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Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder that includes behavioural and cognitive manifestations generated by genetic or environmental factors, caused by a dysfunction of the dopaminergic system which contributes to the genesis of psychosis, producing a profound effect on affected individuals and society [6]. In this work, demographic data, neuropsychological profiles and measurements of brain morphometry, using Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI), of three groups of patients are presented. A control group with 15 patients, a schizophrenic without dementia group with 10 patients, and a schizophrenic with dementia group with 10 patients constituted the observed sample. Results of 21 neuropsychological tests and 11 brain structure measurements are included. The data set is a comprehensive source for advancing in a further understanding of schizophrenia and schizophrenia-dementia neuro-pathologies.

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La atrofia cerebral es un hallazgo común en pacientes con infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana, especialmente en pacientes con demencia; lo que demuestra compromiso neocortical en estadios tardíos de la enfermedad y compromiso de los ganglios basales en las fases tempranas o asintomáticas. Objetivo: Evaluar los cambios en el volumen cerebral total, el volumen del núcleo caudado, el volumen del núcleo accumbens y la anisotropía fraccional de los tractos de sustancia blanca en pacientes con VIH sin síntomas neurodegenerativos, en relación con sujetos sanos. Métodos: Para la segmentación y cuantificación del tejido cerebral se extrajo el cerebro y el cráneo; se normalizó de acuerdo con el volumen cerebral total, y a partir de este se segmentaron los volúmenes del núcleo caudado y del núcleo accumbens. Se utilizó el método de tractografía espacial estadística para la cuantificación y búsqueda de diferencias en el coeficiente de anisotropía fraccional. Resultados: El porcentaje de volumen de sustancia blanca respecto al volumen cerebral fue menor en los pacientes con VIH (42,83 ± 2,65%), comparado con los sujetos sanos (43,56 ± 1,60%). El porcentaje de volumen del núcleo de accumbens izquierdo en los pacientes con VIH fue del 0,0254 ± 0,0073 % del cerebro, y en los individuos sanos, del 0,0351 ± 0,0067% del cerebro; (p < 0,05). Conclusión: No fue evidente ni significativa la disminución del volumen del parénquima cerebral de la sustancia gris, a excepción del núcleo accumbens izquierdo. En relación con el volumen de la sustancia blanca, se hallaron cambios globales y no regionales en dichos tractos…

Cerebral atrophy is a common finding in patients infected with the Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV), particularly in patients with dementia. This disease shows neocortical compromise in late stages as well as compromise in the basal ganglia in early or asyntomatic phases. Objective: Evaluate changes in total brain volume, caudate nucleus volume, nucleus accumbens volume, and fractional anisotropy of white matter tracts in HIV pa tients without neurodegenerative symptoms, in comparison with healthy subjects. Methods: For segmentation and quantification purposes of the brain tissue, the brain and skull were extracted and the tissue was normalized according to total brain volume. From the tissue thus obtained, the caudate nucleus and nucleus accumbens volumes were segmented. The method of statistic spatial tractography was used for quantification and search of differences in the fractional anisotropy coefficient. Results: The percentage of white mat ter volume with respect to brain volume was smaller in HIV patients (42.83±2.65 %) when compared with healthy subjects (43.56±1.60 %). The percentage of left nucleus accumbensvolume in HIV patients was 0.0254±0.0073 % of the brain and 0.0351±0.0067 % in healthy subjects; (p<0.05). Conclusions: It was not evident A decrease in the volume of the gray matter parenchyma was not evident or significant, except in the left nucleus accumbens. Global but not regional changes were found in white matter tracts…

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UNLABELLED: Cerebral atrophy is a common finding in patients infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), particularly in patients with dementia. This disease shows neocortical compromise in late stages as well as compromise in the basal ganglia in early or asyntomatic phases. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate changes in total brain volume, caudate nucleus volume, nucleus accumbens volume, and fractional anisotropy of white matter tracts in HIV patients without neurodegenerative symptoms, in comparison with healthy subjects. METHODS: For segmentation and quantification purposes of the brain tissue, the brain and skull were extracted and the tissue was normalized according to total brain volume. From the tissue thus obtained, the caudate nucleus and nucleus accumbens volumes were segmented. The method of statistic spatial tractography was used for quantification and search of differences in the fractional anisotropy coefficient. RESULTS: The percentage of white matter volume with respect to brain volume was smaller in HIV patients (42.83±2.65 %) when compared with healthy subjects (43.56±1.60 %). The percentage of left nucleus accumbens volume in HIV patients was 0.0254±0.0073 % of the brain and 0.0351±0.0067 % in healthy subjects; (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: It was not evident A decrease in the volume of the gray matter parenchyma was not evident or significant, except in the left nucleus accumbens. Global but not regional changes were found in white matter tracts.