaliados o volume testicular, a motilidade e vigor espermáticos e a morfologia das células espermáticas antes e após o processo de criopreservação. Ao se comparar os dois meios comerciais, pode-se constatar que a motilidade e vigor espermáticos foram melhores na alíquota congelada com Triladyl® (25% e 2) do que com Andromed® (10% e 1). Quanto a morfologia espermática os dois diluidores apresentaram valores semelhantes de defeitos totais (32.5% com Andromed® e 33% com Triladyl®, sendo a cabeça lanciforme o defeito predominante em ambos os casos). Diante desses resultados, a técnica de coleta de células espermáticas do epidídimo é viável para cervídeos Dama e mais estudos são necessários para se estabelecer o melhor meio diluidor para esta espécie criada em climas tropicais.(AU)

The aim of the present report was to evaluate the viability of epididymal sperm collection technique in a fallow deer (Dama dama) after orchiectomy and to compare its cryopreservation capacity using two different commercial extenders, Triladyl® and Andromed®. Thus, testicular volume, sperm motility and vigor, and sperm cell morphology were evaluated before and after the cryopreservation process. When comparing the two commercial media, sperm motility and vigor were better in the post-thawed aliquot extended with Triladyl® (25% and 2) than with Andromed® (10% and 1). Regarding sperm morphology, the two dilutors presented similar values of total defects (32.5% with Andromed® and 33% with Triladyl®, with the lanciform head being the predominant defect in both cases). Given these results, the epididymal sperm cell collection technique is viable for Dama cervids and further studies are needed to establish the best extender for this species raised under tropical conditions.(AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

El ciervo de los pantanos (Blastocerus dichotomus), es el ciervo más grande del continente sudamericano y figura en la lista de animales en peligro de extinción, de acuerdo con el IBAMA y la UICN. Tiene una población bajo el cuidado humano muy limitado, estimada en un centenar de individuos. Entre los principales problemas de la especie "ex situ" está la puliciose. Esta infestación puede causar anemia significativa, debilidad, pérdida de apetito y incluso la muerte. El control de los parásitos se lleva de varias maneras, con el combate de las pulgas en el huésped y el medio ambiente, en el que el conjunto de control es más eficaz. Sin embargo, el control de pulgas en animales salvajes es muy restringido, por el comportamiento agresivo del animal, como la ausencia de un producto eficaz y de acción prolongada. Este estudio probó un collar impregnado con imidacloprid y flumetrina, com uso recomiendado en perros domésticos, em una sola aplicación y con largo plazo. El producto ha demostrado muy eficaz durante dieciocho meses en la eliminacion de pulgas, asociado con la pulverizacion de deltametrina en la habitación; sin efectos adversos em los animales salvajes.

The marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus) is the largest deer in the South American continent and is listed in the red list of endangered animals according to IBAMA and IUCN. It has a very small population in captivity, estimated at 100 individuals. Among the main problems of this species ex situ we have puliciosis. This infestation can cause significant anemia, weariness and even death. The control of these parasites is carried out in several ways, with flea combat in the hosts and in the environment, and joint control is the most effective method. However, the control of fleas in animals is quite restricted, both by the behavior of the animal, and by the nonexistence of an effective and long-acting anti parasitic product. This work tested a collar impregnated with imidacloprid and flumethrin, recommended for use in domestic dogs, because it is of single application and long duration. The collar showed to be very efficient for eighteen months, in the elimination of fleas, associated with spraying of deltamethrin in the enclosure; without occurrence of adverse effects.

O cervo-do-pantanal (Blastocerus dichotomus), é o maior cervídeo do continente sul-americano e figura na lista de animais ameaçados de extinção, segundo o IBAMA e a IUCN. A espécie tem uma população muito reduzida ex-situ, estimada em cem indivíduos. Dentre os principais problemas dessa espécie em cativeiro temos a puliciose. Essa infestação pode causar anemia expressiva, inapetência e óbito. O controle desses parasitas é realizado de diversas formas, com combate das pulgas nos animais e no ambiente, sendo que o controle conjunto é o mais eficaz. No entanto, o controle das pulgas nos animais é bastante restrito, tanto pelo temperamento do animal, quanto pela inexistência de um produto eficaz e de longa ação. Esse trabalho testou uma coleira a base de imidacloprida e flumetrina, preconizada para uso em cães domésticos, por ser de aplicação única e de longa duração. A coleira se mostrou muito eficiente por seis meses na eliminação das pulgas, associada a aspersão de deltametrina no recinto; sem ocorrência de efeitos adversos.

RESUMEN

A case of blackleg in a brown brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira) associated with trauma from being hit by a car in southern Rio Grande do Sul is reported. The clinical signs included fever, dehydration and lethargy that worsened progressively until 36 hours after the accident, when the animal died. In the fore right limb, there was a comminuted closed fracture of the radius and ulna but no skin wounds were observed. Grossly, the musculature of the pelvic limbs presented hemorrhage, edema and emphysema. Microscopically, the muscles of both rear legs had necrosis, edema, hemorrhage and mild inflammatory infiltration of neutrophils. Clostridium chauvoei was cultured from affected skeletal muscles, and it was also detected by immunohistochemistry, confirming a diagnosis of blackleg. The overlapping habitat of cattle and brown brocket deer is proposed as a predisposing factor in this case and alerts to spillover cases maybe happening in this region. In addition, blackleg should be included as differential diagnoses of deer with post-traumatic myositis.(AU)

Descreve-se um caso de carbúnculo sintomático em um veado-virá (Mazama gouazoubira), macho, jovem, resgatado após atropelamento em uma rodovia na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul. O cervídeo apresentou febre, desidratação e letargia, progredindo para a morte em 36 horas. No membro torácico direito foi observado fratura cominutiva fechada de rádio e ulna sem a presença de feridas perfurantes. Na necropsia foi observada hemorragia, edema e enfisema na musculatura dos membros pélvicos. Microscopicamente, os músculos dos membros pélvicos apresentaram necrose, edema, hemorragia e discreto infiltrado inflamatório neutrofílico. Houve o isolamento de Clostridium chauvoei e marcação positiva na técnica de IHQ com anticorpo monoclonal anti-C. chauvoei, confirmando o diagnóstico de carbúnculo sintomático. A sobreposição de habitat entre bovinos domésticos e cervídeos pode ser um fator de risco para esta doença e chama a atenção para casos de "spillover" que podem estar ocorrendo na região. Adicionalmente, sugere-se que o carbúnculo sintomático seja incluído nos diagnósticos diferenciais de cervídeos que apresentam miosite pós-traumática.(AU)

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A case of blackleg in a brown brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira) associated with trauma from being hit by a car in southern Rio Grande do Sul is reported. The clinical signs included fever, dehydration and lethargy that worsened progressively until 36 hours after the accident, when the animal died. In the fore right limb, there was a comminuted closed fracture of the radius and ulna but no skin wounds were observed. Grossly, the musculature of the pelvic limbs presented hemorrhage, edema and emphysema. Microscopically, the muscles of both rear legs had necrosis, edema, hemorrhage and mild inflammatory infiltration of neutrophils. Clostridium chauvoei was cultured from affected skeletal muscles, and it was also detected by immunohistochemistry, confirming a diagnosis of blackleg. The overlapping habitat of cattle and brown brocket deer is proposed as a predisposing factor in this case and alerts to spillover cases maybe happening in this region. In addition, blackleg should be included as differential diagnoses of deer with post-traumatic myositis.(AU)

Descreve-se um caso de carbúnculo sintomático em um veado-virá (Mazama gouazoubira), macho, jovem, resgatado após atropelamento em uma rodovia na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul. O cervídeo apresentou febre, desidratação e letargia, progredindo para a morte em 36 horas. No membro torácico direito foi observado fratura cominutiva fechada de rádio e ulna sem a presença de feridas perfurantes. Na necropsia foi observada hemorragia, edema e enfisema na musculatura dos membros pélvicos. Microscopicamente, os músculos dos membros pélvicos apresentaram necrose, edema, hemorragia e discreto infiltrado inflamatório neutrofílico. Houve o isolamento de Clostridium chauvoei e marcação positiva na técnica de IHQ com anticorpo monoclonal anti-C. chauvoei, confirmando o diagnóstico de carbúnculo sintomático. A sobreposição de habitat entre bovinos domésticos e cervídeos pode ser um fator de risco para esta doença e chama a atenção para casos de "spillover" que podem estar ocorrendo na região. Adicionalmente, sugere-se que o carbúnculo sintomático seja incluído nos diagnósticos diferenciais de cervídeos que apresentam miosite pós-traumática.(AU)

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The pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus) is a medium-sized deer that weighs 20-40 kg. Historically, it was a widely distributed species that occupied a wide range of open habitats, including pastures, pampas, and Brazilian savanna. However, it is currently considered to be a species at risk of extinction. Anatomical descriptions of the arterial supply are very useful when working with exotic mammals. Knowledge of the locations, the distribution pattern, and the anatomical relationships of the arteries is required when performing any intervention. The objective of this research was to describe the normal arterial distribution pattern in the head and neck of this species. The divisions of the common carotid arteries, to which branches of the vertebral arteries are attached, irrigate the head and cranial parts of the neck. The arterial distribution pattern in the head and neck of the pampas deer was found to be similar to that described for other cervids and bovines but showed important differences from that for the ovine. The pampas deer had a bicarotid trunk, in contrast to other cervids. With regard to domestic animals, the lack of a fully developed internal carotid artery and the marked presence of a linguofacial trunk mean that it resembles the arterial distribution described for bovines.

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The narrow Andean-Patagonian temperate rainforest strip in the west of southern South America is inhabited by two endemic species of cervids, the southern pudu (Pudu puda) and the huemul (Hippocamelus bisulcus), both cataloged as near threatened and threatened species, respectively. One of the possible causes of their declined number is the susceptibility to livestock diseases. Significant zooarchaeological records of both deer have been found throughout the Holocene from Patagonia. The present contribution reports the first paleoparasitological results obtained from coprolites of endemic deer from the archeological site "Cueva Parque Diana," Neuquén Province, Argentina, and discusses the possible diseases found in ancient times. Thirty-four coprolites were fully processed, rehydrated, homogenized, sieved, subjected to spontaneous sedimentation, and examined by light microscopy. Thirty samples contained parasite remains. The presence of diverse parasitic diseases such as trematodioses, metastrongylosis, trichuriosis, strongylida gastroenteritis, dioctophymosis, and coccidiosis which could cause diseases in deer previous to the arrival of European livestock and the presence of zoonotic diseases in the hunters-gatherers and fishermen are discussed.

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