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BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to assess the 5-year-follow-up (5FU) after Autologous Matrix Induced Chondrogenesis plus Peripheral Blood Concentrate (AMIC+PBC) in chondral defects at the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTP1). MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a prospective consecutive non-controlled clinical follow-up study, all patients with chondral lesion at MTP1 that were treated with AMIC+PBC from July 17, 2016 to May 31, 2017 were included. Size and location of the chondral lesions, the Visual-Analogue-Scale Foot and Ankle (VAS FA) and the EFAS Score before treatment and at 5FU were analysed and compared with previous 2-year-follow-up (2FU). Peripheral Blood Concentrate (PBC) was used to impregnate a collagen I/III matrix (Chondro-Gide, Wolhusen, Switzerland) that was fixed into the chondral lesion with fibrin glue. RESULTS: One hundred and ninety-eight patients with 238 chondral defects were included. In 21 % of patients no deformities in the forefoot were registered. The average degree of osteoarthritis was 2.2. The chondral defect size was 1.0 cm2 on average. The most common location was metatarsal dorsal (33 %), and in most patients one defect was registered (74 %). Corrective osteotomy of the first metatarsal was performed in 79 %. 176 (89 %)/164 (83 %) patients completed 2FU/5FU. VAS FA/EFAS Score were preoperatively 46.8/11.9 and improved to 74.1/17.1 at 2FU and 75.0/17.3 at 5FU on average. No parameter significantly differed between 2FU and 5FU. CONCLUSIONS: AMIC+PBC as treatment for chondral defects at MTP1 as part of joint preserving surgery led to improved and high validated outcome scores at 2FU and 5FU. The results between 2FU and 5FU did not differ.

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BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to assess 5-year-follow-up (5FU) after Autologous Matrix Induced Chondrogenesis plus Peripheral Blood Concentrate (AMIC+PBC) in chondral lesions at the ankle as part of a complex surgical approach. METHODS: In a prospective consecutive non-controlled clinical follow-up study, all patients with chondral lesion at the ankle treated with AMIC+PBC from July 17, 2016 to May 31, 2017 were included. Size and location of the chondral lesions, the Visual-Analogue-Scale Foot and Ankle (VAS FA) and the EFAS Score before treatment and at 5FU were analysed and compared with previous 2-year-follow-up (2FU). Peripheral Blood Concentrate (PBC) was used to impregnate a collagen I/III matrix (Chondro-Gide, Wolhusen, Switzerland) that was fixed into the chondral lesion with fibrin glue. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-nine patients with 136 chondral lesions were included in the study. The chondral lesions were located as follows (n (%)), medial talar shoulder only, 62 (46); lateral talar shoulder only, 42 (31); medial and lateral talar shoulder, 7 (10); tibia, 18 (13). The average for lesion size was 1.8 cm2, for VAS FA 45.7 and for EFAS Score 9.8. 2FU/5FU was completed in 105 (81 %)/104(81 %) patients with 112/111 previous chondral lesions. VAS FA improved to 79.8/84.2 and EFAS Score to 20.3/21.5 (2FU/5FU). No parameter significantly differed 2FU and 5FU. CONCLUSIONS: AMIC+PBC as part of a complex surgical approach led to improved and high validated outcome scores at 2FU/5FU. 2FU and 5FU did not differ.

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Introduction: Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is formed by an autologous blood concentrate, with properties that promote cell proliferation and regenerationof bone, gingival and epithelial tissue. Objective: To compare four different procedures for processing as well as obtaining PRF, and analyzing their formation through laboratory techniques. The purpose of the study is to validate a method that produces higher quality PRF for oral surgery use in different branches of dentistry. Material and method: The experiment consisted of collecting blood from 12 volunteers, and processing each patient's sample in 4 different ways. In the following two-stage process analysis, the first, quantitative, step was to analyze the samples' platelet-poor plasma (PPP),with a Neubauer Hemocytometer to count blood components. In the second, qualitative step, the sample's PRF were analyzed under microscopy using histological slides. Result: The statistical analysis of the leukocyte, red blood cell and platelet count did not show any significant distinction when comparing different processes. Histological analysis of the PRF showed fibrin network with platelet aggregation, several leukocytes and presence of red blood cells, with double centrifuged samples presenting more white blood cells than the others. Conclusion: Among the analyzed procedures, the sample centrifuged once at 3000 RPM (1900 G) for 10 min showed the best quality PRF.

Introdução: A fibrina rica em plaquetas (FRP) é formada por um concentrado sanguíneo autólogo, com propriedades de promover a proliferação celular, regeneração de tecido, dentre eles tecido ósseo, gengival e epitelial. Objetivo: Comparar quatro tipos diferentes de processamento e obtenção de FRP, analisando a sua formação através de técnicas laboratoriais. A finalidade do estudo é validar um método que obtenha maior qualidade para o uso em cirurgias nas diversas áreas da odontologia. Material e método: O experimento foi constituído de uma coleta de sangue de 12 voluntários, onde a amostra de cada paciente foi processada de 4 formas. A análise dos processamentos se deu em duas etapas, onde na primeira, quantitativa, foi analisado o plasma pobre em plaquetas (PPP), através de contagem de constituintes sanguíneos em câmara de Neubauer. Na segunda etapa, qualitativa, foram analisadas as FRP em microscopia através de lâminas histológicas. Resultado: A análise estatística da contagem de leucócitos, hemácias e plaquetas não mostraram diferença significativa entre os distintos processamentos. As análises histológicas do FRP mostraram redes de fibrina com agregação plaquetária, inúmeros leucócitos e presença de hemácias, sendo que as amostras de dupla centrifugação apresentaram mais leucócitos que nas demais. Conclusão: Dos procedimentos analisados, a amostra centrifugada a 1 única vez a 3000 RPM (1900 G) por 10 min mostrou-se a melhor qualidade de FRP.

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OBJECTIVE: Chondral restoration in chondral defects of the 1st metatarsophalangeal joint (MTP1) using autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis plus peripheral blood concentrate (AMIC+PBC). INDICATIONS: Chondral defects MTP1. CONTRAINDICATIONS: Acute infection. SURGICAL TECHNIQUE: Thigh tourniquet. Medial approach. Tenolysis of all tendons, arthrolysis, synovectomy. Bursectomy in case of bursitis. Resection osteophytes, optional cheilectomy. Debridement of chondral defects until surrounding cartilage stable. Microfracturing with 1.6 mm K­wire. 15 cc peripheral venous blood harvested with double lumina syringe. Centrifugation (10 min, 1500 RPM). Aspiration of supernatant including the entire fluid layer directly above the erythrocyte layer (peripheral blood concentrate [PBC]). Chondro-Gide matrix was cut to size and impregnated in PBC 3 min (impregnation). Fixation of the matrix into the chondral defect with fibrin glue (AMIC+PBC). Joint motion to ensure stable fixation. Insertion drainage and wound infiltration catheter. Layer wise closure. POSTOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT: Full weightbearing in a dressing shoe. Joint motion exercise starting at the day of surgery. RESULTS: The aim of the study was to compare matrix-associated stem cell transplantation (MAST) with AMIC+PBC. Patients who were treated with MAST from October 1, 2011 to July 15, 2016 (n = 623) or with AMIC+PBC from July 17, 2016 to March 19, 2018 (n = 230) were included. In all, 480 (89%)/176 (89%) patients (MAST/AMIC+PBC) completed 2­year follow-up. The average degree of osteoarthritis was 2.1/2.2. The chondral defect size was 0.9/1.0 cm2 on average. Visual Analogue Scale Foot and Ankle (VAS FA) and European Foot and Ankle Society score (EFAS score) improved to 72.4/74.1//16.8/17.1 (MAST//AMIC+PBC) at follow-up, respectively. No parameter significantly differed between the MAST and AMIC+PBC cohorts.

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BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to compare Matrix-Associated Stem Cell Transplantation (MAST) with Autologous Matrix Induced Chondrogenesis plus Peripheral Blood Concentrate (AMIC+PBC) in chondral lesions at the ankle. METHODS: In a matched-patient clinical follow-up study, patients with chondral lesion at the ankle that were treated with MAST from April 1, 2009 to July 15, 2016, and patients that were treated with AMIC+PBC from July 17, 2016 to May 31, 2017 were included and compared. Size and location of the chondral lesions and the Visual-Analogue-Scale Foot and Ankle (VAS FA) before treatment and at follow-up were analysed. Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate (BMAC) was used for MAST and Peripheral Blood Concentrate (PBC) for AMIC+PBC to impregnate a collagen I/III matrix (Chondro-Gide, Wollhusen, Switzerland) that was fixed into the chondral lesion with fibrin glue. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-nine patients with 136 chondral lesions were included in both groups. The chondral lesions were located as follows (MAST/AMIC+PBC, n (%)), medial talar shoulder only, 59 (43)/62 (46); lateral talar shoulder only, 44 (32)/42 (31); medial and lateral talar shoulder, 7 (10)/7 (10); tibia, 19 (14)/18 (13). The lesion size was 1.6/1.8cm2 on average and VAS FA was 46.9/45.7 (MAST/AMIC+PBC). For MAST/AMIC+PBC groups, 107 (83%)/105 (81%) with 112/110 previous chondral lesions completed the defined 2-year-follow-up after 24.4/23.8 months on average. VAS FA improved to 82.3/79.8 (MAST/AMIC+PBC). No parameter significantly differed between MAST and AMIC+PBC groups. CONCLUSIONS: MAST and AMIC+PBC as part of a complex surgical approach led to improved and high validated outcome scores in 2-year-follow-up. MAST and AMIC+PBC showed similar results.

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