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INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: Percutaneous liver biopsy with histopathologic analysis is a valuable tool for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment evaluation of liver diseases. Its ultrasound-guided performance is useful, making the procedure safer and reducing the risk for complications and hospital stay. Our aim was to describe the indications, histopathologic study, and complications associated with the performance of ultrasound-guided percutaneous liver biopsy in pediatric patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 102 ultrasound-guided percutaneous liver biopsies performed on patients <16 years of age, within the time frame of January 2014 and December 2019. The information was obtained from electronic files and histopathologic studies and the data were analyzed through descriptive statistics. RESULTS: A total of 102 procedures were carried out on 99 patients. Mean patient age was 72 months and 58.8% of the patients were female. Over 65% of the indications for liver biopsy included autoimmune hepatitis (23.5%), elevated liver enzymes (21.5%), and chronic liver disease (20.5%). Four patients presented with immediate complications (3.9%), three of which were major (2.9%), concurring with that reported in the international literature. CONCLUSIONS: Our study corroborates the importance of ultrasound-guided liver biopsy in the diagnosis and follow-up of pediatric patients. The procedure also had a low complication rate of only 3.9%.
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Hepatopatías , Ultrasonografía Intervencional , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Biopsia Guiada por Imagen/efectos adversos , Biopsia Guiada por Imagen/métodos , Hepatopatías/diagnóstico por imagen , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Centros de Atención Terciaria , Ultrasonografía Intervencional/métodosRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: Percutaneous liver biopsy with histopathologic analysis is a valuable tool for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment evaluation of liver diseases. Its ultrasound-guided performance is useful, making the procedure safer and reducing the risk for complications and hospital stay. Our aim was to describe the indications, histopathologic study, and complications associated with the performance of ultrasound-guided percutaneous liver biopsy in pediatric patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 102 ultrasound-guided percutaneous liver biopsies performed on patients <16 years of age, within the time frame of January 2014 and December 2019. The information was obtained from electronic files and histopathologic studies and the data were analyzed through descriptive statistics. RESULTS: A total of 102 procedures were carried out on 99 patients. Mean patient age was 72 months and 58.8% of the patients were female. Over 65% of the indications for liver biopsy included autoimmune hepatitis (23.5%), elevated liver enzymes (21.5%), and chronic liver disease (20.5%). Four patients presented with immediate complications (3.9%), three of which were major (2.9%), concurring with that reported in the international literature. CONCLUSIONS: Our study corroborates the importance of ultrasound-guided liver biopsy in the diagnosis and follow-up of pediatric patients. The procedure also had a low complication rate of only 3.9%.
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BACKGROUND: Liver biopsy is the main diagnostic tool for the study of the liver, and as such, its inherent complications have been minimised as much as possible over the years, through the modification of several factors regarding its procedure, including post-biopsy recovery time. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety in the reduction of post-liver biopsy recovery time. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A non-blinded, randomised clinical trial was conducted in the "Hermanos Ameijeiras" Hospital from November 2011 to October 2012, on 128 patients in order to assess safety when reducing post-biopsy recovery times. The patients were randomised into 2 groups. Group A was allowed a 6-hour recovery time, while Group B was allowed a 2-hour recovery time after liver biopsy. Complications were fully recorded. The Chi squared test of homogeneity and Student t test was used as appropriate, in the statistical analysis, a significance level of 0.05 was set. RESULTS: The main biopsy indication was elevated plasma transaminases. Pain in the puncture site was the most recurrent complication (67.2%), and the most serious complication was subcapsular liver haematoma in two cases (1.6%). There were no differences regarding the liver biopsy technique that could have caused complications in any group. CONCLUSIONS: There were no significant differences between 2 hours and 6 hours post-liver biopsy recovery time in terms of complications, so it is considered that after two hours the patient is incorporated more quickly into their activities, and the institution spends less material and human resources.
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Biopsia/efectos adversos , Laparoscopía/efectos adversos , Descanso , Adolescente , Adulto , Anestesia Local , Biopsia/métodos , Biopsia con Aguja/efectos adversos , Biopsia con Aguja/métodos , Femenino , Hematoma/etiología , Hematoma/prevención & control , Humanos , Laparoscopía/métodos , Hígado/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Dolor/etiología , Dolor/prevención & control , Factores de Tiempo , Ultrasonografía Intervencional , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Introducción: La biopsia hepática permite conocer el tipo y extensión de las alteraciones histopatológicas, para ofrecer un diagnóstico especí co en relación con la clínica y hallazgos paraclínicos correspondientes. Material y métodos: Se revisaron retrospectivamente los diagnósticos de las biopsias hepáticas, realizadas durante el periodo del 1 de enero de 1994 hasta el 31 de diciembre del 2014, en los libros de registro del departamento de patología del Hospital del Niño Doctor José Renán Esquivel y se describe la frecuencia de utilización de la técnica abierta versus la técnica percutánea y las patologías encontradas. Resultados: Se realizaron en total 486 biopsias de hígado, de las cuales 88.4% correspondían a biopsias percutáneas, y el 11.6% abiertas. Los diagnósticos más frecuentes encontrados fueron hepatitis neonatal 15%, atresia de vías biliares 12.7%, y cirrosis hepática 8.4%, el resto de los pacientes presentaron distintas patologías. Conclusiones: Este procedimiento ha sido útil en nuestro medio para el diagnóstico y seguimiento de las hepatopatías más frecuentes de la población pediátrica.
Introduction: Liver biopsy can determine the type and extent of histopathological changes, to o er a speci c diagnosis in relation to relevant clinical and paraclinical ndings. Material and methods: We retrospectively reviewed the diagnoses of liver biopsies performed during the period January 1, 1994 until December 31, 2014, in the record books biopsy pathology department at Children's Hospital Doctor Jose Renan Esquivel and frequency of use of open biopsy versus percutaneous and pathologies encountered are described. Results: 486 were conducted in total liver biopsies, of which 88.4% were percutaneous biopsies, and 11.6% open. The most frequent diagnoses found 15% were neonatal hepatitis, biliary atresia 12.7% and 8.4% hepatic cirrhosis; the remaining patients had various diseases. Conclusions: This procedure has been useful in our environment for the diagnosis and monitoring of the most common liver disease in the pediatric population
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Continuamos con la revisión de los tumores hepáticos. Nos referiremos a los tumores hepáticos primarios malignos más frecuentes. Tal como lo mencionamos anteriormente, los tumores malignos hepatobiliares son un espectro de tumores invasivos que reciben su nombre dependiendo de su célula de origen. De acuerdo con la Agencia Internacional para el Estudio del Cáncer (IARC), los tumores hepáticos malignos constituyen la segunda causa de muerte en el mundo, con aproximadamente 745 000 muertes/año (1). Al igual que en el artículo anterior, el objetivo es identificar aquellos aspectos más relevantes de estas neoplasias, en especial los hallazgos morfológicos que generan mayor problema diagnóstico en la utilidad de los estudios de inmunohistoquímica y sus diagnósticos diferenciales. La primera parte de esta revisión se centrará en el hepatocarcinoma, el más frecuente de los tumores hepáticos epiteliales malignos, algunas de sus variantes y sus lesiones precursoras. También en el controvertido papel de la biopsia hepática para su diagnóstico.
We continue with our review of liver tumors in which we will refer to the most common primary malignant liver tumors. As mentioned previously, hepatobiliary malignancies are a spectrum of invasive tumors whose names depend on their origins. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), malignant liver tumors are the second leading cause of death worldwide with approximately 745,000 deaths/year. (1) As in the previous article, the aim here will be to identify the most relevant aspects of these neoplasms. In particular we will look at morphological findings that generate major diagnostic problems and at the usefulness of immunohistochemical studies and their differential diagnoses. Hepatic carcinoma, the most frequent malignant epithelial tumor of the liver is the focus of the first part of this review. We will look at some of its variants and its precursor lesions, and at the controversial role of liver biopsies for diagnosis.
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Humanos , Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Inmunohistoquímica , Neoplasias HepáticasRESUMEN
La biopsia hepática sigue siendo importante en el diagnóstico de enfermedades del hígado, apareciendo las complicaciones del procedimiento dentro de las primeras horas, siendo necesario 4-6 horas de observación para su realización. Objetivos: Presentar nuestra casuística y protocolo de 23 casos de biopsia hepática percutánea en régimen ambulatorio. Materiales y Métodos: Revisión de fichas clínicas de pacientes a los que se les realizó el procedimiento. Se analizaron variables demográficas, exámenes de laboratorio, razón de indicación de biopsia y complicaciones mayores y menores durante fase hospitalaria y ambulatoria. Resultados: La edad promedio fue de 53,2 años. 69,56 por ciento eran mujeres y 30,4 por ciento hombres. El menor recuento plaquetario fue de 105.000 x mm3. No se observaron complicaciones mayores, y las menores ocurrieron en 91 por ciento en el período de observación y el 61 por ciento de ellas en las primeras dos horas. Conclusiones: Para la realización de biopsia hepática en pacientes ambulatorios, un período de observación hospitalaria de 5 horas parece ser suficiente, dado que en éste se pesquisan la mayoría de las complicaciones de una población bien seleccionada, permitiendo plantear la realización de este procedimiento en forma ambulatoria en nuestro país.
Hepatic biopsy is important in the diagnosis of hepatic diseases. The potential complications may appear in the first hours after the procedure, therefore it is necessary to consider a period of 4-6 hours of observation. Objectives: To present our protocol and 23 cases of percutaneous liver biopsies in ambulatory regime. Materials and Methods: Review of case histories (case report forms) of the patients that were subjected to the procedure. Demographic variables, laboratory tests, reasons for biopsy, and major and minor complications during hospitalization and ambulatory phase. Results: Average age was 53.2 years; of these, 69.56 percent were women and 30.4 percent men. The lowest plaquetary count was 105.000 x mm3. No major complications were observed, and some of them occurred in a 91 percent during the observation period, and 61 percent during the first two hours. Conclusions: A period of clinical observation of 5 hours seems enough for a biopsy in ambulatory patients. It is during this period when the majority of complications are observed in a well-selected population. This supports the idea of performing this procedure in an ambulatory or outpatient basis on our country.