RESUMEN

Cabbage is susceptible to various microbiological risks, frequently serving as a vehicle for pathogenic bacteria, mainly Salmonella and Escherichia coli. Therefore, ensuring the safety of this vegetable is essential to reduce the risk of foodborne illnesses. Traditional sanitization using chlorinated water, although effective, raises concerns due to the production of potentially carcinogenic compounds, and this method is banned in some countries. In recent years, alternative sanitizing methods have been developed using essential oils (EOs). However, EOs present high volatility, limited solubility in water, and strong odor and taste. This study introduces an innovative approach to overcome these disadvantages by employing carvacrol encapsulated into chia mucilage nanocapsules (CMNC), prepared through high-energy homogenization. Encapsulating carvacrol in chia mucilage nanocapsules helps to mask its strong sensory characteristics, making it more suitable and acceptable for use in food applications. The antimicrobial efficacy of CMNC (1.67 mg/mL), carvacrol emulsion (CE: 10.6 mg/mL), and chlorine solution (CS: 200 ppm) was evaluated against Salmonella, E. coli, and Listeria monocytogenes. CMNC decreased Salmonella to levels below the detection limit of the technique (< 2 log CFU/g), reduced 3.5 log CFU/g of E. coli, and 2.5 log CFU/g of L. monocytogenes. These results are similar to or better than those obtained with CS. In addition, sanitizing cabbage with CMNC preserved the firmness and color of the samples, important aspects for consumer acceptance. This innovative approach is promising for increasing the food safety of cabbage, while mitigating the potential drawbacks associated with traditional sanitization methods.

RESUMEN

Brassicaceaes are rich in glucosinolates (GSL), whose derivatives, the isothyocianates sulforaphane (SFN), iberine (IB), or indole derivatives as indole-3-carbinol (I3C), have anticancer activities. We evaluated the effects of a broccoli sprout (Brassica oleracea var italica) and red cabbage (B. oleracea L. var capitata f. rubra) extracts and their GSL derivatives on breast cancer cells. Broccoli sprout aqueous extract (BSE) and red cabbage aqueous (RCA) or ethanolic (RCE) extracts were high in SFN, IB, and/or I3C. BSE and RCA decreased proliferation at doses of 2.5-5 mg/mL but induced proliferation at lower doses. RCE decreased proliferation starting at 10 µg/mL with selectivity toward cancer cells. SFN, IB, or I3C alone or in combination did not decrease proliferation similarly, suggesting synergistic effects with other phytochemicals in the extract. RCE showed selectivity toward breast cancer cells, but the effect of the individual metabolites or their combination did not reduce proliferation to the same extent. It will be important to determine the combination responsible for this effect to characterize their use for breast cancer treatment.

RESUMEN

The aim of this work is to describe the effect of convective drying (CD), vacuum drying (VD), infrared drying (IRD), low-temperature vacuum drying (LTVD) and freeze drying (FD) on bio-compound retention of red cabbage and its beneficial health properties. The total phenolics content (TPC), flavonoids (TFC), anthocyanin (TAC) and glucosinolates (TGC) were determined by spectrophotometry. The profiles of phenolic acids, amino acids and fatty acids were determined by HPLC-UV-DAD, LC-DAD and GC-FID, respectively. Antioxidant potential was verified by DPPH and ORAC assays. The antiproliferative activity was measured in the human gastric cell line (AGS). Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and arachidonic acid models. VD showed high values of TPC = 11.89 ± 0.28 mg GAE/g d.m.; TFC = 11.30 ± 0.9 mg QE/g d.m.; TAC = 0.265 ± 0.01 mg Cya3glu/g d.m.; and TGC = 51.15 ± 3.31 µmol SE/g d.m. Caffeic acid, ferulic acid and sinapic acid were identified. The predominant amino acid and fatty acid were glutamic acid and γ-linolenic acid, respectively. The antioxidant potential was dependent on drying methods for both DPPH and ORAC assays. Dried red cabbage extracts showed clear anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activity. The dehydration process is an alternative for the retention of bio-compounds and health-promoting properties of red cabbage.

RESUMEN

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, and no efficient therapy able to cure or slow down PD is available. In this study, dehydrated red cabbage was evaluated as a novel source of bio-compounds with neuroprotective capacity. Convective drying was carried out at different temperatures. Total phenolics (TPC), flavonoids (TFC), anthocyanins (TAC), and glucosinolates (TGC) were determined using spectrophotometry, amino acid profile by LC-DAD and fatty acid profile by GC-FID. Phenolic characterization was determined by liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry. Cytotoxicity and neuroprotection assays were evaluated in SH-SY5Y human cells, observing the effect on preformed fibrils of α-synuclein. Drying kinetic confirmed a shorter processing time with temperature increase. A high concentration of bio-compounds was observed, especially at 90 °C, with TPC = 1544.04 ± 11.4 mg GAE/100 g, TFC = 690.87 ± 4.0 mg QE/100 g and TGC = 5244.9 ± 260.2 µmol SngE/100 g. TAC degraded with temperature. Glutamic acid and arginine were predominant. Fatty acid profiles were relatively stable and were found to be mostly C18:3n3. The neochlorogenic acid was predominant. The extracts had no cytotoxicity and showed a neuroprotective effect at 24 h testing, which can extend in some cases to 48 h. The present findings underpin the use of red cabbage as a functional food ingredient.

RESUMEN

The predominant aim of the current study was to synthesize the nanofertilizer nanoparticles ZnO_MnO-NPs and FeO_ZnO-NPs using Andean blueberry extract and determine the effect of NPs in the growth promotion of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) and Andean lupin (Lupinus mutabilis sweet) crops. The nanoparticles were analyzed by visible spectrophotometry, size distribution (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Solutions of nanoparticle concentrations were applied to cabbage, with solutions of 270 and 540 ppm of ZnO_MnO-NPs and 270 and 540 ppm of FeO_ZnO-NPs applied to Andean lupin. Zinc was used in both plants to take advantage of its beneficial properties for plant growth. Foliar NPs sprays were applied at the phenological stage of vegetative growth of the cabbage or Andean lupin plants grown under greenhouse conditions. The diameter of the NPs was 9.5 nm for ZnO, 7.8 nm for FeO, and 10.5 nm for MnO, which facilitate the adsorption of NPs by the stomata of plants. In Andean lupin, treatment with 270 ppm of iron and zinc indicated increases of 6% in height, 19% in root size, 3.5% in chlorophyll content index, and 300% in leaf area, while treatment with 540 ppm of iron and zinc yielded no apparent increases in any variable. In cabbage, the ZnO_MnO-NPs indicate, at a concentration of 270 ppm, increases of 10.3% in root size, 55.1% in dry biomass, 7.1% in chlorophyll content, and 25.6% in leaf area. Cabbage plants treated at a concentration of 540 ppm produced increases of 1.3% in root size and 1.8% in chlorophyll content, compared to the control, which was sprayed with distilled water. Therefore, the spray application of nanofertilizers at 270 ppm indicated an important improvement in both plants' growth.

RESUMEN

The cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni Hübner (Lep.: Noctuidae), is a destructive pest of Brassica crops. Their larvae defoliate plants, leading to reduced crop yield. Understanding and modeling pest seasonal dynamics is central to management programs because it allows one to set up sampling and control efforts. This study aimed to train, with field-collected data, artificial neural networks (ANN) for T. ni forecasting on Brassica crops. ANNs were used due to their suitability to fit complex models with multiple predictors. Three weather variables (air temperature, rainfall, and relative humidity lagged at different intervals from the day of pest assessment) and three host plants (broccoli, cabbage, and cauliflower) along with another plant-related variable (days after transplanting) were used as input variables to build ANNs with different topologies. Two outputs (T. ni eggs or larvae) were tested to verify which one would yield more precise models. ANNs forecasting T. ni eggs performed better, based on Pearson's correlation (rv) of observed with fitted values. The winning ANN (rv = 0.706) had weather data lagged by 15 days, 2 neurons in the hidden layer, hyperbolic tangent as the activation function, and resilient propagation as the learning algorithm. Broccoli and cauliflower were the hosts with major contributions for T. ni occurrence. Rainfall was the primary environmental predictor and affected T. ni negatively. Therefore, the winning ANN may be used to forecast T. ni egg densities 15 days in advance, allowing for timely management of this pest.

Asunto(s)

Brassica , Mariposas Nocturnas , Animales , Productos Agrícolas , Larva , Redes Neurales de la Computación , Estaciones del Año

RESUMEN

Unconventional parts of vegetables represent a rich source of health-promoting phytochemicals. The phenolic profile of cabbage-stalk flour (CSF), pineapple-crown flour (PCF), and their essential oils were characterized via UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MSE and GC-FID/MS. Antimicrobial activity was tested against five strains, and antioxidant activities were determined in free and bound extracts. Globally, 177 phenolics were tentatively identified in PCF (major p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde) and 56 in CSF (major chlorogenicacid, quercetin 3-O-glucuronide, and p-coumaric acid). PCF exhibited a distinguished profile (lignans, stilbenes) and antioxidant capacity, especially in bound extracts (1.3 g GAE.100 g-1; 0.6 g catechin eq.100 g-1; DPPH: 244.7; ABTS: 467.8; FRAP: 762.6 µg TE.g-1, ORAC: 40.9 mg TE.g-1). The main classes of volatile compounds were fatty acids, their esters, and terpenes in CSF (30) and PCF (41). A comprehensive metabolomic approach revealed CSF and PCF as a promising source of PC, showing great antioxidant and discrete antimicrobial activities.

Asunto(s)

Ananas/química , Antiinfecciosos/análisis , Antioxidantes/química , Brassica/química , Harina/análisis , Fenoles/química , Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles/química , Ananas/metabolismo , Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Brassica/metabolismo , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Análisis Discriminante , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Bacterias Gramnegativas/efectos de los fármacos , Bacterias Grampositivas/efectos de los fármacos , Aceites Volátiles/análisis , Aceites Volátiles/química , Fenoles/análisis , Fenoles/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Análisis de Componente Principal , Espectrometría de Masa por Ionización de Electrospray , Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles/análisis

RESUMEN

This study was conducted to monitor the population dynamics of six major insect pests at the NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington (ASC-Farmington) and within an adjacent commercial farm (Navajo Agricultural Products Industry, NAPI) for more effective and efficient pest management during the 2013-2019 period. Specific pheromone traps, sticky and net traps were used to collects moths of beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua), cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni), corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea), fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda), potato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli), and western bean cutworm (Striacosta albicosta). These insects generally appear in early June and their population decreases toward the end of August/early September with different peak times and magnitudes during July and August. Bactericera cockerelli was not substantially present in the commercial farm due to intensive insecticide application. Overall, all six insect species were present at ASC-Farmington, with relative abundance, in percent of the total collected moths by all traps, varying from 6.5 to 19% for Trichoplusia ni, 16 to 29.2% for Spodoptera exigua, 1.5 to 20.6% for Striacosta albicosta, 10 to 25% for Helicoverpa zea, 18.5 to 25.6% for Spodoptera frugiperda and 8.5 to 26.9% for Bactericera cockerelli. In NAPI's commercial field, while the potato psyllid Bactericera cockerelli was not recorded, Trichoplusia ni and Spodoptera exigua showed decreasing rates that varied from 27.5 to 4.2% and from 49.3 to 7.8%, respectively. Striacosta albicosta, Helicoverpa zea and Spodoptera exigua showed increasing rates varying from 2.9 to 28%, from 7.8 to 25.3% and from 10.9 to 52%, respectively. The results of this study could serve as a guideline for sustainable management strategies for each of the six species for production profitability.

RESUMEN

The intensive use of pesticides has led to the need to optimize analytical methodologies for the control of residues in food. The present study aims to compare the efficiency of different ion sources (Eletrospray Ionization-ESI and Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization - APCI) in LC-MS/MS systems, when analysing 22 pesticides in a cabbage matrix. The method performance was evaluated during a validation study. Organophosphates, triazoles, pyrethroids and triazines compounds showed good linearity in the range 0.5-200 µg.Kg-1. Statistical tests were used to evaluate linearity. LOQm values varied from 0.50 to 1.0 µg.Kg-1 to the ESI source, and 1.0-2.0 µg.Kg-1 for the APCI source. Matrix effect was more intense when using the APCI source. Accuracy and precision were evaluated at three levels of concentration (2; 20 and 100 µg Kg-1). Most of the compounds presented recovery between 70 and 120%. ESI-LC-MS/MS system showed greater efficiency in multiresidue analysis in the cabbage matrix.

Asunto(s)

Análisis de los Alimentos/métodos , Residuos de Plaguicidas/análisis , Espectrometría de Masa por Ionización de Electrospray/métodos , Brassica/química , Brassica/metabolismo , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Límite de Detección , Organofosfatos/química , Piretrinas/química , Triazoles/química

RESUMEN

Anthocyanin pigments are suitable as natural dyes for food, cosmetics and dietary supplements, due to the demand for healthier products and their antioxidant properties. This work aimed to extract the anthocyanin pigments from red cabbage and its separation of the solution by adsorption operation onto chitosan films. The anthocyanin was extracted from red cabbage in water hot at 90 °C by 15 min. Chitosan was obtained from shrimp waste, and its films were produced by casting technique (tensile strength of 25.1 ±â€¯1.9 MPa, elongation of 10.5 ±â€¯3.5% and thicknesses of 103.1 ±â€¯1.3 µm). The anthocyanin adsorption assays were performed in batch, and the highest adsorption capacity was around 140 mg g-1. The equilibrium experimental data were adjusted by Henry, Langmuir and Freundlich models, and all models showed a good fitting (R2 ≥ 0.96 and ARE ≤ 6.5%). The thermodynamic parameters represented endothermic and physical adsorption. The kinetic behavior was evaluated by empirical models, being the pseudo-first order model that showed the best fitting (R2 ≥ 0.97 and ARE ≤ 8.5%). This work presented suitable information about the anthocyanin molecules immobilization onto chitosan films and, these results could be important to the use these pigments with chitosan in different areas.

Asunto(s)

Antocianinas/química , Antocianinas/aislamiento & purificación , Brassica/química , Quitosano/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Adsorción , Cinética , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier , Resistencia a la Tracción , Termodinámica

RESUMEN

Devido à alta frequência de lesões em membros locomotores e sua difícil cicatrização em equinos, há uma crescente busca por tratamentos alternativos e fitoterápicos, visando redução de custo e de fácil manipulação. O repolho vem sendo utilizado com êxito devido a propriedades adstringente e de regeneração tecidual, além de promover a proliferação de fibrosblastos e motilidade das células epiteliais na região do tecido lesionado. O óleo de Girassol ozonizado possui característica de penetrar nos tecidos, ocasionar homeostasia, e contribuir com ação bactericida, fungicida e aumentar fibrinogênio na lesão. Neste relato de caso, após o tratamento como Repolho e óleo de Girassol ozonizado, o equino obteve alta hospitalar em boas condições clínicas e a ferida em processo final de cicatrização.

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Due to the high frequency of lesions on locomotor limbs and their difficult healing in equines, there is a growing search for alternative and phytotherapeutic treatments, aiming at cost reduction and easy manipulation. The cabbage has been used successfully due to abstergent and tissue regeneration properties, besides promoting fibroblast proliferation and epithelial cell motility in the region of the injured tissue. The ozonized sunflower oil has the characteristic of penetrating the tissues, causing homeostasis, and contributing with bactericidal, fungicidal action and increasing fibrinogen in the lesion. In this case report, after treatment with Cabbage and ozonized Sunflower oil, the horse was discharged in good clinical condition and the wound in the final healing process.

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Debido la grande frecuencia de las lesiones en los membros de los equídeos y la dificultad de cicatrización de los mismo hay una búsqueda creciente por tratamentos alternativos y de fitoterapia, com el objetivo de reducir los gastos y para que sea fácil su manipulación. El repollo ha tenido un gran exito en el tratamento de heridas de piel debido sus propiedades astringentes y de regeneración de los tejidos, y también por promover la proliferación de fibroblastos y la motilidad de las células epiteliales en la región del tejido lesionado. El aceite de girasol con ozono tiene la característica de penetrar em los tejidos ayudando en la homeostasis y contribuye com una acción bactericida, fungicida y aumentando el fibrinogénio de la lesión. En este trabajo se objetiva presentar um caso de la utilización del repollo y de aceite de girasol con ozono, el equino obtuve alta hospitalaria em buenas condiciones clínicas y la herida de piel em proceso final de cicatrización.

Asunto(s)

Animales , Caballos/lesiones , Cicatrización de Heridas , Fitoterapia/veterinaria , Piel/lesiones , Brassica/efectos adversos , Helianthus/efectos adversos , Ozonización

RESUMEN

Devido à alta frequência de lesões em membros locomotores e sua difícil cicatrização em equinos, há uma crescente busca por tratamentos alternativos e fitoterápicos, visando redução de custo e de fácil manipulação. O repolho vem sendo utilizado com êxito devido a propriedades adstringente e de regeneração tecidual, além de promover a proliferação de fibrosblastos e motilidade das células epiteliais na região do tecido lesionado. O óleo de Girassol ozonizado possui característica de penetrar nos tecidos, ocasionar homeostasia, e contribuir com ação bactericida, fungicida e aumentar fibrinogênio na lesão. Neste relato de caso, após o tratamento como Repolho e óleo de Girassol ozonizado, o equino obteve alta hospitalar em boas condições clínicas e a ferida em processo final de cicatrização.(AU)

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Due to the high frequency of lesions on locomotor limbs and their difficult healing in equines, there is a growing search for alternative and phytotherapeutic treatments, aiming at cost reduction and easy manipulation. The cabbage has been used successfully due to abstergent and tissue regeneration properties, besides promoting fibroblast proliferation and epithelial cell motility in the region of the injured tissue. The ozonized sunflower oil has the characteristic of penetrating the tissues, causing homeostasis, and contributing with bactericidal, fungicidal action and increasing fibrinogen in the lesion. In this case report, after treatment with Cabbage and ozonized Sunflower oil, the horse was discharged in good clinical condition and the wound in the final healing process.(AU)

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Debido la grande frecuencia de las lesiones en los membros de los equídeos y la dificultad de cicatrización de los mismo hay una búsqueda creciente por tratamentos alternativos y de fitoterapia, com el objetivo de reducir los gastos y para que sea fácil su manipulación. El repollo ha tenido un gran exito en el tratamento de heridas de piel debido sus propiedades astringentes y de regeneración de los tejidos, y también por promover la proliferación de fibroblastos y la motilidad de las células epiteliales en la región del tejido lesionado. El aceite de girasol con ozono tiene la característica de penetrar em los tejidos ayudando en la homeostasis y contribuye com una acción bactericida, fungicida y aumentando el fibrinogénio de la lesión. En este trabajo se objetiva presentar um caso de la utilización del repollo y de aceite de girasol con ozono, el equino obtuve alta hospitalaria em buenas condiciones clínicas y la herida de piel em proceso final de cicatrización.(AU)

Asunto(s)

Animales , Caballos/lesiones , Fitoterapia/veterinaria , Cicatrización de Heridas , Piel/lesiones , Brassica/efectos adversos , Helianthus/efectos adversos , Ozonización

RESUMEN

A new method was developed to determine the antioxidant properties of red cabbage extract (Brassica oleracea) by mid (MID) and near (NIR) infrared spectroscopies and partial least squares (PLS) regression. A 70% (v/v) ethanolic extract of red cabbage was concentrated to 9° Brix and further diluted (12 to 100%) in water. The dilutions were used as external standards for the building of PLS models. For the first time, this strategy was applied for building multivariate regression models. Reference analyses and spectral data were obtained from diluted extracts. The determinate properties were total and monomeric anthocyanins, total polyphenols and antioxidant capacity by ABTS (2,2-azino-bis(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonate)) and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) methods. Ordered predictors selection (OPS) and genetic algorithm (GA) were used for feature selection before PLS regression (PLS-1). In addition, a PLS-2 regression was applied to all properties simultaneously. PLS-1 models provided more predictive models than did PLS-2 regression. PLS-OPS and PLS-GA models presented excellent prediction results with a correlation coefficient higher than 0.98. However, the best models were obtained using PLS and variable selection with the OPS algorithm and the models based on NIR spectra were considered more predictive for all properties. Then, these models provided a simple, rapid and accurate method for determination of red cabbage extract antioxidant properties and its suitability for use in the food industry.

Asunto(s)

Antocianinas/análisis , Antioxidantes/análisis , Brassica/metabolismo , Extracción Líquido-Líquido/métodos , Extractos Vegetales/química , Polifenoles/análisis , Espectrofotometría Infrarroja/métodos , Algoritmos , Análisis de los Mínimos Cuadrados

RESUMEN

AIMS: To demonstrate the ability of Bacillus thuringiensis to penetrate as spore-crystal complex to the internal tissues of bean plants, and keep its insecticidal activity. To test the vertical transmission of the spore-crystal complex in Arabidopsis thaliana. METHODS AND RESULTS: The experimental strain was transformed with the pMUTIN-gfp plasmid which labelled the spores of B. thuringiensis HD-73 with the GFP protein. Once the rhizosphere of the bean plants was inoculated with the labelled strain, the bacterium was recovered from leaves, stems, and petioles. Furthermore, toxicity of treated plants was significantly higher than control plants when bio-assayed on cabbage looper larvae. The labelled strain was recovered from the dead insects. When the rhizosphere of A. thaliana plants was inoculated with the labelled strain, mature seeds from these plants were surface-sterilized and grown under in vitro conditions. The labelled strain was recovered from the seedlings. CONCLUSIONS: We showed that B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (HD-73) in the rhizosphere can translocate to upper tissues of bean plants, and keep its insecticidal activity. Transmission of the labelled B. thuringiensis strain passed to the next generation of A. thaliana. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The role of B. thuringiensis as a potential facultative endophyte bacterium and the possible biotechnological repercussions are discussed.

Asunto(s)

Arabidopsis/microbiología , Bacillus thuringiensis/fisiología , Proteínas Bacterianas/toxicidad , Endotoxinas/toxicidad , Proteínas Hemolisinas/toxicidad , Insecticidas , Phaseolus/microbiología , Animales , Bacillus thuringiensis/genética , Bacillus thuringiensis/aislamiento & purificación , Toxinas de Bacillus thuringiensis , Proteínas Bacterianas/análisis , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Endotoxinas/análisis , Endotoxinas/genética , Proteínas Fluorescentes Verdes/análisis , Proteínas Fluorescentes Verdes/genética , Proteínas Hemolisinas/análisis , Proteínas Hemolisinas/genética , Insecticidas/análisis , Larva/microbiología , Mariposas Nocturnas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Mariposas Nocturnas/microbiología , Rizosfera

RESUMEN

Light emitting diode (LED) lights play an important role in the plant physiology and alter the metabolites in a significant manner. Glucosinolates (GSLs), polyphenols, flavonoids and antioxidant properties of Chinese cabbage and kale cultivated in varying LED lights were investigated. Analysis revealed 7 aliphatic, 3 indolyl and 1 aromatic GSLs in Chinese cabbage and kale. The total GSL content ranged from 1.5-19.08 and 1.85-24.87 µmol/g DW, and glucobrassicanapin was the predominant GSL (3) in Chinese cabbage, whereas; sinigrin (3.49 µmol/g DW) was in kale. Blue and red LED lights produced significantly higher amount of GSLs in Chinese cabbage and kale respectively. Results revealed higher amount of total polyphenol (3.845 µg/mL) and total flavanoids (3.939 μg/mL) in Chinese cabbage. Chinese cabbage and kale showed significant antioxidant activities when compare with positive control, and the antioxidant assays were slightly correlated with total GSLs, polyphenols and flavanoids contents. The influence of LED lights on glucobrassicin in Chinese cabbage and kale should be studied extensively, because GSL is the precursor of indole-3-carbinol, a potent anticancer isothiocyanate.

RESUMEN

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the drying air temperature (140 and 160°C) and the concentration of encapsulating agents gum Arabic and polydextrose (10 and 15%) on the physicochemical characteristics of the red cabbage extract obtained through extraction in acidulated water and drying using a spray dryer. The anthocyanin retention, antioxidant activity, water activity, solubility, color and microstructure of the final product were analyzed. Results showed that increase in the temperature did not cause significant changes in the anthocyanin quantity and antioxidant activity. The microscopic analysis revealed that for both the encapsulating agents, the absence of fissures and porosity in the particle surfaces produced powder with high solubility in water. The principal component analyses showed a strong correlation between the anthocyanin content and the antioxidant activity (r = 0.82) and luminosity (r = 0.81).

RESUMEN

The cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a generalist species and an important pest of Brassicaceae worldwide. Egg parasitoids are a feasible alternative for the control of this species. We evaluated the suitability of T. ni eggs as hosts for three Trichogramma Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) species and their tolerance to survive and develop within a range of temperatures between 15 and 30 °C under laboratory conditions. The species evaluated were Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, Trichogramma atopovirilia Oatman and Platner, and Trichogramma acacioi Brun, Moraes and Soares. Parasitism rate was affected by temperature, parasitoid species, and by the interaction between these two factors. Parasitoids developed and reproduced in the range of temperatures evaluated, but Trichog. acacioi failed to parasitize T. ni eggs at 30 °C. The highest parasitism rates of Trichog. atopovirilia and Trichog. pretiosum occurred at 20 and 25 °C and Trichog. acacioi at 25 °C, with parasitism rate above 70% in the three species. Parasitoid emergence was not affected by temperature or species. The estimated thermal constant and lower temperature threshold were 134.6 DD and 10.6 °C for Trichog. pretiosum and 130.1 DD and 11.2 °C for Trichog. atopovirilia. The results demonstrated that Trichog. pretiosum and Trichog. atopovirilia are the most suitable species for the control of T. ni, as they can remain active throughout the year in subtropical regions.

Asunto(s)

Frío , Himenópteros/crecimiento & desarrollo , Mariposas Nocturnas/parasitología , Óvulo/parasitología , Control Biológico de Vectores , Animales , Larva/crecimiento & desarrollo , Larva/parasitología , Mariposas Nocturnas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Óvulo/crecimiento & desarrollo , Pupa/crecimiento & desarrollo , Pupa/parasitología , Especificidad de la Especie

RESUMEN

The genetic diversity of 20 cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata, including sub.var. alba and rubra) cultivars and landraces from the Gene bank of Crop Research Institute was estimated using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) marker technology. Two cultivars of Brassica pekinensis (syn. Brassica rapa var. pekinensis) were used as outliers in the study. Thirty AFLP primer combinations produced a total of 1084 fragments. A total of 806 fragments, 364 (45 percent) of them polymorphic, were found across 20 Brassica oleracea var. capitata accessions. The accessions were clustered into two main groups. Special subgroups, reflecting place of origin, were observed within these groups. Ten selective primer pairs were found to be most informative because each of these uniquely identified all of the accessions used. Furthermore, two accessions of Brassica pekinensis were clearly differentiated from the Brassica oleracea var. capitata accessions. AFLP is an efficient tool for determination of genetic diversity of cabbage gene bank accessions.

Asunto(s)

Análisis del Polimorfismo de Longitud de Fragmentos Amplificados , Brassica/genética , Variación Genética , Marcadores Genéticos

RESUMEN

A couve é uma hortaliça originária das diversas formas da couve selvagem. Possui um alto valor nutritivo e medicinal, fornecendo proteínas, sais minerais e vitaminas que são substâncias essenciais para o bom funcionamento do organismo e auxilia na digestão dos alimentos. Sendo objetivo desta pesquisa avaliar a qualidade da Brassica oleraceae L. em relação às concentrações de nutrientes nas folhas, peso da matéria fresca e seca e teor de proteínas em função da aplicação de adubação orgânica. O experimento foi conduzido na área da INFRAERO, no município de Imperatriz MA, utilizando a espécie Brassica oleraceae L., variedade manteiga, onde foi estabelecido delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com 5 tratamento e 4 repetições, utilizando vasos para o cultivo dessa hortícola. Os tratamentos consistem de TI - Substrato com somente solo (1: O); T2 Partes iguais de solo e esterco de gado (1: 1); T3 - Duas parte de solo para uma de esterco de gado (2:1). T4 Partes iguais de solo e esterco de aves (1: 1); T5 - Duas partes de solo para uma de esterco de aves (2: 1). Antes da implantação do experimento o solo foi coletado e analisado de acordo com a metodologia do Boletim Técnico IAC (1997) e EMBRAPA (2000). As mudas foram preparadas em bandejas de isopor, utilizando-se como substrato terra preta. Foram feitas regas diárias pela manhã e ao final da tarde e as condições ambientaismantidas constantes em todos os tratamentos. Decorridos 20 dias da germinação, as mudas foram transplantadas para a parcela experimental, a qual consiste em uma planta por vaso. As plantas foram colhidas 60 dias após o transplante. Foram coletadas todas as folhas das hortícola separadas por tratamentos e repetições, as mesmas foram lavadas e conduzidas ao laboratório para fazer a pesagem do material fresco, logo depois a estufa à 60°C para se determinar o peso seco. [...] (AU)

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The cabbage is a greens original from many kinds of wild cabbage. It has a high nutritious and medicinalcontent, supplying proteins, mineral salts and vitamins that are essential substances to the good operation of the organism and help in the food's digestion, because it's rich in fibre. The aim of this research is evaluate the quality of the Brassica oleraceae L. in relation of the concentrations of nutrients in the leafs, gain of the fresh and dry matter and proteins content due the organic fertilizaiion: The test was run in INFRAERO'S area in Imperatriz city - MA, using the Brassica oleraceae L. specie, butter variety, where was established experimental design completely randomized with 5 treatments and 4 repetitions, using vases for the cultivation of this greens. The treatments are T1 - manure with only soil (1:0); T2 - The same part of soil and cattle manure (1:1); T3 - Two parts of soil for one of cattle manure (2:1). T4 -The same part of soil and bird manure (1:1); T5 - Two parts of soil to one of bird manure (2:1). Before the implant of the experiment the soil was collected and analyzed according the methodology of the Technical Newsletter IAC (1997) and EMBRAPA(2000). The seedlings were prepared in styrofoam tray, using as substrate black dirt, were made daily irrigation and in the and of the afternoon and the environment conditions kept constant in all treatments. Passed 20 days of the germination, the seedlings were transplanted to the experimental plot, that made up of in a plant by vase. The plants were gathered 60 days after the transplant were collected all the leafs of the greens separated by treatments and repetitions, the same were washed and conducted to the laboratory to make the weighing of the freshmaterial, after the stove 60°C to determine the dry weigh. [..] (AU)

Asunto(s)

Brassica , Calidad de los Alimentos , Alimentos Orgánicos

RESUMEN

Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, a avaliação de antioxidantes na prevenção do escurecimento e na manutenção da qualidade de palmito pupunha minimamente processado armazenado a 5º C (± 1º C e 90 por cento ± 5 por cento UR). Os palmitos foram adquiridos no município de Coqueiral (MG), lavados em água corrente e detergente neutro, sanificados com hipoclorito de sódio 200 mg L-1 por 15 min, processados em rodelas de 1 cm de espessura, sanificados com hipoclorito de sódio 100 mg L-1 por 10 min e submetidos aos seguintes tratamentos: controle, cisteína 0,5 por cento, ácido cítrico 0,5 por cento e cisteína 0,5 por cento + ácido cítrico 0,5 por cento. Posteriormente, foram acondicionados em embalagens rígidas de polipropileno, armazenados por 12 dias a 5º C (± 1º C e 90 por cento ± 5 por cento UR). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente causalizado em fatorial 4x7 (4 tratamentos e 7 tempos de armazenamento) com 3 repetições. O palmito sem tratamento apresentou vida útil de oito dias. O tratamento com cisteína 0,5 por cento foi o que melhor manteve a qualidade de palmito pupunha (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) minimamente processado, caracterizando um produto com menores valores e menos oscilações de a* e b*, manutenção da firmeza e da acidez titulável ao longo do armazenamento, redução da atividade da peroxidase e manutenção da qualidade do produto durante o período avaliado.

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The objective of this work was to evaluate the role antioxidants in preventing both browning and quality maintenance of fresh cut pupunha palm cabbage stored at 5º C (± 1º C and 90 percent ± 5 percent RH). The pupunha palm cabbages were purchased in the town of Coqueiral (MG), washed in running water and neutral detergent, sanitized with 200 mg L-1 sodium hypochlorite for 15 min, processed into 1cm-thick rings, sanitized with 100 mg L-1 sodium hypochlorite for 10 min and submitted to the following treatments: control, 0.5 percent cysteine, 0.5 percent citric acid and 0.5 percent cysteine + 0.5 percent citric acid. Afterwards, they were packed into stiff polypropylene packages stored for 12 days at 5º C (± 1º C and 90 percent ± 5 percent RH). The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial 4x7 (4 treatments and 7 storage times) with three replicates. The control group showed useful life of 8 days. The treatment with 0.5 percent cysteine was the one which kept the quality of the fresh cut pupunha palm cabbage (Bactris gasipaes Kunth), characterizing a product with lower values and fewer oscillations of a* e b*, maintenance of firmness and titrable acidity along the storage, reduction of proxidase activity and maintenance of the product quality during the period valued.