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1.
Sci Total Environ ; : 176362, 2024 Sep 19.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39306142

RESUMEN

Benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers (BUVSs) are widely used as industrial additives to protect products from photoaging and are present in a variety of environmental matrices and organisms. It raised significant concerns that BUVSs are emerging pollutants with persistence, bioaccumulation and toxicity, of which 2-(3, 5-di-tert-amyl-2-hydroxyphenyl) benzotriazole (UV-328) has been recently listed in Annex A of the Stockholm Convention Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) list. A comprehensive understanding of the occurrence, partitioning and transformation of BUVSs in the environment is the basis for their environmental exposure and risk studies. However, the occurrence, partitioning and transformation of BUVSs are scarcely reviewed. In this paper, the environmental occurrence of BUVSs in various matrices, including water-suspended particulate matter and sediment, soil and dust, sludge, as well as biota, were summarized. Solid matrices and organisms are predominant reservoirs for BUVSs rather than waters, but there is a lack of systematical summary on the sorption/partitioning studies of BUVSs in abiotic phases and organisms. This paper analyzed and reviewed the possible sorption/partitioning processes and mechanisms. It was found that the partitioning is dependent on the hydrophobicity of BUVSs, environmental conditions and the organic carbon contents, and the bioaccumulation is also biota-species dependent. To further assess the potential risks of BUVSs, more progress has been made in the study of transformation of BUVSs. Focusing on the most important transformation processes in the environment, involving photodegradation, chemical degradation, biodegradation and metabolism in biota, the probable transformation pathways and mechanisms of BUVSs were summarized. It was emphasized that the hydrophobicity and toxicity of metabolites should not be overlooked. Finally, the future research direction was prospected from contaminant remediation and health risk perspectives. This paper provides fundamental knowledge of the environmental behavior of BUVSs, and will facilitate the research of environmental exposure and risk assessment of BUVSs.

2.
Environ Sci Technol ; 2024 Sep 18.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39292546

RESUMEN

Benzotriazole ultraviolet absorbers (BUVs), as emerging contaminants of extensive use, especially in plastic sports fields, have aroused increasing concern due to their potential human and environmental impacts. However, BUV exposure from plastic sports field dust is still unknown. This study compared BUVs in plastic sports field dust and indoor dust for the first time. The order of the geometric mean concentrations of the total BUVs (ΣBUVs) in plastic sports field dust was indoor badminton courts (11023 ng g-1) > basketball courts (4777 ng g-1) > plastic tracks (3779 ng g-1) > synthetic turf (1920 ng g-1) > tennis courts (689 ng g-1). The geometric mean concentrations of ΣBUVs in indoor dust (1150 ng g-1) were lower than those in most plastic sports field dust. The dominant BUV was 2-hydroxy-4-(octyloxy)benzophenone (UV-531) in plastic sports field dust, while 2,2'-methylenebis[4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-6-2H-benzotriazole-2-yl)phenol] (UV-360) was the dominant BUV in indoor dust. Releases from plastic track materials, sneaker soles, and friction between them might be important BUV sources in plastic track dust. The average estimated daily intakes of ΣBUVs from plastic sports field dust for general exercisers were lower than those from indoor dust, but those for exercisers with long time or professional athletes might be higher, potentially posing health risks.

3.
Indian J Microbiol ; 64(3): 1339-1346, 2024 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39282187

RESUMEN

Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) due to non-responding viruses, fungi, bacteria and parasites leads to discovery of new antimicrobial medicines which can control the risk of disease spread, severe illness, disability and death. Heterocyclic chemistry has always been a continuous supplier of novel antimicrobial agents which are in great demand in pharma sector. Therefore, compounds such as 1-(Chloromethyl)-1H-Benzotriazole, 1; 1-((1-H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-yl)methyl)phenyl hydrazine, 2; 1-((1-H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-yl)methyl)hydrazine, 3; and N-(benzo[e][1,2,4]triazin-4(3-H)-ylmethylbenzenamine, 4 were designed, and synthesized through conventional and microwave-assisted methods. All of these novel benzotriazoles were explored through in-vitro antimicrobial studies and in silico studies. Antimicrobial activity was carried out against bacterial strains Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and fungal strains Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans at concentrations 5, 10 and 15 mg/ml. In silico studies was carried out with 4CAW: Aspergillus fumigatus N-myristoyl transferase in complex with myristoyl CoA and a pyrazole sulphonamide ligand. Our antimicrobial and molecular docking studies revealed that all of the derivatives showed promising activity, moreover molecular docking gave significant values of ligand posed energy and docking run elapsed time which further endorsed the astonishing characteristic of benzotriazole derivatives esp. N-(benzo[e]a[1,2,4] triazin-4(3-H)-ylmethylbenzenamine for biological and therapeutic leads.

4.
Water Res ; 266: 122372, 2024 Sep 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39241383

RESUMEN

Benzothiazoles (BTHs), benzotriazoles (BTRs), and benzotriazole ultraviolet absorbers (BUVs) have garnered significant attention owing to their persistent nature in the environment and adverse impacts on aquatic organisms. However, there remains a dearth of investigations and studies conducted in tropical marine environments. In this study, we undertook the inaugural distributional survey and ecotoxicological relevance of BTHs, BTRs, and BUVs in seawater and sediments of the western South China Sea (WSCS). Elevated concentrations of BTHs, BTRs, and BUVs in the seawater and suspended particulate matter (SPM) were primarily observed in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) and the western region of the WSCS, attributed to terrestrial runoff and hydrodynamic processes. Moreover, the transport of these compounds at the seawater-SPM interface was influenced by both the intrinsic properties of the contaminants and temperature variations. Spatially, concentrations of BTHs, BTRs, and BUVs in surface sediments exhibited a diminishing trend with increasing distance from the coast to offshore areas, reflecting notable anthropogenic impacts. Concentration profiles of these compounds in sediment cores displayed a bottom-up increasing trend, with total organic carbon (TOC) identified as the primary determinant governing their accumulation within sediment cores in the WSCS. Terrestrial runoff inputs and atmospheric deposition as major contributors to the occurrence of BTHs, BTRs, and BUVs in the WSCS. Simultaneously, the study underscores the non-negligible moderate mixture risk quotient associated with BTHs, BTRs, and BUVs in the sediments.

5.
Molecules ; 29(15)2024 Jul 31.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39125030

RESUMEN

Organic solar cells (OSCs) are considered a very promising technology to convert solar energy to electricity and a feasible option for the energy market because of the advantages of light weight, flexibility, and roll-to-roll manufacturing. They are mainly characterized by a bulk heterojunction structure where a polymer donor is blended with an electron acceptor. Their performance is highly affected by the design of donor-acceptor conjugated polymers and the choice of suitable acceptor. In particular, benzotriazole, a typical electron-deficient penta-heterocycle, has been combined with various donors to provide wide bandgap donor polymers, which have received a great deal of attention with the development of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) because of their suitable matching to provide devices with relevant power conversion efficiency (PCE). Moreover, different benzotriazole-based polymers are gaining more and more interest because they are considered promising acceptors in OSCs. Since the development of a suitable method to choose generally a donor/acceptor material is a challenging issue, this review is meant to be useful especially for organic chemical scientists to understand all the progress achieved with benzotriazole-based polymers used as donors with NFAs and as acceptors with different donors in OSCs, in particular referring to the PCE.

6.
Mar Pollut Bull ; 206: 116753, 2024 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39089205

RESUMEN

Benzotriazole-type ultraviolet stabilizers (BUVSs) are emerging contaminants whose exposure to wildlife is of concern. In this study, we investigated the contamination status of BUVSs in green turtles (Chelonia mydas) breeding at Ogasawara Islands, Japan, through chemical analysis of 10 BUVSs and 26 congeners of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in adipose tissue (n = 21) and blood plasma (n = 9). BUVSs were detected significant levels in adipose tissue (19 of 21 turtles), and UV-327 (not detected - 14.8 ng/g-lipid, detection frequency: 76 %), UV-326 (not detected - 24.1 ng/g-lipid, 29 %), and UV-328 (not detected - 5.8 ng/g-lipid, 24 %) were frequently detected. Turtles exhibiting sporadically high concentrations of BUVSs (>10 ng/g-lipid) did not necessarily correspond to individuals with high total PCB concentrations (1.03-70.2 ng/g-lipid). The sporadic occurrence pattern of BUVSs suggested that these contaminants in sea turtles cannot be explained solely by diet but are likely derived from plastic debris.


Asunto(s)
Monitoreo del Ambiente , Bifenilos Policlorados , Triazoles , Tortugas , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Animales , Océano Pacífico , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis , Triazoles/análisis , Bifenilos Policlorados/análisis , Japón , Cruzamiento , Protectores Solares , Tejido Adiposo
7.
Environ Res ; 260: 119730, 2024 Nov 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39117058

RESUMEN

Benzotriazoles are a class of ultraviolet absorbents which absorb UV ranging from 280 to 400 nm and are widely used in personal care products and industrial production. Their residues in environmental matrices have received great concern in recent years, but most studies have focused on pollution in water and few have examined BUVs in marine sediments. In this study, we investigated the occurrence, potential sources, and ecological risk of 15 types of BUVs in the sediments of Bohai Sea in China for the first time. The total concentrations of the 15 BUVs ranged from 0.139 to 4.125 ng/g dw with a median concentration of 0.340 ng/g. UV-327 and UV-360 were predominant among the BUV congeners, accounting for 22.6% and 17.7% of the total concentration of Σ15BUVs, respectively. The detection frequencies of the BUV congeners generally exceeded 95%, reflecting the wide use and persistence of these chemicals. The concentrations of the BUV congeners in this study were one order of magnitude lower than those in other areas. Moreover, the distributions of BUVs presented a decreasing gradient from nearshore to offshore, indicating that coastal input was the main influencing factor. Two potential primary sources, plastic manufacturing and domestic wastewater, were identified via principle component analysis. The ecological risks of BUVs to aquatic organisms in the sediments were evaluated using the risk quotient (RQ) method. Generally, the risk to aquatic organisms from exposure to BUVs in Bohai Sea could be considered low at the measured concentrations. While our study provides important new insight into the ecological risks of BUVs in the estuary, further research on the pollution levels and toxicity risks of BUVs in Bohai Sea should be conducted to better understand the ecological effect of these pollutants.


Asunto(s)
Monitoreo del Ambiente , Sedimentos Geológicos , Triazoles , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Sedimentos Geológicos/química , Sedimentos Geológicos/análisis , China , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis , Triazoles/análisis , Triazoles/toxicidad , Medición de Riesgo , Océanos y Mares
8.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl ; : e202410554, 2024 Jul 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38989571

RESUMEN

Amide bioisoterism is a widely used strategy in drug development to fine-tune physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, and metabolic properties, eliminate toxicity and gain intellectual property rights in uncharted chemical space. Of these, oxetane-amines offer particularly exciting possibilities as bioisosteres, although they are less frequently investigated than warranted due to the lack of simple and widely applicable synthetic methods. Herein, we report a two-step, practical, modular, robust, and scalable method for the construction of oxetane-containing amide bioisosteres that relies on the readily available oxetan-3-one. This operationally simple procedure exploits the enhanced reactivity of the keto group of the commercially available oxetan-3-one to form amine-benzotriazole intermediates, which springloaded adducts are then reacted with various aliphatic and aromatic organometallic reagents under mild conditions to afford various amino-oxetanes in good to high yields. The simplicity and broad applicability of the method greatly facilitates the synthesis of derivatives that were previously difficult or impossible to produce. The usefulness of this method in the field medicinal chemistry was also demonstrated by eliminating the well-known metabolic problem of ketoconazole.

9.
Environ Res ; 260: 119556, 2024 Nov 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38969313

RESUMEN

Health exposure to benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers (BUVSs) may pose diverse toxic impacts on health. Presently, the occurrence of BUVSs in human urine remains inadequately understood. This study analyzed 13 kinds of BUVSs in human urine (n = 182) from the general Chinese adult participants. Totally, nine BUVSs were measurable in these human urine samples. Among the detected BUVSs, 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-p-cresol (UV-P) was the most predominant BUVS in the human urine, with the mean concentration of 1.6 µg/g creatinine (

Asunto(s)
Triazoles , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Triazoles/orina , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Anciano , Rayos Ultravioleta , China , Contaminantes Ambientales/orina , Monitoreo Biológico/métodos
10.
Environ Toxicol Chem ; 43(9): 2026-2038, 2024 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38923588

RESUMEN

Benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers (BUVSs) are a group of widely used chemicals added to a variety of consumer (e.g., plastics) and industrial (e.g., metal coating) goods. Although detected globally as an environmentally persistent pollutant, BUVSs have received relatively little toxicological attention and only recently have been acknowledged to affect development and the endocrine system in vivo. In our previous study, altered behavior, indicative of potential neurotoxicity, was observed among rainbow trout alevins (day 14 posthatching) that were microinjected as embryos with a single environmentally relevant dose of 2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-(5-chloro-2H-benzotriazol-2-yl) phenol (UV-327). In the present follow-up study, we performed whole-transcriptome profiling (RNA sequencing) of newly hatched alevins from the same batch. The primary aim was to identify biomarkers related to behavior and neurology. Dose-specifically, 1 to 176 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. In the group presenting altered behavior (273.4 ng g-1), 176 DEGs were identified, yet only a fraction was related to neurological functions, including water, calcium, and potassium homeostasis; acetylcholine transmission and signaling; as well insulin and energy metabolism. The second objective was to estimate the transcriptomic point of departure (tPOD) and assess if point estimate(s) are protective of altered behavior. A tPOD was established at 35 to 94 ng UV-327 g-1 egg, making this tPOD protective of behavioral alterations. Holistically, these transcriptomic alterations provide a foundation for future research on how BUVSs can influence rainbow trout alevin development, while providing support to the hypothesis that UV-327 can influence neurogenesis and subsequent behavioral endpoints. The exact structural and functional changes caused by embryonic exposure to UV-327 remain enigmatic and will require extensive investigation before being deciphered and understood toxicologically. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:2026-2038. © 2024 The Author(s). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.


Asunto(s)
Oncorhynchus mykiss , Transcriptoma , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Animales , Oncorhynchus mykiss/genética , Transcriptoma/efectos de los fármacos , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/toxicidad , Triazoles/toxicidad , Fenoles/toxicidad
11.
Sci Total Environ ; 946: 174264, 2024 Oct 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38936716

RESUMEN

Benzotriazole ultraviolet absorbents (BUAs) of emerging concern were recently monitored in seawater and sediments from the Bohai Sea (BS) and North Yellow Sea (NYS), which are impacted by human activities, to elucidate their regional occurrence patterns, phase distributions, and contamination profiles. Although environmental variables such as sedimentary organic carbon, particle size, and salinity, as well as hydrological conditions, affected the environmental occurrence of BUAs in the BS and NYS, the source dependence of BUA distributions associated with urban impacts and riverine inputs was highlighted. Substantial spatial variability in the composition patterns and contamination profiles of BUAs identified through correlation and principal component analyses were likely caused by region-specific sources and characteristics. The distribution of target BUAs between the sediment and seawater phases showed no dependence on the octanol-water partition coefficient (KOW) but exhibited marked spatial variations. The diversity of BUA sorption behaviors was further explained by the total organic carbon (TOC)-normalized distribution coefficient (KTOC). Classic logKTOC-logKOW linear relationships accurately predicted the phase distributions of UV-326, UV-328, and UV-234, but deviations were found for lighter and heavier BUAs, possibly due to the influences of physical disturbance and microparticle binding.

12.
Water Res ; 257: 121709, 2024 Jun 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38728781

RESUMEN

The comprehensive understanding of the occurrence of benzotriazole UV stabilizers (BZT-UVs) in environmental surface water is imperative due to their widespread application and potential aquatic toxicity. We conducted an analysis of 13 traditional BZT-UVs in surface water samples collected from Taihu Lake (TL, n = 23) and Qiantang River (QR, n = 22) in China. The results revealed that 5­chloro-2-(3,5-di-tertbutyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)-benzotriazole (UV-327) was consistently the predominant BZT-UV in water samples from TL (mean 16 ng/L; detection frequency 96 %) and QR (14 ng/L; 91 %). Furthermore, we developed a characteristic fragment ion-based strategy to screen and identify unknown BZT-UVs in collected surface water, utilizing a high-resolution mass spectrometer. A total of seven novel BZT-UVs were discovered in water samples, and their chemical structures were proposed. Four of these novel BZT-UVs were further confirmed with standards provided by industrial manufacturers. Semi-quantitative analysis revealed that among discovered novel BZT-UVs, 2-(2­hydroxy-3­tert­butyl­5-methylphenyl)-benzotriazole was consistently the predominant novel BZT-UV in TL (mean 4.1 ng/L, detection frequency 70 %) and QR (2.8 ng/L, 77 %) water. In TL water, the second predominant novel BZT-UV was 2-(3-allyl-2­hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole (mean 3.9 ng/L,

Asunto(s)
Triazoles , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Triazoles/química , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/química , China , Lagos/química , Rayos Ultravioleta , Ríos/química , Monitoreo del Ambiente
13.
Chempluschem ; : e202400267, 2024 May 26.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38797708

RESUMEN

In the dynamic landscape of renewable energy technologies, organic solar cells (OSCs) have emerged as frontrunners, offering a sustainable and promising alternative for harnessing solar energy. This review article delves into the recent strides made in leveraging the potential of the benzotriazole nucleus within the context of organic solar cells. The unique electronic properties of benzotriazole, coupled with its structural adaptability, position it as a key component in the pursuit of enhancing OSC performance. As researchers delve deeper into the intricacies of this compound, a clearer understanding of its impact on light absorption, charge transport, and overall device stability emerges. The exploration of recent literature in the last three years reveals a rich landscape with innovation and discovery, showcasing the diverse approaches taken to incorporate benzotriazole into different OSC architectures. From fundamental studies elucidating its electronic interactions to applied research refining its integration strategies, the potential of benzotriazole in advancing the capabilities of organic solar cells becomes increasingly evident, and showing that, with the most important advances in the last three years, is the main goal of this article.

14.
Environ Sci Technol ; 58(12): 5500-5511, 2024 Mar 26.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38483320

RESUMEN

Stormwater rapidly moves trace organic contaminants (TrOCs) from the built environment to the aquatic environment. Bioretention cells reduce loadings of some TrOCs, but they struggle with hydrophilic compounds. Herein, we assessed the potential to enhance TrOC removal via changes in bioretention system design by simulating the fate of seven high-priority stormwater TrOCs (e.g., PFOA, 6PPD-quinone, PAHs) with log KOC values between -1.5 and 6.74 in a bioretention cell. We evaluated eight design and management interventions for three illustrative use cases representing a highway, a residential area, and an airport. We suggest two metrics of performance: mass advected to the sewer network, which poses an acute risk to aquatic ecosystems, and total mass advected from the system, which poses a longer-term risk for persistent compounds. The optimized designs for each use case reduced effluent loadings of all but the most polar compound (PFOA) to <5% of influent mass. Our results suggest that having the largest possible system area allowed bioretention systems to provide benefits during larger events, which improved performance for all compounds. To improve performance for the most hydrophilic TrOCs, an amendment like biochar was necessary; field-scale research is needed to confirm this result. Our results showed that changing the design of bioretention systems can allow them to effectively capture TrOCs with a wide range of physicochemical properties, protecting human health and aquatic species from chemical impacts.


Asunto(s)
Ecosistema , Compuestos Orgánicos , Humanos , Lluvia
15.
J Mol Model ; 30(4): 104, 2024 Mar 14.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38483705

RESUMEN

CONTEXT: The nitro group was introduced into the nitrogen heterocycle of 1H-benzotriazole to design a total of 31 derivatives. To estimate the thermal stability of these derivatives, the heat of formation (HOF) is calculated based on the isodesmic reaction. The bond dissociation energy (BDE) was also predicted based on the homolytic reaction to further evaluate the dynamic stability. To evaluate the possibility of utilizing as high energy density compounds (HEDCs), the detonation parameters including the detonation pressure (P), detonation velocity (D), and explosive heat (Q) are predicted by taking advantage of the Kamlet-Jacobs empirical equation. To measure the sensitivity to impact, both the characteristic height (H50) and free space in crystal (∆V) are considered in this paper. Based on our calculations, D-series and E are found to be the candidates for HEDCs. METHODS: The Gaussian 09 software package was used in this paper. The B3PW91 hybrid function with the 6-311 + G(d,p) basis set was chosen to perform the structural optimization, frequency analysis, heat of formation, and bond dissociation energy. The detonation parameters were calculated following the Kamlet-Jacobs equation.

16.
J Agric Food Chem ; 72(13): 6900-6912, 2024 Apr 03.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38513076

RESUMEN

As a notorious phytopathogenic virus, the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) severely reduced the quality of crops worldwide and caused critical constraints on agricultural production. The development of novel virucides is a persuasive strategy to address this predicament. Herein, a series of novel bisamide-decorated benzotriazole derivatives were elaborately prepared and screened. Biological tests implied that the optimized compound 7d possessed the most brilliant antiviral inactive profile (EC50 = 157.6 µg/mL) and apparently surpassed that of commercial ribavirin (EC50 = 442.1 µg/mL) 2.8-fold. The preliminary antiviral mechanism was elaborately investigated via transmission electron microscopy, microscale thermophoresis (MST) determination, RT-qPCR, and Western blot analysis. The results showed that compound 7d blocked the assembly of TMV by binding with coat protein (Kd = 0.7 µM) and suppressed TMV coat protein gene expression and biosynthesis process. Computational simulations indicated that 7d displayed strong H-bonds and pi interactions with TMV coat protein, affording a lower binding energy (ΔGbind = -17.8 kcal/mol) compared with Ribavirin (ΔGbind = -10.7 kcal/mol). Overall, current results present a valuable perception of bisamide decorated benzotriazole derivatives with appreciably virustatic competence and should be profoundly developed as virucidal candidates in agrochemical.


Asunto(s)
Ribavirina , Virus del Mosaico del Tabaco , Triazoles , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Ribavirina/farmacología , Antivirales/farmacología , Antivirales/química , Diseño de Fármacos
17.
Int Arch Occup Environ Health ; 97(5): 523-536, 2024 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38546760

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Benzotriazoles and benzothiazoles (BTs) are high-production volume chemicals as well as widely distributed emerging pollutants with potential health risk. However, information about human exposure to BTs and associated health outcomes is limited. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to characterise exposure to BTs among Czech men, including possible occupational exposure among firefighters, its predictors, and its associations with liver function, serum lipids and oxidative stress. METHODS: 165 participants (including 110 firefighters) provided urine and blood samples that were used to quantify the urinary levels of 8 BTs (high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry), and 4 liver enzymes, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine. Linear regression was used to assess associations with population characteristics and biomarkers of liver function, serum lipids and oxidative stress. Regression models were adjusted for potential confounding variables and false discovery rate procedure was applied to account for multiplicity. RESULTS: The BTs ranged from undetected up to 46.8 ng/mL. 2-hydroxy-benzothiazole was the most predominant compound (detection frequency 83%; median 1.95 ng/mL). 1-methyl-benzotriazole (1M-BTR) was measured in human samples for the first time, with a detection frequency 77% and median 1.75 ng/mL. Professional firefighters had lower urinary 1M-BTR compared to non-firefighters. Urinary 1M-BTR was associated with levels of γ-glutamyl transferase (ß = - 17.54%; 95% CI: - 26.127, - 7.962). CONCLUSION: This is the first study to investigate BT exposure in Central Europe, including potentially exposed firefighters. The findings showed a high prevalence of BTs in the study population, the relevance of 1M-BTR as a new biomarker of exposure, and an urgent need for further research into associated adverse health outcomes.


Asunto(s)
Benzotiazoles , Biomarcadores , Exposición Profesional , Estrés Oxidativo , Triazoles , Humanos , Masculino , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Exposición Profesional/análisis , Biomarcadores/sangre , Biomarcadores/orina , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , República Checa , Bomberos , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Lípidos/sangre , 8-Hidroxi-2'-Desoxicoguanosina/orina , 8-Hidroxi-2'-Desoxicoguanosina/sangre , Colesterol/sangre , Desoxiguanosina/análogos & derivados , Desoxiguanosina/orina , Desoxiguanosina/sangre
18.
Environ Res ; 251(Pt 2): 118750, 2024 Jun 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38522739

RESUMEN

Benzothiazole (BTH), benzotriazole (BTR), and their respective derivatives (BTHs and BTRs) are emerging environmental pollutants with widespread human exposure and oncogenic potential. Studies have demonstrated adverse effects of exposure to certain BTHs and BTRs on the respiratory system. However, no study has examined the associations between exposure to BTHs and BTRs and lung cancer risk. We aimed to examine the associations between urinary concentrations of BTHs and BTRs and the risk of lung cancer in the general population from Quzhou, China. We conducted a nested case-control study in an ongoing prospective Quzhou Environmental Exposure and Human Health (QEEHH) cohort, involving 20, 694 participants who provided urine samples during April 2019-July 2020. With monthly follow-up until November 2022, 212 lung cancer cases were recruited and 1:1 matched with healthy controls based on age and sex. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of lung cancer risk associated with urinary BTHs and BTRs concentrations using conditional logistic regression models after controlling for potential covariates. We also examined effect modification by several covariates, including sex, socioeconomic status, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and dietary habit. Creatinine-corrected urinary BTH and 2-hydroxy-benzothiazole (2-OH-BTH) levels were significantly associated with the risk of lung cancer, after adjusting for a variety of covariates. Participants in the highest quartile of BTH had a 95% higher risk of lung cancer, compared with those in the lowest quartile (adjusted OR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.08-3.49; p for trend = 0.01). Participants with higher levels of urinary 2-OH-BTH had an 83% higher risk of lung cancer than those with lower levels (adjusted OR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.16-2.88; p for trend = 0.01). Exposure to elevated levels of BTH and 2-OH-BTH may be associated with an increased risk of lung cancer. These associations were not modified by socio-demographic characteristics.


Asunto(s)
Benzotiazoles , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Triazoles , Humanos , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Neoplasias Pulmonares/orina , Neoplasias Pulmonares/inducido químicamente , Neoplasias Pulmonares/epidemiología , Triazoles/orina , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Femenino , Benzotiazoles/orina , Anciano , China/epidemiología , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales , Adulto , Contaminantes Ambientales/orina , Estudios Prospectivos
19.
Turk J Chem ; 48(1): 97-107, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38544903

RESUMEN

New methods have been developed for the synthesis of the substituted quinolines and quinazolinones derivatives by utilizing N-(2-aminobenzoyl)benzotriazoles under mild reaction conditions. 3-Acyl-2-alkyl(aryl)-4-hydroxyquinolines were obtained in modarete yields by the reaction of N-(2-aminobenzoyl)benzotriazoles and diketones in the presence of tert-BuOK. 3-Acylamino-4(3H) quinazolinones were obtained in good yields via N-(2-aminobenzoyl)benzotriazoles, orthoester and hyrazides in one-pot.

20.
Sci Total Environ ; 918: 170767, 2024 Mar 25.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38331293

RESUMEN

Rapid prediction of the removal efficiency and energy consumption of organic contaminants under various operating conditions is crucial for advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) in industrial application. In this study, 1H-Benzotriazole (BTZ, CAS: 95-14-7) is selected as a model micropollutant, a validated incorporated Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model is employed to comprehensively investigate the impacts of initial concentrations of H2O2, BTZ and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) (i.e., [DOC]0, [BTZ]0 and [DOC]0), as well as the effective UV lamp power P and volumetric flow rate Qv. Generally, the operation performance depends on [DOC]0 and [BTZ]0 in similar trends, but with quantitatively different ways. The increase in [H2O2]0 and P/Qv can promote •OH generation, leading to the elimination of BTZ. It is worth noting that P/Qv is found to be linearly correlated with the removal order of BTZ (ROBTZ) under specific conditions. Based on this finding, the degradation of other potential organic contaminants with a wide range of rate constants by UV/H2O2 is further investigated. A model for predicting energy consumption for target removal rates of organic pollutants is established from massive simulation data for the first time. Additionally, a handy Matlab app is first developed for convenient application in water treatment. This work proposes a new operable solution for fast predicting operation performance and energy consumption for the removal of organic contaminants in industrial applications of advanced oxidation processes.

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