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El creciente aumento de daños visuales como, ha llevado a científicos y especialistas a realizar ensayos clínicos con pacientes vulnerables, usando alimentos con nutrientes específicos que aportan al cuidado de las estructuras del globo ocular, pues la nutrición de este órgano se obtiene directamente de la sangre. Objetivo. Analizar los ensayos clínicos con vigencia de 9 años sobre antioxidantes, betacarotenos y otras vitaminas para la prevención de enfermedades oculares. Metodología. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica bajo con un análisis de 40 artículos, tesis y libros sobres la relación entre la nutrición y el cuidado primario de las estructuras oculares, esto se realizó en tres momentos, búsqueda, clasificación y sistematización de las fuentes. Conclusión. Se confirmó que del 50% de los pacientes que ingirieron placebo no mejoraban su condición anatomo fisiológica en relación aquellos pacientes que sí ingirieron nutrientes y vitaminas específicas, los mismos, mejoraron en un 30% el nivel de agudeza visual. La promoción y prevención como cuidado primario en salud visual es importante y se demuestran los altos porcentajes de buena salud visual en aquellos pacientes que durante su vida tuvieron hábitos alimenticios correctos y nutrición equilibrada, además de ser menormente propensos a adquirir problemas degenerativos visuales, aun teniendo antecedentes hereditarios.

The increasing increase in visual damage has led scientists and specialists to conduct clinical trials with vulnerable patients, using foods with specific nutrients that contribute to the care of the structures of the eyeball, since the nutrition of this organ is obtained directly from the blood. Objective. To analyze 9 years of clinical trials on antioxidants, beta-carotene and other vitamins for the prevention of ocular diseases. Methodology. A bibliographic review was carried out with an analysis of 40 articles, theses and books on the relationship between nutrition and primary care of the ocular structures, this was done in three moments, search, classification and systematization of the sources. Conclusion. It was confirmed that 50% of the patients who ingested placebo did not improve their anatomo-physiological condition in relation to those patients who ingested specific nutrients and vitamins, they improved their visual acuity level by 30%. The promotion and prevention as primary care in visual health is important and the high percentages of good visual health are demonstrated in those patients who during their life had correct eating habits and balanced nutrition, besides being less prone to acquire visual degenerative problems, even if they have hereditary antecedents.

O crescente aumento dos danos visuais tem levado cientistas e especialistas a realizarem ensaios clínicos com pacientes vulneráveis, utilizando alimentos com nutrientes específicos que contribuem para o cuidado das estruturas do globo ocular, uma vez que a nutrição desse órgão é obtida diretamente do sangue. Objetivo. Analisar 9 anos de ensaios clínicos sobre antioxidantes, betacaroteno e outras vitaminas para a prevenção de doenças oculares. Metodologia. Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica com análise de 40 artigos, teses e livros sobre a relação entre nutrição e cuidados primários das estruturas oculares, em três etapas: busca, classificação e sistematização das fontes. Conclusões. Confirmou-se que 50% dos pacientes que ingeriram placebo não melhoraram sua condição anátomo-fisiológica em relação aos pacientes que ingeriram nutrientes e vitaminas específicas, os mesmos pacientes melhoraram seu nível de acuidade visual em 30%. A promoção e a prevenção como cuidados primários na saúde visual são importantes e as altas porcentagens de boa saúde visual são demonstradas naqueles pacientes que, durante sua vida, tiveram hábitos alimentares corretos e nutrição balanceada, além de serem menos propensos a adquirir problemas degenerativos visuais, mesmo que tenham antecedentes hereditários.

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Resumen Introducción. Haematococcus pluvialis es una microalga que produce astaxantina, un beta-caroteno y antioxidante muy usado en la industria. Para obtener una mayor producción de astaxantina se planteó como objetivo utilizar diferentes factores de estrés, en un biorreactor a escala de laboratorio de 5 litros. Metodología. Se cultivó la microalga en el medio RM, pH 6,8, temperatura 20±2°C, aire filtrado, iluminación con lámparas blancas 20h luz/4h oscuridad, irradianza 70 μE m-2s-1, diferentes concentraciones de acetato de sodio y cloruro de sodio. Se determinó crecimiento celular, cambios morfológicos y cuantificación de astaxantina y clorofila por espectrofotometría. Se realizó un análisis estadístico utilizando ANOVA (95%). Resultados. Utilizando 0,299 mg/L de acetato de sodio se obtuvo un crecimiento celular de 2,0 x 104 Cel/mL y una concentración de astaxantina de 2,530 μg/mL, mientras que con 1,6 mg/L de acetato de sodio el crecimiento celular fue de 3,5 x 104 Cel/mL y una concentración de astaxantina de 1,9 μg/ml. El tratamiento al cual se le adicionó 1,6 g/L de acetato de sodio y 6,4 g/L de cloruro de sodio presentó la mayor producción astaxantina 7,3 μg/ml. El tratamiento con acetato de sodio 0,320 g/L + cloruro de sodio 1,28 g/L presentó el mayor crecimiento celular con 1,64x105 células/ml. Conclusión. Esta investigación destaca la importancia de cultivar inicialmente la microalga utilizando el biorreactor Tecferm de 5 litros y después de su fase exponencial someterla a factores de estrés con acetato de sodio y cloruro de sodio lográndose así la mayor producción de astaxantina 7,325 μg/ml.

Abstract Introduction. Haematococcuspluvialis is a microalgae that produces astaxanthin, a beta-carotene and antioxidant widely used in industry. In order to obtain a higher production of astaxanthin, the objective was to use different stress factors, in a 5-liter laboratory-scale bioreactor. Methodology. The microalgae was cultivated in the RM medium, pH 6.8, temperature 20 ± 2°C, filtered air, illumination with white lamps 20h light/4h darkness, irradiance 70 μE m-2s-1, different concentrations of sodium acetate and chloride of sodium. Cell growth, morphological changes and quantification of astaxanthin and chlorophyll were determined by spectrophotometry. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA (95%). Results. Using 0.299 mg/L of sodium acetate a cell growth of 2.0 x 104 Cel/mL and an astaxanthin concentration of 2.530 μg/mL were obtained, while with 1.6 mg/L of sodium acetate the cell growth It was 3.5 x 104 Cel/mL and an astaxanthin concentration of 1.9 μg/mL. The treatment to which 1.6 g L of sodium acetate and 6.4 g/L of sodium chloride were added showed the highest astaxanthin production, 7.3 μg/ml. Treatment with 0.320 g/L sodium acetate + 1.28 g/L sodium chloride showed the highest cell growth with 1.64x105 cells/ml. Conclusion. This research highlights the importance of initially cultivating the microalgae using the 5-liter Tecferm bioreactor and, after its exponential phase, subjecting it to stress factors with sodium acetate and sodium chloride, thus achieving the highest production of 7.325 μg/ml astaxanthin.

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Acrocomia aculeata fruits are rich in monounsaturated fatty acid, ß-carotene, tocopherol, and other antioxidant compounds. The aim of our study was to investigate and compare the protective effects of A. aculeata pulp oil and microencapsulated pulp oil on brain oxidative damage induced by chronic restraint stress (CRS) in rats (cortex, hippocampus, and striatum). Thirty-six Wistar rats were divided into six treatment groups: C, P, and M groups received 1 µL/g of body weight of distilled water, pulp oil, and pulp oil microcapsules by daily gavage, respectively. The SC, SP, and SM groups received 1 µL/g of body weight of distilled water, pulp oil, and pulp oil microcapsules by daily gavage, respectively, and were then subjected to uninterrupted 6 h of CRS. After 21 days of testing, the rats were euthanized and the brain tissue of the groups was removed for evaluation for oxidative damage markers and antioxidant enzymes. Endpoints of oxidative stress (OS) markers (lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, and reduced glutathione [GSH]) and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase) were evaluated. By imposing chronic stress on rats, pulp oil and microcapsules of pulp oil induced positive antioxidant responses, mainly by increasing the GSH content, increasing the ability of neural tissues to deal with inherent OS, thus protecting against neurodegenerative diseases. The administration of A. aculeata pulp oil and microencapsulated pulp oil made the reversal of the oxidant parameters, which may protect the brain tissue of rats altered by CRS. The Clinical Trial Registration number: n° 1.008/2018 CEUA/UFMS.

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The possible out-of-season effect of beta-carotene supplementation on ovulation rate (OR), antral follicles (AFN), and total ovarian activity (TOA = OR + AFN) as related to the LH release pattern in yearling anestrous goats was evaluated. In late April, Alpine-Saanen-Nubian x Criollo goats (n = 22, 26 N) were randomly allotted to: (1) Beta-carotene (BETA; n = 10, orally supplemented with 50 mg/goat/d; 36.4 ± 1.07 kg live weight (LW), 3.5 ± 0.20 units, body condition score (BCS) or (2) Non-supplemented (CONT; n = 12, 35.2 ± 1.07 kg LW, 3.4 ± 0.2 units BCS). Upon estrus synchronization, an intensive blood sampling (6 h × 15 min) was accomplished in May for LH quantifications; response variables included (pulsatility-PULSE, time to first pulse-TTFP, amplitude-AMPL, nadir-NAD and area under the curve-AUC). Thereafter, an ultrasonography scanning was completed to assess OR and AFN. The Munro algorithm was used to quantify LH pulsatility; if significant effects of time, treatment or interaction were identified, data were compared across time. Neither LW nor BCS (p > 0.05) or even the LH (p > 0.05); PULSE (4.1 ± 0.9 pulses/6 h), NAD (0.47 ± 0.13 ng) and AUC (51.7 ± 18.6 units) differed between treatments. Nonetheless, OR (1.57 vs. 0.87 ± 0.18 units) and TOA (3.44 vs. 1.87 ± 0.45 units) escorted by a reduced TTFP (33 vs. 126 ± 31.9 min) and an increased AMPL (0.55 vs. 0.24 ± 0.9 ng), favored to the BETA supplemented group (p < 0.05), possibly through a GnRH-LH enhanced pathway and(or) a direct effect at ovarian level. Results are relevant to speed-up the out-of-season reproductive outcomes in goats while may embrace translational applications.

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Objectives: A systematic review was conducted to evaluate effectiveness and safety of beta carotenes for the treatment of oral leukoplakia regarding clinical resolution and prevention of malignant transformation. Material and Methods: The systematic search was conducted in three electronic databases and the study's selection was performed according to pre-set eligibility criteria. Four studies evaluating the efficacy of beta carotenes in oral leukoplakia compared to placebo were included in the review; three of which were assigned for quantitative analysis. Data were extracted, tabulated, quality assessed and statistically analyzed. Results: The meta-analysis revealed that when comparing clinical resolution the beta carotene group favored was favored compared to placebo, with statistically significant difference. However, a meta-analysis comparing beta carotene and placebo groups regarding malignant transformation as a primary outcome failed to show any significant benefit. Furthermore, results showed evidence of beta carotene safety. Conclusion: the overall quality of evidence about efficacy of beta carotene in oral leukoplakia treatment was not high. However, given the obvious safety of this agent, data suggests it could have a promising effect in clinical improvement of oral leukoplakia lesions. However, no evidence supporting its benefits in reducing risk of malignant transformation in these lesions was found. Therefore, further long term, well designed randomized clinical trials are highly recommended.

Objetivos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática para evaluar la efectividad y la seguridad de los betacarotenos para el tratamiento de la leucoplasia oral en relación con la resolución clínica y la prevención de la transformación maligna. Material y Métodos: la búsqueda sistemática se realizó en tres bases de datos electrónicas y la selección del estudio se realizó de acuerdo con los criterios de elegibilidad preestablecidos. En la revisión se incluyeron cuatro estudios que evaluaban la eficacia de los betacarotenos en la leucoplasia oral en comparación con el placebo; tres de los cuales fueron asignados para el análisis cuantitativo. Los datos fueron extraídos, tabulados, su calidad evaluada y analizados estadísticamente. Resultados: El metanálisis reveló que al comparar la resolución clínica, el grupo de betacaroteno fue favorecido en comparación con el placebo, con una diferencia estadísticamente significativa. Sin embargo, un metaanálisis que comparó los grupos de betacaroteno y placebo con respecto a la transformación maligna como resultado primario no mostró ningún beneficio significativo. Además, los resultados mostraron evidencia de seguridad de betacaroteno. Conclusión: La calidad general de la evidencia sobre la eficacia del betacaroteno en el tratamiento de la leucoplasia oral no es alta. Sin embargo, dada la obvia seguridad de este agente, los datos sugieren que podría tener un efecto prometedor en la mejora clínica de las lesiones de leucoplasia oral. Sin embargo, no se encontraron pruebas que respalden sus beneficios en la reducción del riesgo de transformación maligna en estas lesiones. Por lo tanto, se recomiendan ensayos clínicos aleatorios bien diseñados a largo plazo.

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La carotenemia es, en general, benigna y suele ser causada por la ingesta excesiva de alimentos ricos en betacaroteno. Su presentación clínica puede ocurrir a cualquier edad, pero es frecuente en los niños. En este artículo, describimos un caso raro de carotenemia con afectación nasal aislada con el objetivo de recordar la presencia de carotenemia en el diagnóstico diferencial de ictericia. A menudo, la carotenemia se reconoce fácilmente y la manejan los médicos de familia y los pediatras, que podrían participar potencialmente en el tratamiento de estos casos. También es importante conocer y reconocer la carotenemia para informar a las familias y evitar la realización de pruebas innecesarias.

Carotenemia is generally benign and usually caused by excessive intake of beta-carotene rich food. This clinical presentation can occur in any age group but frequently occurs in children. We report a rare case of carotenemia with an isolated involvement of the nose and presented in order to remind carotenemia in the differential diagnosis of jaundice. Carotenemia is often easily recognized and dealt with by family medicine and pediatricians who may potentially get involved in the management of these cases. It is also important to know and recognize carotenemia in terms of informing families and preventing unnecessary tests.

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Carotenemia is generally benign and usually caused by excessive intake of beta-carotene rich food. This clinical presentation can occur in any age group but frequently occurs in children. We report a rare case of carotenemia with an isolated involvement of the nose and presented in order to remind carotenemia in the differential diagnosis of jaundice. Carotenemia is often easily recognized and dealt with by family medicine and pediatricians who may potentially get involved in the management of these cases. It is also important to know and recognize carotenemia in terms of informing families and preventing unnecessary tests.

La carotenemia es, en general, benigna y suele ser causada por la ingesta excesiva de alimentos ricos en betacaroteno. Su presentación clínica puede ocurrir a cualquier edad, pero es frecuente en los niños. En este artículo, describimos un caso raro de carotenemia con afectación nasal aislada con el objetivo de recordar la presencia de carotenemia en el diagnóstico diferencial de ictericia. A menudo, la carotenemia se reconoce fácilmente y la manejan los médicos de familia y los pediatras, que podrían participar potencialmente en el tratamiento de estos casos. También es importante conocer y reconocer la carotenemia para informar a las familias y evitar la realización de pruebas innecesarias.

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Hydrophobic bioactives can be more easily incorporated into food and have their bioavailability enhanced if nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) are used as carriers. In the present study, beta-carotene-loaded NLC were produced by low emulsification using murumuru butter and a mixture of Span 80 and Cremophor RH40 as surfactants. Their average diameter was 35 nm and alpha-tocopherol was required to protect the encapsulated ß-carotene. Besides the evaluation of their physicochemical stability, NLC were submitted to dynamic in vitro digestion and cell viability assays with Caco-2 and HEPG cells. The bioaccessibility of beta-carotene in the dynamic system was about 42%. Regarding cell viability, results indicated NLC were toxic to the cell cultures tested. Such high toxicity is probably related to the type of surfactant used and to the extremely reduced particle size, which may have led to an intense and fast permeation of the NLC through the cells.

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Aflatoxin contamination of maize grain and products causes serious health problems for consumers worldwide, and especially in low- and middle-income countries where monitoring and safety standards are inconsistently implemented. Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) also compromises the health of millions of maize consumers in several regions of the world including large parts of sub-Saharan Africa. We investigated whether provitamin A (proVA) enriched maize can simultaneously contribute to alleviate both of these health concerns. We studied aflatoxin accumulation in grain of 120 maize hybrids formed by crossing 3 Aspergillus flavus resistant and three susceptible lines with 20 orange maize lines with low to high carotenoids concentrations. The hybrids were grown in replicated, artificially-inoculated field trials at five environments. Grain of hybrids with larger concentrations of beta-carotene (BC), beta-cryptoxanthin (BCX) and total proVA had significantly less aflatoxin contamination than hybrids with lower carotenoids concentrations. Aflatoxin contamination had negative genetic correlation with BCX (-0.28, p < 0.01), BC (-0.18, p < 0.05), and proVA (-0.23, p < 0.05). The relative ease of breeding for increased proVA carotenoid concentrations as compared to breeding for aflatoxin resistance in maize suggests using the former as a component of strategies to combat aflatoxin contamination problems for maize. Our findings indicate that proVA enriched maize can be particularly beneficial where the health burdens of exposure to aflatoxin and prevalence of VAD converge with high rates of maize consumption.

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High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) processing is a non-thermal technology reported to increase desirable metabolites in plant foods. This work evaluated changes in carotenoid accumulation in fresh-cut papaya fruit as affected by HHP treatment (50-400 MPa for 3-60 min) and during subsequent storage at 4 °C; simultaneously, transcriptional activities of carotenoid biosynthetic genes and oxidative stress markers were evaluated. LC-MS analyses revealed that HHP treatment increased carotenoid precursors and carotenes contents following processing and storage: lycopene levels increased up to 11-fold compared to the non-treated samples, and H2O2 and lipid peroxidation were concomitantly increased. qRT-PCR of intact RNA showed that the amount of phytoene desaturase transcripts increased after HHP treatment, and that they were correlated with carotene accumulation. This is the first study to show that HHP treatment triggers de novo carotenoid biosynthesis, which is regulated at the transcriptional level, possibly by inducing oxidative stress signaling in fruit tissue.

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Passiflora setacea is a Brazilian savannah fruit known as a good source of phytochemicals. The phytochemical composition is influenced by environmental factors and management techniques such as training system. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of training system (espalier or trellis) and environmental factors (temperature, precipitation and sunlight exposure) on antioxidant capacity and bioactive composition of P. setacea pulp. Total phenolic compounds (TP), proantocyanidins (PA), total flavonoids (TF), vitamin C and total antioxidant activity were analyzed. Five flavonoids (orientin, isoorientin, vitexin, isovitexin and hesperetin) were determined by HPLC-DAD, using calibration curves. Training system presented no effects on TP, PA, TF and antioxidant activity, whereas rainy season year 2 increased FRAP values, TF, orientin, isovitexin and hesperetin content, which could be associate to climate stressful condition leading to higher levels of these compounds.

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Phytogenic feed additives have been increasingly used in the last decade, and several plants and their metabolites have been investigated for the said purpose. In this context, present study aimed at evaluating the effects of Moringa oleifera as feed additive on layer performance, and egg bioactive compound levels and nutrient profile. HyLine W36 layers (n=200), 50 weeks of age, were randomly distributed in four treatments with five replicates of ten birds each. Four isocaloric (2725 kcal/kg) and isonitrogenous (CP 16%) diets were formulated and supplemented with 0, 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5% (w/w) of dried Moringa oleifera leaf powder (MLM). The results showed positive effects of MLM on egg production, egg mass, and feed conversion ratio, but negative effects on egg quality (p≤0.05). The contents of bioactive compounds, like β-carotene, quercetin, and selenium, in the diet and in the egg yolk were significantly (p≤0.05) higher in the group fed1.5% MLM, with values of 8.90, 48.88, and 0.54 mg/kg feed and 4906, 241 and 56.82 µg/100g yolk, respectively. Creatinine and glucose serum levels and cholesterol levels (serum and eggs) linearly increased as a function of increasing MLM dietary levels (p≤0.05). Antibody titers against Newcastle Disease significantly improved (p≤0.05) in the group fed the diet supplemented with 1.5% MLM. It was concluded that Moringa oleifera used as phytogenic feed additive enriches eggs with bioactive and functional compounds, and improves the production performance and the health status of layers.

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Phytogenic feed additives have been increasingly used in the last decade, and several plants and their metabolites have been investigated for the said purpose. In this context, present study aimed at evaluating the effects of Moringa oleifera as feed additive on layer performance, and egg bioactive compound levels and nutrient profile. HyLine W36 layers (n=200), 50 weeks of age, were randomly distributed in four treatments with five replicates of ten birds each. Four isocaloric (2725 kcal/kg) and isonitrogenous (CP 16%) diets were formulated and supplemented with 0, 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5% (w/w) of dried Moringa oleifera leaf powder (MLM). The results showed positive effects of MLM on egg production, egg mass, and feed conversion ratio, but negative effects on egg quality (p≤0.05). The contents of bioactive compounds, like β-carotene, quercetin, and selenium, in the diet and in the egg yolk were significantly (p≤0.05) higher in the group fed1.5% MLM, with values of 8.90, 48.88, and 0.54 mg/kg feed and 4906, 241 and 56.82 µg/100g yolk, respectively. Creatinine and glucose serum levels and cholesterol levels (serum and eggs) linearly increased as a function of increasing MLM dietary levels (p≤0.05). Antibody titers against Newcastle Disease significantly improved (p≤0.05) in the group fed the diet supplemented with 1.5% MLM. It was concluded that Moringa oleifera used as phytogenic feed additive enriches eggs with bioactive and functional compounds, and improves the production performance and the health status of layers.(AU)

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Fiber microparticles (MPCs) separately obtained from peel and pulp of Japanese plum residues contained co-extracted ß-carotene, lutein, and α- and γ-tocopherols, as well as polyphenols (cyanidins, quercetin derivatives, pentameric proanthocyanidins). Peel and pulp MPCs were then separately evaluated as natural antioxidant additives (2.0% w/w level) in raw breast chicken patty, susceptible to oxidation. Their effect on technological properties was also analyzed. MPCs reduced in 50% the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in raw patties during 10-days storage at 4.0°C. Ferric reducing power (FRAP) was 77-157% higher in MPCs-added patties, especially with peel MPCs, being then attributed to the antioxidants supplied by these MPCs. It can be also associated to the highest α- and γ-tocopherol levels found in the peel MPCs-added patties, which remained high after cooking as well. Also, higher pectin and low lignin contents of pulp MPCs determined greater hydration, stabilized the cyanidins and, hence, the red color transferred to raw patties, and increased springiness of cooked patties. Plum peel and pulp MPCs are efficient additives for chicken meat products.

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Cassava is the food base for millions of people in tropical Africa, Latin America and Asia. However, cassava commercial varieties are deficient in vitamin A and the consumption of biofortified cassava, which has a higher concentration of Beta-carotene in the roots, represents an alternative to prevent this deficiency. Dehydrated products are an integral part of many consumers diet, which have preferred healthier and lower calorie foods. This study aimed to develop a dehydrated product of cassava (dehydrated chips) from biofortified varieties. The dehydrated chips were elaborated from the following biofortified cassava genotypes: BRS Dourada, BRS Gema de Ovo, BRS Jari and hybrid 2003 14-11. For obtaining the dehydrated chips, cassava roots were washed, sanitized, peeled, sliced to a thickness of 0.8 mm, blanched and dehydrated at 65 C. First, dehydrated chips were prepared with no added flavoring, from roots of four cassava genotypes harvested at 12 months after planting, in order to select the two most suitable for dehydrated chips production based on sensory acceptance. In the second stage, dehydrated chips were produced with the addition of onion and parsley flavoring, from the two genotypes selected in the previous step. The BRS Jari variety and hybrid 2003 14-11 showed highest total carotenoid content, 10.54 ?g g g-1 and 6.92 ?g g g-1, respectively, and  Beta-carotene, 8.

A mandioca é a base alimentar para milhões de pessoas das regiões tropicais da África, América Latina e Ásia. Contudo as variedades comerciais de mandioca são deficientes em vitamina A e o consumo de mandioca biofortificada, que apresenta maior concentração de β-caroteno nas raízes, representa uma alternativa para prevenir essa deficiência. Os produtos desidratados são uma parte integrante da dieta de muitos consumidores, os quais têm preferido alimentos mais saudáveis e de menor valor calórico. O objetivo desse estudo foi desenvolver um produto desidratado de mandioca (chips desidratados) a partir de variedades biofortificadas. Os chips desidratados foram elaborados a partir de raízes dos seguintes genótipos de mandioca biofortificados: BRS Dourada, BRS Gema de Ovo, BRS Jari e o híbrido 2003 14-11. Para a obtenção dos chips desidratados, as raízes de mandioca foram lavadas, sanitizadas, descascadas, fatiadas com 0,8 mm de espessura, branqueadas e desidratadas a 65 °C. Na primeira etapa, os chips desidratados foram elaborados sem adição de aromatizante, a partir de raízes de quatro genótipos de mandioca, colhidos aos 12 meses após o plantio, a fim de selecionar os dois melhores para a produção dos chips desidratados com base na aceitação sensorial. Na segunda etapa, foram elaborados chips desidratados com adição de aromatizante sabor cebola e salsa, a partir dos dois genótipos selecionados na etapa anterior. A variedade BRS Jari e o híbrido 2003 14-11 apresentaram os maiores teores de carotenoides totais, 10,54 μg g-1 e 6,92 μg g-1, respectivamente, e de β-caroteno, 8,93 μg g-1 e 4,98 μg de g-1, respectivamente. Para a retenção dos carotenoides totais e do β-caroteno não houve diferença significativa entre os chips desidratados elaborados com os quatro genótipos de mandioca biofortificados, que apresentaram valores médios de 76% e 67%, respectivamente.

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Cassava is the food base for millions of people in tropical Africa, Latin America and Asia. However, cassava commercial varieties are deficient in vitamin A and the consumption of biofortified cassava, which has a higher concentration of Beta-carotene in the roots, represents an alternative to prevent this deficiency. Dehydrated products are an integral part of many consumers diet, which have preferred healthier and lower calorie foods. This study aimed to develop a dehydrated product of cassava (dehydrated chips) from biofortified varieties. The dehydrated chips were elaborated from the following biofortified cassava genotypes: BRS Dourada, BRS Gema de Ovo, BRS Jari and hybrid 2003 14-11. For obtaining the dehydrated chips, cassava roots were washed, sanitized, peeled, sliced to a thickness of 0.8 mm, blanched and dehydrated at 65 C. First, dehydrated chips were prepared with no added flavoring, from roots of four cassava genotypes harvested at 12 months after planting, in order to select the two most suitable for dehydrated chips production based on sensory acceptance. In the second stage, dehydrated chips were produced with the addition of onion and parsley flavoring, from the two genotypes selected in the previous step. The BRS Jari variety and hybrid 2003 14-11 showed highest total carotenoid content, 10.54 ?g g g-1 and 6.92 ?g g g-1, respectively, and  Beta-carotene, 8.(AU)

A mandioca é a base alimentar para milhões de pessoas das regiões tropicais da África, América Latina e Ásia. Contudo as variedades comerciais de mandioca são deficientes em vitamina A e o consumo de mandioca biofortificada, que apresenta maior concentração de β-caroteno nas raízes, representa uma alternativa para prevenir essa deficiência. Os produtos desidratados são uma parte integrante da dieta de muitos consumidores, os quais têm preferido alimentos mais saudáveis e de menor valor calórico. O objetivo desse estudo foi desenvolver um produto desidratado de mandioca (chips desidratados) a partir de variedades biofortificadas. Os chips desidratados foram elaborados a partir de raízes dos seguintes genótipos de mandioca biofortificados: BRS Dourada, BRS Gema de Ovo, BRS Jari e o híbrido 2003 14-11. Para a obtenção dos chips desidratados, as raízes de mandioca foram lavadas, sanitizadas, descascadas, fatiadas com 0,8 mm de espessura, branqueadas e desidratadas a 65 °C. Na primeira etapa, os chips desidratados foram elaborados sem adição de aromatizante, a partir de raízes de quatro genótipos de mandioca, colhidos aos 12 meses após o plantio, a fim de selecionar os dois melhores para a produção dos chips desidratados com base na aceitação sensorial. Na segunda etapa, foram elaborados chips desidratados com adição de aromatizante sabor cebola e salsa, a partir dos dois genótipos selecionados na etapa anterior. A variedade BRS Jari e o híbrido 2003 14-11 apresentaram os maiores teores de carotenoides totais, 10,54 μg g-1 e 6,92 μg g-1, respectivamente, e de β-caroteno, 8,93 μg g-1 e 4,98 μg de g-1, respectivamente. Para a retenção dos carotenoides totais e do β-caroteno não houve diferença significativa entre os chips desidratados elaborados com os quatro genótipos de mandioca biofortificados, que apresentaram valores médios de 76% e 67%, respectivamente.(AU)

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RESUMEN

Pequi is a fruit from Brazilian Cerrado. Despite its ascorbic acid and carotenoid contents, consumption of pequi is restricted to its region of origin. The goal of this work was to study drying of pequi slices (convective or vacuum drying at 40°C and 60°C) preceded or not preceded by osmotic pretreatment (sucrose solution concentrations of 40% and 60%). It was found that osmotic dehydration pretreatment substantially decreased the moisture content, duration of the drying process, and the volumetric ratio of the dried product. However, it also promoted leaching of bioactive constituents, such as ascorbic acid and carotenoids. Vacuum and low temperature drying without osmotic pretreatment were preferable because the ascorbic acid and carotenoids were retained, rehydration coefficients were higher and there were minimal volume and color changes.

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The objectives of this research were to study the encapsulation of beta-carotene (BC) in solid lipid microparticles (SLM) of palm stearin (PS) and stabilized with hydrolyzed soy protein isolate (HSPI), and also to investigate the effect of alpha-tocopherol (TOC) addition to the systems. Through the characterizations of SLM produced with different formulations, it was verified that systems with 5% (w/v) PS, 1.0% (w/v) HSPI, and 0.3% (w/v) xanthan gum (XG) presented the highest stability, with average diameters of approximately 1.2 µm. This formulation was applied for the production of BC-loaded SLM, with different concentrations of TOC. In SLM containing TOC, nearly 75% of encapsulated BC was preserved after 45 d of storage. The kinetic profiles for degradation of encapsulated BC were fitted to a pseudo-1st-order model, and the results showed that the main difference among the systems with different BC:TOC ratios was the residual concentration of BC. The stability of the BC-loaded SLMs was also studied after stress conditions, and the results showed that the SLMs were able to support thermal treatments over 60 °C but presented low stability after different ionic strength stresses.

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Objetivo do trabalho foi desenvolver pão de forma adicionado de polpa de batata-doce, cultivar Beauregard, e avaliar sensorialmente o produto, verificando a sua aceitação entre os consumidores. Foram desenvolvidas três formulações com substituição da farinha de trigo pela batata-doce cozida nas porcentagens de 20%, 40% e 60% e comparadas com o padrão, sem substituição. A avaliação sensorial foi feita por 32 provadores, não treinados, utilizando-se escala hedônica para os atributos de sabor, cor, textura, aroma e aceitação global. Os pães de forma elaborados com a batata-doce não apresentaram diferença estatística na análise sensorial para os atributos avaliados. Os pães obtiveram notas relevantes, com boa aceitação entre os consumidores. Em relação ao sabor, as melhores notas foram dadas para a amostra com 20% de substituição de farinha de trigo por batata-doce, comparada com a amostra, sem substituição de farinha de trigo. O aroma dos pães foi destaque também nas amostras com maior porcentagem de substituição, 60% e 40%. Para os demais atributos não houve diferença significativa em relação à amostra padrão, com 100% de farinha de trigo, o que permitiu concluir que a adição de batata-doce com polpa laranja na formulação de pão de forma pode ser considerada uma opção saudável de consumo de alimento biofortificado para combater a "fome oculta", que é a carência dos micronutrientes vitamina A, ferro e zinco, essenciais para a saúde.

The objective was to develop a loaf of bread with sweet potato pulp, Beauregard, evaluate the product by sensory analysis and verify their acceptance among consumers. Three formulations were developed to replace the wheat flour for sweet potatoes baked in percentages of 20%, 40% and 60%, compared with the standard, without replacement. The sensory evaluation was performed by 32 panelists, untrained, using hedonic scale for the attributes of flavor, color, texture, aroma and global acceptance. The loaf of breads elaborate with sweet potato showed no statistical difference in sensory analysis for the evaluated attributes. The breads obtained relevant notes, with good acceptance among consumers. Regarding the taste, the best grades were given for the sample with 20% wheat flour substitute for sweet potatoes, compared with the sample without wheat flour replacement. The aroma of bread was also featured in the samples with the highest percentage of replacement, 60% and 40%. For other attributes there was no significant difference from the standard sample, 100% wheat flour, which showed that the addition of sweet potatoes with orange pulp in the form of bread formulation can be considered a healthy option consumption biofortified of food to fight "hidden hunger", which is the lack of micronutrients vitamin A, iron and zinc, essential for health.

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RESUMEN

O Objetivo do trabalho foi desenvolver pão de forma adicionado de polpa de batata-doce, cultivar Beauregard, e avaliar sensorialmente o produto, verificando a sua aceitação entre os consumidores. Foram desenvolvidas três formulações com substituição da farinha de trigo pela batata-doce cozida nas porcentagens de 20%, 40% e 60% e comparadas com o padrão, sem substituição. A avaliação sensorial foi feita por 32 provadores, não treinados, utilizando-se escala hedônica para os atributos de sabor, cor, textura, aroma e aceitação global. Os pães de forma elaborados com a batata-doce não apresentaram diferença estatística na análise sensorial para os atributos avaliados. Os pães obtiveram notas relevantes, com boa aceitação entre os consumidores. Em relação ao sabor, as melhores notas foram dadas para a amostra com 20% de substituição de farinha de trigo por batata-doce, comparada com a amostra, sem substituição de farinha de trigo. O aroma dos pães foi destaque também nas amostras com maior porcentagem de substituição, 60% e 40%. Para os demais atributos não houve diferença significativa em relação à amostra padrão, com 100% de farinha de trigo, o que permitiu concluir que a adição de batata-doce com polpa laranja na formulação de pão de forma pode ser considerada uma opção saudável de consumo de alimento biofortificado para combater a "fome oculta", que é a carência dos micronutrientes vitamina A, ferro e zinco, essenciais para a saúde.(AU)

The objective was to develop a loaf of bread with sweet potato pulp, Beauregard, evaluate the product by sensory analysis and verify their acceptance among consumers. Three formulations were developed to replace the wheat flour for sweet potatoes baked in percentages of 20%, 40% and 60%, compared with the standard, without replacement. The sensory evaluation was performed by 32 panelists, untrained, using hedonic scale for the attributes of flavor, color, texture, aroma and global acceptance. The loaf of breads elaborate with sweet potato showed no statistical difference in sensory analysis for the evaluated attributes. The breads obtained relevant notes, with good acceptance among consumers. Regarding the taste, the best grades were given for the sample with 20% wheat flour substitute for sweet potatoes, compared with the sample without wheat flour replacement. The aroma of bread was also featured in the samples with the highest percentage of replacement, 60% and 40%. For other attributes there was no significant difference from the standard sample, 100% wheat flour, which showed that the addition of sweet potatoes with orange pulp in the form of bread formulation can be considered a healthy option consumption biofortified of food to fight "hidden hunger", which is the lack of micronutrients vitamin A, iron and zinc. essential for health.(AU)

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