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Emotion perception interacts with how we think and speak, including our concept of emotions. Body expression is an important way of emotion communication, but it is unknown whether and how its perception is modulated by conceptual knowledge. In this study, we employed representational similarity analysis and conducted three experiments combining semantic similarity, mouse-tracking task, and one-back behavioral task with electroencephalography and functional magnetic resonance imaging techniques, the results of which show that conceptual knowledge predicted the perceptual representation of body expressions. Further, this prediction effect occurred at approximately 170 ms post-stimulus. The neural encoding of body expressions in the fusiform gyrus and lingual gyrus was impacted by emotion concept knowledge. Taken together, our results indicate that conceptual knowledge of emotion categories shapes the configural representation of body expressions in the ventral visual cortex, which offers compelling evidence for the constructed emotion theory.
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Mapeo Encefálico , Electroencefalografía , Emociones , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Humanos , Emociones/fisiología , Masculino , Adulto Joven , Femenino , Adulto , Percepción Social , Formación de Concepto/fisiologíaRESUMEN
La necesidad de buscar alternativas que permitan la inclusión de los estudiantes con diferentes discapacidades en la práctica de la Educación Física induce a que se utilice la danza contemporánea como expresión corporal, pues impacta en el desarrollo y mejora la calidad de vida, en lo físico y psicológico, al expresarse emociones y sentimientos a través del movimiento. El trabajo que se presenta tiene como finalidad diseñar una estrategia de inclusión para estudiantes con discapacidades múltiples donde la Educación Física utilice la danza contemporánea como expresión corporal en las aulas especializadas, en la unidad educativa "Dolores Cacuango" de la parroquia Pascuales, Guayas-Guayaquil. Para el estudio se aplicaron métodos científicos como la revisión documental, la entrevista, la encuesta y la observación para recopilar información acerca de los estudiantes con diferentes discapacidades, y de los docentes involucrados en las clases de Educación Física y su combinación con la danza contemporánea. Como resultados, se diseña una estrategia de inclusión para estudiantes con discapacidades múltiples donde la Educación Física utiliza la danza contemporánea como expresión corporal. Se concluyó que las dinámicas de las actividades danzarías propuestas en la estrategia, se fundamentaron sobre bases científicas, y en correspondencia con la relación entre actividad física, condición física y salud, para fortalecer los músculos, mejorar el equilibrio, la coordinación del movimiento, la inclusión a la sociedad, y el compartir un mismo proyecto humano.
A necessidade de buscar alternativas que permitam a inclusão de alunos com diferentes deficiências na prática da Educação Física leva à utilização da dança contemporânea como expressão corporal, uma vez que impacta o desenvolvimento e melhora a qualidade de vida, física e psicológica, quando as emoções e os sentimentos são expressos através do movimento. O objetivo do trabalho apresentado é desenhar uma estratégia de inclusão de alunos com deficiência múltipla onde a Educação Física utiliza a dança contemporânea como expressão corporal em salas de aula especializadas, na unidade educacional "Dolores Cacuango" da freguesia de Pascuales, Guayas-Guayaquil. Para o estudo foram aplicados métodos científicos como revisão documental, entrevista, levantamento e observação para coletar informações sobre alunos com diferentes deficiências e professores envolvidos nas aulas de Educação Física e sua combinação com a dança contemporânea. Como resultado, desenha-se uma estratégia de inclusão para alunos com deficiência múltipla onde a Educação Física utiliza a dança contemporânea como expressão corporal. Concluiu-se que a dinâmica das atividades de dança propostas na estratégia foram baseadas em bases científicas, e em correspondência com a relação entre atividade física, condição física e saúde, para fortalecer os músculos, melhorar o equilíbrio, a coordenação do movimento, a inclusão na sociedade, e compartilhando o mesmo projeto humano.
The need to look for alternatives that allow the inclusion of students with different disabilities in the practice of Physical Education leads to the use of contemporary dance as body expression, since it impacts development and improves the quality of life, physically and psychologically, when emotions and feelings are expressed through movement. The purpose of the work presented is to design an inclusion strategy for students with multiple disabilities where Physical Education uses contemporary dance as body expression in specialized classrooms, in the "Dolores Cacuango " educational unit of the Pascuales parish, Guayas-Guayaquil. For the study, scientific methods such as documentary review, interviews, surveys and observations were applied to collect information about students with different disabilities, and teachers involved in Physical Education classes and their combination with contemporary dance. As results, an inclusion strategy is designed for students with multiple disabilities where Physical Education uses contemporary dance as body expression. It was concluded that the dynamics of the dance activities proposed in the strategy were based on scientific bases, and in correspondence with the relationship between physical activity, physical condition and health, to strengthen muscles, improve balance, coordination of movement, inclusion in society, and sharing the same human project.
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The impact of emotional words on the recognition of body expression and the underlying neurodynamic mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study used a classic supraliminal priming paradigm and event related potential (ERP) to investigate the effect of emotion-label words (experiment 1) and emotional verbs (experiment 2) on the recognition of body expressions. The behavioral results revealed that individuals exhibited a higher accuracy in recognizing happy expressions when presented with a happy-label word condition, in contrast to neutral expressions. Furthermore, it was observed that the accuracy of recognizing happy body expressions was reduced when preceded by angry verb priming, compared to happy and neutral priming conditions. Conversely, the accuracy of recognizing angry body expressions was higher in response to angry verb priming than happy and neutral primings. The ERP results showed that, in the recognition of happy body expressions, the P300 amplitude elicited by angry-label words was more positive, while a congruent verb-expression condition elicited more positive P300 amplitude than an incongruent condition in the left hemisphere and midline. However, in the recognition of angry body expressions, the N400 amplitude elicited by a congruent verb-expression condition was smaller than that elicited by an incongruent condition. These results suggest that both abstract emotion-label words and specific emotional verbs influence the recognition of body expressions. In addition, integrating happy semantic context and body expression might occur at the P300 stage, whereas integrating angry semantic context and body expression might occur at the N400 stage. These findings present novel evidence regarding the criticality of emotional context in the recognition of emotions.
Asunto(s)
Electroencefalografía , Emociones , Potenciales Evocados , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Adulto Joven , Adulto , Emociones/fisiología , Potenciales Evocados/fisiología , Potenciales Relacionados con Evento P300/fisiología , Reconocimiento en Psicología/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Semaglutide is currently the most promising antidiabetic drug, especially for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, due to its excellent efficacy in glycemic control and weight loss. However, the production of semaglutide remains high cost, and high yield, low cost, and high purity still remains a challenge. Herein, we reported a convenient and high-yield strategy for the preparation of semaglutide through fragmented condensation coupling, involving solid-phase peptide synthesis of tetrapeptide and on-column refolding and on-column enzyme cleavage based inclusion body expression of Lys26Arg34GLP-1 (11-37) with fused protein tags in an X-Y-D4K-G pattern. The optimized N-terminal protein tag significantly boosts inclusion body expression level, while on-column refolding and on-column enzyme cleavage avoid precipitation, enhancing efficiency and yield together with one-step purification. The successful preparation of semaglutide is expected to achieve large-scale industrial production with low cost, high yield and high purity.
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Péptidos Similares al Glucagón , Cuerpos de Inclusión , Técnicas de Síntesis en Fase Sólida , Péptidos Similares al Glucagón/química , Técnicas de Síntesis en Fase Sólida/métodos , Cuerpos de Inclusión/química , Escherichia coli/genética , Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Hipoglucemiantes/química , HumanosRESUMEN
El objetivo del estudio se centró en caracterizar los niveles de desarrollo de la expresión corporal y motricidad alcanzados mediante la modalidad virtual, en un grupo de niños de la escuela de Educación Básica Víctor Murillo Soto, en Ecuador, al finalizar el período lectivo 2020-2021. Se realizó una investigación transversal-no experimental, mediante un estudio de campo con muestreo no probabilístico, intencional y estratificado integrado por 32 niños, sus padres y un docente. Se operacionalizaron las variables educación en modalidad virtual, expresión corporal y motricidad en cuatro dimensiones: percepción de resultado, estrategias de implementación, percepción de su impacto y niveles de desarrollo y se aplicaron un cuestionario, una entrevista estructurada y una guía de observación; además de, una escala de valoración con tres niveles de desarrollo. Los resultados evidenciaron que los padres de familia, se mostraron a favor de la modalidad presencial en relación al alcance de objetivos de aprendizajes motrices, de aprovechar los espacios físicos en las instituciones educativas infantiles y de lograr una educación de calidad para sus hijos; se reveló una contradicción entre el discurso docente y los niveles reales de desarrollo de la expresión corporal y motricidad infantil, en correspondencia con las exigencias curriculares del subnivel y bajos niveles de desarrollo en la expresión corporal y motricidad, al finalizar el período lectivo, debido a que solo una tercera parte de los niños logra la categoría de adquirido.
SÍNTESE O objetivo do estudo foi caracterizar os níveis de desenvolvimento da expressão corporal e das habilidades motoras alcançados através da modalidade virtual, em um grupo de crianças da Escola de Educação Básica Víctor Murillo Soto, no Equador, no final do ano letivo de 2020-2021. Uma pesquisa transversal e não experimental foi realizada através de um estudo de campo com amostragem não-probabilística, intencional e estratificada de 32 crianças, seus pais e um professor. As variáveis educação virtual, expressão corporal e habilidades motoras foram operacionalizadas em quatro dimensões: percepção dos resultados, estratégias de implementação, percepção de seu impacto e níveis de desenvolvimento, e um questionário, uma entrevista estruturada e um guia de observação foram aplicados, assim como uma escala de classificação com três níveis de desenvolvimento. Os resultados mostraram que os pais eram a favor da modalidade presencial em relação à realização dos objetivos de aprendizagem motora, de aproveitar os espaços físicos das instituições educacionais das crianças e de conseguir uma educação de qualidade para seus filhos; Foi revelada uma contradição entre o discurso dos professores e os níveis reais de desenvolvimento da expressão física e das habilidades motoras das crianças, de acordo com as exigências curriculares do sub-nível, e os baixos níveis de desenvolvimento da expressão física e das habilidades motoras no final do ano letivo, uma vez que apenas um terço das crianças atinge a categoria de adquiridas.
The objective of the study focused on characterizing the levels of development of body expression and motor skills achieved through the virtual modality, in a group of children from the Víctor Murillo Soto Basic Education school, in Ecuador, at the end of the 20-2021 school year. A non-experimental, cross-sectional research was carried out, through a field study with non-probabilistic, intentional and stratified sampling made up of 32 children, their parents and a teacher. The variables education in virtual modality, body expression and motor skills were operationalized in four dimensions: perception of result, implementation strategies, perception of its impact and levels of development and a questionnaire, a structured interview and an observation guide were applied; in addition, a rating scale with three levels of development. The results showed that the parents were in favor of the face-to-face modality in relation to the achievement of motor learning objectives, to take advantage of the physical spaces in children's educational institutions and to achieve a quality education for their children; a contradiction was revealed between the teaching discourse and the real levels of development of child body language and motor skills, in correspondence with the curricular requirements of the sublevel and low levels of development in body language and motor skills, at the end of the school period, due to that only a third of the children achieve the category of acquired.
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Se plantearon dos objetivos: a) conocer cómo evolucionó la emoción de ira fundamentalmente y otros sentimientos y emociones, que el alumnado experimentó en la clase de Expresión Corporal, tras incluir prácticas orientales propias de las artes marciales; b) señalar prácticas físicas y estrategias utilizadas en la intervención que puedan disminuir la emoción de ira. 70 alumnos/as universitarios que cursan la asignatura de Expresión Corporal en el Grado de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte participaron en el estudio. Se implementó una intervención de ocho sesiones, durante ocho semanas. Se recogió información a través de grupos de discusión y el diario de seguimiento del profesor. El análisis produjo tres categorías/temas: emociones, prácticas físicas y prácticas orientales y estrategias para disminución de la ira. Tras la intervención el alumnado experimentó más emociones positivas que negativas, aunque las negativas predominaron antes del comienzo de las sesiones. Se señala la música, los movimientos lentos, el silencio, el trabajo de respiración y la meditación como estrategias válidas para la disminución de la ira. (AU)
Foram traçados dois objetivos: a) conhecer como evolui fundamentalmente a emoção da raiva e outros sentimentos e emoções que os alunos vivenciaram na aula de Expressão Corporal após a inclusão de práticas orientais típicas das artes marciais; b) apontar práticas físicas e estratégias utilizadas na intervenção que podem reduzir a emoção da raiva. Participaram no estudo setenta estudantes universitários que frequentam a disciplina de Expressão Corporal na Licenciatura em Ciências da Atividade Física e do Desporto. Foi implementada uma intervenção de oito sessões, durante oito semanas. As informações foram coletadas por meio de grupos focais e diário do professor. A análise produziu três categorias/temas: emoções, atividades físicas e estratégias de redução da raiva. Após a intervenção, os alunos vivenciaram mais emoções positivas do que negativas, embora as negativas predominassem antes do início das sessões. Música, movimentos lentos, silêncio, respiração e meditação são apontados como estratégias válidas para reduzir a raiva. (AU)
Two objectives were set: a) know how the emotion of anger fundamentally evolves and other feelings and emotions that the students experienced in Body Expression class after including oriental practices typical of martial arts; b) point out physical practices and strategies used in the intervention that can reduce the emotion of anger. Seventy university students who are studying Body Expression in the Degree in Physical Activity and Sports Sciences participated in the study. An intervention of eight sessions was implemented, for eight weeks. Information was collected through focus groups and teache'rs diary. The analysis produced three categories/themes: emotions, physical activities, and anger reduction strategies. After the intervention, the students experienced more positive than negative emotions, although the negative ones predominated before the beginning of the sessions. Music, slow movements, silence, breath work, and meditation are pointed out as valid strategies for reducing anger. (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Body Expression (BE) has been defined in the past few decades as a discipline within Physical Education (PE) with very particular characteristics and a strong emotional component. In this study, a BE program was applied with university Physical Activity and Sports Sciences (PASS) students from six consecutive academic years: three prior to and three during the COVID-19 pandemic. A pre-post design was used to determine how the BE program affected the university students' self-concept (SC). Thus, a questionnaire with a multidimensional approach to this construct was administered, with dimensions closely related to the BE program characteristics. The results revealed significant improvements in the final SC, compared to the initial SC. The men reported lower SC values than the women before the program's implementation, but higher at the end. Therefore, the change was greater in the men, so the program may have had an equalizing effect between the groups. It was also verified that the pandemic had particularly affected the women.
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COVID-19 , Estudiantes , Masculino , Humanos , Femenino , Estudiantes/psicología , Pandemias , COVID-19/epidemiología , Universidades , AutoimagenRESUMEN
Emotions are able to impact our ability to control our behaviors. However, it is not clear whether emotions play a detrimental or an advantageous effect on action control and whether the valence of the emotional stimuli differently affects such motor abilities. One way to measure reactive inhibitory control is the stop-signal task (SST), which estimates the ability to cancel outright a response to the presentation of a stop signal by means of the stop signal reaction times (SSRT). Impaired as well as facilitated action control has been found when faced with emotional stimuli such as stop signals in SSTs and mixed results were observed for positive versus negative stimuli. Here, we aimed to investigate these unresolved issues more deeply. Action control capabilities were tested in 60 participants by means of a SST, in which the stop signals were represented by a fearful and a happy body posture together with their neutral counterpart. Results showed that both positive and negative body postures enhanced the ability to suppress an ongoing action compared to neutral body postures. These results demonstrate that emotional valence-independent emotional stimuli facilitate action control and suggest that emotional stimuli may trigger increased sensory representation and/or attentional processing that may have promote stop-signal processing and hence improved inhibitory performance.
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The bodily expressive action stimulus test (BEAST) is developed to provide a set of standardized emotional stimuli for experimental investigations of emotion and attention, and the consistency has been validated in adult populations abroad. However, the consistency of this test in the Chinese population is unclear. To this end, 42 images of each category of emotion (happiness, sadness, fear, and anger) were selected from 254 images of the original stimulus set to further examine the consistency of the BEAST in Chinese population. Thirty-one Chinese college students and 41 Chinese preschool children participated in this study. All of them were asked to complete an emotion recognition and judgment task. Results showed that adults had a high degree of consistency in rating these pictures, while the children's consistency was at a medium level. For adults, sadness was the easiest to recognize, followed by fear and anger, while happiness was the hardest to recognize. For children, fear was the easiest to recognize, anger and sadness were second, and happiness was also the hardest to recognize. At the same time, adults were more accurate in identifying happiness and sadness than children. For adults, they were more likely to confuse positive emotions with negative emotions. They tended to mistake sadness, fear, and anger for happiness. For children, they were more likely to identify sadness as fear and happiness. They also tended to recognize anger as fear. These results indicate that the recognition performance of BEAST images for Chinese and Western adults are roughly the same, however, in the same cultural context, the recognition performance of adults and children are very different, and generally the recognition accuracy rate of adults is higher than that of children.
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Ira , Emociones , Adulto , Preescolar , China , Expresión Facial , Miedo , Felicidad , HumanosRESUMEN
Investigations of developmental trajectories for emotion recognition suggest that both face- and body expression recognition increases rapidly in early childhood and reaches adult levels of performance near the age of ten. So far, little is known about whether children's ability to recognise body expressions is influenced by the age of the person they are observing. This question is investigated here by presenting 119 children and 42 young adults with videos of children, young adults and older adults expressing emotions with their whole body. The results revealed an own-age advantage for children, reflected in adult-level accuracy for videos of children for most expressions but reduced accuracy for videos of older adults. Children's recognition of older adults' expressions was not correlated with children's estimated amount of contact with older adults. Support for potential influences of social biases on performance measures was minimal. The own-age advantage was explained in terms of children's reduced familiarity with body expressions of older adults due to aging related changes in the kinematics characteristics of movements and potentially due to stronger embodiment of other children's bodily movements.
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Expresión Facial , Reconocimiento en Psicología , Anciano , Sesgo , Niño , Preescolar , Emociones , Cara , Humanos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The appearance of the body signals socially relevant states and traits, but the how these cues are perceived is not well understood. Here we examined judgments of emotion and sex from the body's appearance. Understanding how we extract these cues is important because they are both salient and socially relevant. Participants viewed body images and either reported the emotion expressed by each body while ignoring its sex, or else reported the sex while ignoring its emotion. Following Garner's logic, two types of blocks were compared. In control blocks, the task-irrelevant dimension was fixed (e.g. all male in an emotion judgment task), whereas in orthogonal blocks it varied orthogonally to the task-relevant dimension (e.g. male-female). Where two dimensions draw on shared processes, interference results in relatively slower responses during orthogonal blocks. In contrast, a finding of no Garner interference - efficient selection of the task-relevant dimension - is taken to reflect independent processes. Bayesian analyses revealed evidence of no Garner interference between sex and emotion judgments, showing that extraction of these distinct signals from the body's appearance proceeds along largely parallel processing streams. These findings are informative about the mental architecture behind our perception of socially relevant characteristics of other people.
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Emociones , Teorema de Bayes , Señales (Psicología) , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Estimulación Luminosa , Postura , Tiempo de Reacción , Sexo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
An office chair for analyzing the seated posture variation during the performance of a stress-level test is presented in this work. To meet this aim, we placed a set of textile pressure sensors both on the backrest and on the seat of the chair. The position of the sensors was selected for maximizing the detection of variations of user's posture. The effectiveness of the designed system was evaluated through an experiment where increasing stress levels were obtained by administering a Stroop test. The collected results had been analyzed by considering three different time intervals based on the difficulty level of the test (low, medium, and high). A transition analysis conducted on postures assumed during the test showed that participants reached a different posture at the end of the test, when the cognitive engagement increased, with respect to the beginning. This evidence highlighted the presence of movement presumably due to the increased cognitive engagement. Overall, the performed analysis showed the proposed monitoring system could be used to identify body posture variations related to different levels of engagement of a seated user while performing cognitive tasks.
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Cognición/fisiología , Monitoreo Ambulatorio/instrumentación , Postura/fisiología , Psicofisiología/métodos , Sedestación , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Diseño Interior y Mobiliario/instrumentación , Masculino , Monitoreo Ambulatorio/estadística & datos numéricos , Movimiento/fisiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Many existing findings indicate that processing of emotional information is pre-attentive, largely immune from attentional control. Nevertheless, inconsistent evidence on the interference of emotional cues on cognitive processing suggests that this influence may be a highly conditional phenomenon. The aim of the present study was twofold: (1) to examine the modulation of attention control on emotion processing using facial expressions (2) explore the very same effect for emotional body expressions. In Experiment 1, participants performed a Flanker task in which they had to indicate either the emotion (happy/fearful) or the gender of the target stimulus while ignoring the distracting stimuli at the side. We found evidence for intrusion of the emotional dimension of a stimulus in both the emotion and gender discrimination performance, thus when either task-relevant or task-irrelevant. To further explore the influence of attention control mechanisms, in Experiment 2 participants performed a same-or-different judgment task in which they were asked to pay attention to both the central and lateral stimuli and indicated whether the central stimulus matched the lateral for emotion or gender. Results showed that emotional features exerted an influence at an implicit level (i.e., during gender judgments) for bodies only. Gender features did not affect emotional processing in either experiments. To rule out the possibility that this effect was driven by postural rather than emotional features of fearful vs. happy stimuli, a control experiment was conducted. In Experiment 3, bodies with an opening/up-ward or closing/down-ward posture but with no emotional valence were presented. Results revealed that the body posture did not influence gender discrimination. Findings suggest that the emotional valence of a face or body stimulus can overpass attention filtering mechanisms, independently from the level of attentional modulation (Experiment 1). However, broadening the focus of attention to include the lateral stimuli led emotional information to intrude on the main task, exerting an implicit, bottom-up influence on gender processing, only when conveyed by bodies (Experiment 2). Results point to different mechanisms for the implicit processing of face and body emotional expressions, with the latter likely having role on action preparation processes.
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Automated measurement of affective behavior in psychopathology has been limited primarily to screening and diagnosis. While useful, clinicians more often are concerned with whether patients are improving in response to treatment. Are symptoms abating, is affect becoming more positive, are unanticipated side effects emerging? When treatment includes neural implants, need for objective, repeatable biometrics tied to neurophysiology becomes especially pressing. We used automated face analysis to assess treatment response to deep brain stimulation (DBS) in two patients with intractable obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). One was assessed intraoperatively following implantation and activation of the DBS device. The other was assessed three months post-implantation. Both were assessed during DBS on and o conditions. Positive and negative valence were quantified using a CNN trained on normative data of 160 non-OCD participants. Thus, a secondary goal was domain transfer of the classifiers. In both contexts, DBS-on resulted in marked positive affect. In response to DBS-off, affect flattened in both contexts and alternated with increased negative affect in the outpatient setting. Mean AUC for domain transfer was 0.87. These findings suggest that parametric variation of DBS is strongly related to affective behavior and may introduce vulnerability for negative affect in the event that DBS is discontinued.
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Previous studies have demonstrated differential perception of body expressions between males and females. However, only two recent studies (Kret et al., 2011; Krüger et al., 2013) explored the interaction effect between observer gender and subject gender, and it remains unclear whether this interaction between the two gender factors is gender-congruent (i.e., better recognition of emotions expressed by subjects of the same gender) or gender-incongruent (i.e., better recognition of emotions expressed by subjects of the opposite gender). Here, we used event-related potentials (ERPs) to investigate the recognition of fearful and angry body expressions posed by males and females. Male and female observers also completed an affective rating task (including valence, intensity, and arousal ratings). Behavioral results showed that male observers reported higher arousal rating scores for angry body expressions posed by females than males. ERP data showed that when recognizing angry body expressions, female observers had larger P1 for male than female bodies, while male observers had larger P3 for female than male bodies. These results indicate gender-incongruent effects in early and later stages of body expression processing, which fits well with the evolutionary theory that females mainly play a role in care of offspring while males mainly play a role in family guarding and protection. Furthermore, it is found that in both angry and fearful conditions male observers exhibited a larger N170 for male than female bodies, and female observers showed a larger N170 for female than male bodies. This gender-incongruent effect in the structural encoding stage of processing may be due to the familiarity of the body configural features of the same gender. The current results provide insights into the significant role of gender in body expression processing, helping us understand the issue of gender vulnerability associated with psychiatric disorders characterized by deficits of body language reading.
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The Norovirus (NoV) P domain, with three surface loops for foreign antigen insertion, has been demonstrated as an excellent platform for antigen presentation and novel vaccine development. The P domain alone can self-assemble into a P dimer, 12-mer small particle or 24-mer P particle, and vaccines based on those particles may elicit different levels of immunogenicity. Currently, P particles are generally produced in soluble expression systems in Escherichia coli, mainly in the 24-mer form. However, the low yield of the soluble protein has hindered further clinical applications of P particle-based protein vaccines. In this study, we inserted the Alzheimer's disease (AD) immunogen Aß1-6 into the three loops of the P particle to generate an AD protein vaccine. To increase the yield of this chimeric protein, we tested the generation of proteins in a soluble expression system and an inclusion body expression system separately in E. coli. The result showed that the inclusion body expression system could greatly enhance the product yield of the chimeric protein compared with the soluble expression system. The refolded protein from the inclusion bodies was mainly in the 12-mer form, while the protein generated from the soluble supernatant was mainly in the 24-mer form. Moreover, the immunogenicity of soluble proteins was significantly stronger than that of the refolded proteins. Thus, comparisons between the two expression methods suggested that the soluble expression system generated chimeric P particles with better immunogenicity, while inclusion body expression system yielded more P particle proteins.
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Antígenos Virales , Expresión Génica , Norovirus/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión , Proteínas Virales , Vacunas Virales , Animales , Antígenos Virales/biosíntesis , Antígenos Virales/química , Antígenos Virales/genética , Antígenos Virales/aislamiento & purificación , Escherichia coli/genética , Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Femenino , Inmunogenicidad Vacunal , Ratones , Pichia/genética , Pichia/metabolismo , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/biosíntesis , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/química , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/aislamiento & purificación , Proteínas Virales/biosíntesis , Proteínas Virales/química , Proteínas Virales/genética , Proteínas Virales/aislamiento & purificación , Vacunas Virales/biosíntesis , Vacunas Virales/química , Vacunas Virales/genética , Vacunas Virales/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
Recognition of older people's body expressions is a crucial social skill. We here investigate how age, not just of the observer, but also of the observed individual, affects this skill. Age may influence the ability to recognize other people's body expressions by changes in one's own ability to perform certain action over the life-span (i.e., an own-age bias may occur, with best recognition for one's own age). Whole body point light displays of children, young adults and older adults (>70 years) expressing six different emotions were presented to observers of the same three age-groups. Across two variations of the paradigm, no evidence for the predicted own-age bias (a cross-over interaction between one's own age and the observed person's age) was found. Instead, experience effects were found with children better recognizing older actors' expressions of 'active emotions,' such as anger and happiness with greater exposure in daily life. Together, the findings suggest that age-related changes in one own's mobility only influences body expression categorization in young children who interact frequently with older adults.
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O objetivo deste trabalho é compreender o que a Oficina de Dança e Expressão Corporal produz em seu entorno, pelos territórios por onde passa e nos sujeitos que a vivenciam no espaço da cidade. Como objetivo específico, sistematiza a metodologia desenvolvida nos encontros da Oficina de Dança e Expressão Corporal como uma possibilidade de atuação que prioriza a arte da dança com finalidade artística, em grupo aberto e heterogêneo, de forma pública e gratuita. Como método, opta pelo uso de narrativas (Benjamin, 1994) de vivências da pesquisadora como coordenadora e dançarina da Oficina e da transcrição de depoimentos/testemunhos oferecidos pelos participantes do grupo. Deleuze e Guattari (2010) apresentam-se como importantes interlocutores para fundamentar a leitura cartográfica dessa história e o registro que subsidiou a postura indagativa e reflexiva sobre o que se cria, no processo em andamento da Oficina de Dança e Expressão Corporal, a qual foi tratada neste estudo como lugar-ponte para o sujeito/grupo transitar pelos polos institucionais e abrir passagens, em devir subjetivo e territorial, para além deles. A contribuição da filosofia de Espinosa (2009) mostra-se relevante à dimensão analítica deste trabalho, a qual permitiu a identificação de cinco eixos reflexivos acerca do que pode produzir a Oficina. São eles: singularidade, intensidade, expansão, dança para todos e trabalho para a subjetivação, os quais puderam ser compreendidos como caminhos para promoção de saúde no campo das práticas antimanicomiais
The objective of this work is to understand what the Dance and Body Expression Workshop produces in its surroundings, in the territories where it passes and in the people who experience it in the city space. As specific objective, systematize the methodology developed in the meetings of the Dance and Body Expression Workshop as a possibility of action that prioritizes the art of dance with artistic purpose, in an open and heterogeneous group, in a public way, free of charge. As method, chose the use of narratives (Benjamin, 1994) of experiences of the researcher as coordinator and dancer of the workshop and the transcription of statements/testimonies offered by the participants of the group. Deleuze and Guattari (2010) present themselves as important interlocutors to substantiate the cartographic reading of this story and the record that supported the questioning and reflective stance on what is created in the ongoing process of the Dance and Body Expression Workshop, which was treated in this study as a bridge place for the person/group to transit through the institutional centers and to open passages, in a subjective and territorial change, to go beyond them. The contribution of the philosophy of Espinosa (2009) shows to be relevant to the analytic dimension of this work, which allowed the identification of five reflective axes concerning what the Workshop can produce. They are: uniqueness, intensity, expansion, dance for all and work for the subjectification, which could be understood as pathways to the production of health in the field of the anti-asylum practices
RESUMEN
Processing emotional body expressions has become recently an important topic in affective and social neuroscience along with the investigation of facial expressions. The objective of the study is to review the literature on emotional body expressions in order to discuss the current state of knowledge on this topic and identify directions for future research. The following electronic databases were searched: PsychINFO, Ebsco, ERIC, ProQuest, Sagepub, and SCOPUS using terms such as "body," "bodily expression," "body perception," "emotions," "posture," "body recognition" and combinations of them. The synthesis revealed several research questions that were addressed in neuroimaging, electrophysiological and behavioral studies. Among them, one important question targeted the neural mechanisms of emotional processing of body expressions to specific subsections regarding the time course for the integration of emotional signals from face and body, as well as the role of context in the perception of emotional signals. Processing bodily expression of emotion is similar to processing facial expressions, and the holistic processing is extended to the whole person. The current state-of-the-art in processing emotional body expressions may lead to a better understanding of the underlying neural mechanisms of social behavior. At the end of the review, suggestions for future research directions are presented.
Asunto(s)
Emociones , Reconocimiento Visual de Modelos , Percepción Social , Comunicación , Gestos , Humanos , Reconocimiento Visual de Modelos/fisiologíaRESUMEN
O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar e compreender pela perspectiva das bailarinas participantes do estudo o ideal de corpo demandado pela prática do balé. Para tanto, optamos por uma orientação epistemológica apoiada na fenomenologia de Edmund Husserl e em autores afinados com a fenomenologia proposta por esse filósofo. As entrevistas semiestruturadas em profundidade constituíram a técnica de pesquisa utilizada. O que há de comum nas falas das bailarinas é a referência a um corpo ideal centrado nas produções feitas pelas grandes companhias de balé. Nessas percepções, o corpo desejado e ideal para o balé clássico pode ser tanto inato à pessoa, quanto construído e transformado com muito esforço e dedicação pela bailarina.
The aim of this study was to identify and understand by perspective of ballerinas surveyed the ideal body demanded by the practice of ballet. Therefore, we chose a epistemological orientation supported by the phenomenology of Edmund Husserl and authors in tune with phenomenological approach. As a research technique were performed semi-structured interviews in-depth. What is common in the speech of the dancers is a reference to an ideal body that is centered in the productions made by major ballet companies. In these perceptions, the ideal and desired body of classical ballet can be both innate to the person how constructed and transformed with much effort and dedication.