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BACKGROUND: there is a need for epidemiological and incidence data on the occurrence of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in Spain. OBJECTIVES: our study was designed to retrospectively retrieve cases from our computer databases from 2010 through 2016 to provide updated data on the actual incidence of BCC in Valencia, eastern Spain. METHODS: this was an epidemiological study on basal cell carcinoma conducted in Valencia, eastern Spain. We analyzed a total of 2171 patients and 4047 tumors, and gathered data to estimate the actual incidence of BBC in our region. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: our study confirmed that the incidence of BCC is much higher than previously reported. We calculated a crude incidence of 410.38 BCCs/100 000 person-years, an adjusted rate for the European population of 256.98 BCCs/100 000 person-years, and an adjusted rate for the world population of 196.26 BCCs/100 000 person-years.Risk is up to 29.49% higher for men (464.07 cases/100 000 person-years vs 358.40 cases/100 000 person-years for women).Incidence also increases by an annual 3.91% (a significantly higher annual incidence of 8.28% in women vs a 0.92% annual incidence in men).Overall, the lifetime risk for developing a BCC is 5.8% (5.02% in women and 7% in men).

RESUMEN

The use of disease-modifying therapies (DMT) has led to a paradigm shift in the management of multiple sclerosis. A comprehensive narrative review was conducted through an extensive literature search including Medline and Google Scholar to elucidate the link between DMT and the propensity of cutaneous malignancies. Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators, such as fingolimod and siponimod are associated with a higher risk of basal cell carcinoma (BCC), but not squamous cell carcinoma, or melanoma. The associated physiopathological mechanisms are not fully understood. Alemtuzumab and cladribine show isolated associations with skin cancer. Regarding other DMT, no increased risk has ever been found. Given the evidence currently available, it is of paramount importance to advocate for necessary dermatological assessments that should be individualized to the risk profile of each patient. Nonetheless, additional prospective studies are still needed to establish efficient dermatological follow-up protocols.

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La terminología usada para describir los diferentes hallazgos en la microscopía confocal de reflectancia (MCR), tanto en lesiones melanocíticas, como en no melanocíticas se ha consensuado en inglés. En el presente trabajo, se proponen los términos en español que mejor interpretan estos conceptos ya descritos para la MCR, mediante el consenso de expertos de distintas nacionalidades de habla hispana y utilizando el método DELPHI para el acuerdo final. Se obtuvieron 52 términos en total, de los cuales 28 fueron para lesiones melanocíticas y 24 para lesiones no melanocíticas. El uso de la nomenclatura propuesta permitirá una homogeneización y mejor entendimiento de las estructuras; una descripción más estandarizada en los registros clínicos y una mejor interpretación de estos informes por otros dermatólogos.(AU)

The terminology used to describe reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) findings in both melanocytic and nonmelanocytic lesions has been standardized in English. We convened a panel of Spanish-speaking RCM experts and used the Delphi method to seek consensus on which Spanish terms best describe RCM findings in this setting. The experts agreed on 52 terms: 28 for melanocytic lesions and 24 for nonmelanocytic lesions. The resulting terminology will facilitate homogenization, leading to a better understanding of structures, more standardized descriptions in clinical registries, and easier interpretation of clinical reports exchanged between dermatologists.(AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

La terminología usada para describir los diferentes hallazgos en la microscopía confocal de reflectancia (MCR), tanto en lesiones melanocíticas, como en no melanocíticas se ha consensuado en inglés. En el presente trabajo, se proponen los términos en español que mejor interpretan estos conceptos ya descritos para la MCR, mediante el consenso de expertos de distintas nacionalidades de habla hispana y utilizando el método DELPHI para el acuerdo final. Se obtuvieron 52 términos en total, de los cuales 28 fueron para lesiones melanocíticas y 24 para lesiones no melanocíticas. El uso de la nomenclatura propuesta permitirá una homogeneización y mejor entendimiento de las estructuras; una descripción más estandarizada en los registros clínicos y una mejor interpretación de estos informes por otros dermatólogos.(AU)

The terminology used to describe reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) findings in both melanocytic and nonmelanocytic lesions has been standardized in English. We convened a panel of Spanish-speaking RCM experts and used the Delphi method to seek consensus on which Spanish terms best describe RCM findings in this setting. The experts agreed on 52 terms: 28 for melanocytic lesions and 24 for nonmelanocytic lesions. The resulting terminology will facilitate homogenization, leading to a better understanding of structures, more standardized descriptions in clinical registries, and easier interpretation of clinical reports exchanged between dermatologists.(AU)

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Se denomina tumor de colisión (TC) a la coexistencia de dos o más neoplasias independientes en la misma resección. Suelen ser hallazgos incidentales en la piel, de patogénesis y prevalencia desconocidas, con pocas referencias en la literatura. Aquí mostramos un estudio retrospectivo de TC diagnosticados por un dermatopatólogo entre los años 2019-2022 en nuestro centro. Se han definido las lesiones de manera independiente y organizado cada colisión en categorías: benigno-benigno (BB), benigno-maligno (BM) y maligno-maligno (MM). Del total de 108 TC (1,4% de las biopsias totales del dermatopatólogo en ese periodo), se detecta que la colisión más frecuente es la formada entre BM (48,5%), con un carcinoma basocelular (CBC) como lesión maligna más frecuente de forma global y con un nevus melanocítico (NM) como lesión benigna principal. Se ha realizado el análisis estadístico de los resultados con el software Stata 14.2, detectando una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre edad y tipo de colisión. (AU)

A collision tumour (CT) is a neoplastic lesion comprised of two or more distinct cell populations that maintain distinct borders. Mostly, these are incidental findings in skin biopsies, whose pathologic mechanism and prevalence remain unknown, with few references among literature. Here, we present a retrospective study of CT, diagnosed by a dermatopathologist in our hospital between 2019-2022. Lesions have been defined individually and organized into three categories: benign-benign (BB), benign-malignant (BM) and malignant-malignant (MM). A total of 108 CT were diagnosed (1,4% of the biopsies from the dermatopathologist during this period), from which BM was the most frequent collision (48,5%). Globally, basal cell carcinoma (BCC) was the main malignant lesion and melanocytic nevus (MN) the main benign lesion. We have used the software Stata 14.2 in order to analyse results, and we have detected a statistically significant difference between age and collision type. (AU)

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Se denomina tumor de colisión (TC) a la coexistencia de dos o más neoplasias independientes en la misma resección. Suelen ser hallazgos incidentales en la piel, de patogénesis y prevalencia desconocidas, con pocas referencias en la literatura. Aquí mostramos un estudio retrospectivo de TC diagnosticados por un dermatopatólogo entre los años 2019-2022 en nuestro centro. Se han definido las lesiones de manera independiente y organizado cada colisión en categorías: benigno-benigno (BB), benigno-maligno (BM) y maligno-maligno (MM). Del total de 108 TC (1,4% de las biopsias totales del dermatopatólogo en ese periodo), se detecta que la colisión más frecuente es la formada entre BM (48,5%), con un carcinoma basocelular (CBC) como lesión maligna más frecuente de forma global y con un nevus melanocítico (NM) como lesión benigna principal. Se ha realizado el análisis estadístico de los resultados con el software Stata 14.2, detectando una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre edad y tipo de colisión. (AU)

A collision tumour (CT) is a neoplastic lesion comprised of two or more distinct cell populations that maintain distinct borders. Mostly, these are incidental findings in skin biopsies, whose pathologic mechanism and prevalence remain unknown, with few references among literature. Here, we present a retrospective study of CT, diagnosed by a dermatopathologist in our hospital between 2019-2022. Lesions have been defined individually and organized into three categories: benign-benign (BB), benign-malignant (BM) and malignant-malignant (MM). A total of 108 CT were diagnosed (1,4% of the biopsies from the dermatopathologist during this period), from which BM was the most frequent collision (48,5%). Globally, basal cell carcinoma (BCC) was the main malignant lesion and melanocytic nevus (MN) the main benign lesion. We have used the software Stata 14.2 in order to analyse results, and we have detected a statistically significant difference between age and collision type. (AU)

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BACKGROUND: There is a need for epidemiological and incidence data on the occurrence of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in Spain. OBJECTIVES: Our study was designed to retrospectively retrieve cases from our computer databases from 2010 through 2016 to provide updated data on the actual incidence of BCC in Valencia, eastern Spain. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was an epidemiological study on basal cell carcinoma conducted in Valencia, eastern Spain. We analyzed a total of 2171 patients and 4047 tumors, and gathered data to estimate the actual incidence of BBC in our region. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirmed that the incidence of BCC is much higher than previously reported. We calculated a crude incidence of 410.38 BCCs/100 000 person-years, an adjusted rate for the European population of 256.98 BCCs/100 000 person-years, and an adjusted rate for the world population of 196.26 BCCs/100 000 person-years. Risk is up to 29.49% higher for men (464.07 cases/100 000 person-years vs 358.40 cases/100 000 person-years for women). Incidence also increases by an annual 3.91% (a significantly higher annual incidence of 8.28% in women vs a 0.92% annual incidence in men). Overall, the lifetime risk for developing a BCC is 5.8% (5.02% in women and 7% in men).

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Introdução: O carcinoma basocelular (CBC) de vulva é uma condição rara que corresponde a menos de 0,4% dos casos de CBC e de 2% a 4% das neoplasias de vulva. O CBC de vulva é mais comum entre mulheres brancas, multíparas e na pósmenopausa, especialmente na sétima década de vida. O objetivo é relatar um caso de CBC de vulva no qual discutiram-se os aspectos do diagnóstico e tratamento. Relato de Caso: Mulher de 63 anos de idade, G1P1A0, chega ao consultório em janeiro de 2022 para tratamento de lesão persistente em vulva. Realizou-se biópsia incisional que mostrou tratar-se de provável carcinoma basocelular nodular com invasão da derme. A paciente submeteu-se a uma ressecção do tumor com margens macroscópicas livres e sutura primária. A cirurgia não teve complicações no pré-operatório e no pós-operatório. O histopatológico da peça cirúrgica mostrou tratar-se de carcinoma basocelular nodular com área irregular, plana, branco, medindo 0,7x0,4cm, com as margens laterais distando 7,0 e 5,0mm e profundas, 5,9mm; todas livres. Conclusão: O caso relatado é raro, tendo sido o tratamento de ressecção cirúrgica do CBC de vulva com margens bem-sucedido. Catorze meses após a cirurgia, a paciente encontra-se sem evidências de recidiva local ou regional.

Introduction: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the vulva is a rare condition that accounts for less than 0.4% of BCC cases and 2% to 4% of vulvar neoplasms. BCC of the vulva is more common among white, multiparous and postmenopausal women, especially in the seventh decade of life. The aim is to report a case of BCC of the vulva in which aspects of diagnosis and treatment were discussed. Case report: A 63-year-old woman, G1P1A0, arrives at the office in January 2022 for treatment of a persistent lesion on her vulva. An incisional biopsy was performed and showed that it was likely nodular basal cell carcinoma with invasion of the dermis. The patient underwent tumor resection with free macroscopic margins and primary suture. The surgery had no complications preoperatively or postoperatively. The histopathology of the surgical specimen showed that it was a nodular basal cell carcinoma with an irregular, flat, white area, measuring 0.7x0.4cm, with the lateral margins 7.0 and 5.0mm apart and 5.9mm deep; all free. Conclusion: The reported case is rare, with surgical resection of BCC of the vulva with margins being successful. Fourteen months after surgery, the patient has no evidence of local or regional recurrence.

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Introdução: Em 1977, a partir dos estudos anatômicos de McCraw et al., passou-se a utilizar o músculo peitoral maior como retalho miocutâneo em ilha. O presente artigo descreve um caso de reconstrução de um defeito da parede anterior do hemitórax direito através do retalho miocutâneo peitoral maior em ilha ipsilateral. Relato do Caso: A.E.S., de 66 anos, sexo masculino foi submetido a ressecção ampla de um carcinoma basocelular infiltrativo recidivante de 13,0 x 8,0cm da região paraesternal direita. O retalho miocutâneo foi transposto através de tunelização subcutânea e as cicatrizes posicionadas em forma de mamaplastia em T invertido. Conclusão: A presente tática cirúrgica é de fácil execução para cirurgiões habituados com reconstrução mamária, apresenta tempo cirúrgico curto e resultado estético-funcional satisfatório.

Introduction: In 1977, based on anatomical studies by McCraw et al., the pectoralis major muscle began to be used as an island myocutaneous flap. The present article describes a case of reconstruction of a defect in the anterior wall of the right hemithorax using the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap in an ipsilateral island. Case Report: AES, 66 years old, male, underwent wide resection of a recurrent infiltrative basal cell carcinoma measuring 13.0 x 8.0 cm in the right parasternal region. The myocutaneous flap was transposed through subcutaneous tunneling and the scars were positioned in the shape of an inverted T mammoplasty. Conclusion: This surgical tactic is easy to perform for surgeons accustomed to breast reconstruction, has a short surgical time, and has satisfactory aesthetic-functional results.

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Resumen Introducción: El tricoblastoma es una neoplasia que por su baja frecuencia no se sospecha clínicamente, pero que debe ser diferenciada de un carcinoma de células basales a través del estudio histopatológico. Objetivo: Reportar un tumor sumamente raro que se presenta en sitios donde es frecuente observar carcinomas basocelulares. Caso clínico: Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 34 años, quien mostraba un nódulo deconsistencia firme y bordes definidos en la región frontal derecha. En laevaluación histológica, se encontró un nódulo hipodérmico bien circunscrito,constituidopormasasynidosdecélulasbasaloidesgrandesconnúcleoovoideo y nucléolo visible con empalizada periférica y algunos folículos rudimentarios. Ante estos signos histopatológicos, se planteó el diagnóstico diferencial con carcinoma de células basales y tricogerminoma,yaqueestasneoplasiaspresentanelementos comunes. La inmunohistoquímica mostró que las células tumorales eran positivas en mayor o menor porcentaje parap63,p53,CK20,Bcl2yCD10. Conclusiones: Pensar en el diagnóstico de un tricoblastoma es un reto, ya que tiene características similares al carcinoma de células basales y a otros tumores benignos foliculares como el tricogerminoma. Por ello, es necesario interrelacionar los hallazgos histomorfológicos con los resultados inmunohistoquímicos.

Abstract Introduction : Trichoblastoma is a neoplasm that is not clinically suspected due to its low frequency but must be differentiated from basal cell carcinoma through histopathological study. Aim : To report an extremely rare tumor that occurs in places where it is common to see basal cell carcinomas. Clinical case : The case of a 34-year-old patient is presented, who showed a nodule of firm consistency and defined edges on the right side of the forehead. In the histological evaluation a well-circumscribed hypodermal nodule was found consisting of masses and nests of large basaloid cells with an ovoid nucleus and visible nucleolus with peripheral palisade and some rudimentary follicles. Given these findings, the differential diagnosis with basal cell carcinoma and trichogerminoma was raised, since these neoplasms have common elements. Immunohistochemistry showed that tumor cells were positive in a higher or lesser percentage for: p63, p53, CK20, Bcl2 and CD10. Conclusions : Diagnosingatrichoblastoma is a challenge since it has characteristics similar to basal cell carcinoma and other benign follicular tumors such as trichogerminoma, so it is necessary to interrelate the histomorphological findings with the immunohistochemical results.

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Introduction: Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) comprises a group of neoplasms with a high incidence in the world population. It is divided into basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). As it is highly prevalent, understanding the process of oncogenesis and the relationship with ions, proteins and cellular receptors in CPMN can contribute to the evaluation of new therapies. Objective: To understand the oncogenesis process of non-melanoma skin tumors and its relationship with the immunolocalization of IP3R. Method: Integrative literature review with evidence synthesis. The database was PUBMED; the search strategy: "squamous cell carcinoma, AND/OR basal cell carcinoma, AND/OR IP3R, AND/OR immunohistochemistry". Works published between 2018 and 2023 were considered for review; 40 works were included, fully read and summarized. Results: NMSC is the most common malignant tumor worldwide, with 75-80% being BCC, and up to 25% being SCC. Molecular interactions in general involve a large participation of tumor suppressor molecules, as well as procto-oncogenes. Furthermore, voltage-dependent ion channels control the cytosolic flow of ions, including calcium. The IP3R (phosphatidyl inositol-3 receptor) allows the exit of calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum so that it can be used by the cell for physiological activities such as proliferation, angiogenesis, motility and invasion capacity. Conclusion: The IP3R, due to its immunohistochemical expression characteristics, appears may also be related to the pathophysiology of NMSC.

Introdução: O câncer de pele não melanoma (CPNM) compeende grupo de neoplasias com alta incidência na população mundial. É dividido em carcinoma basocelular (CBC) e de células escamosas (CEC). Por ser de grande prevalência, entender o processo de oncogênese e a relação com íons, proteínas e receptores celulares no CPMN pode contribuir para que novas terapêuticas sejam avaliadas. Objetivo: Entender o processo da oncogênese dos tumores de pele não melanomas e sua relação com a imunolocalização do IP3R. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura com síntese de evidências. A base de dados foi o PUBMED; a  estratégia de busca: "carcinoma espinocelular, AND/OR carcinoma basocelular, AND/OR IP3R, AND/OR imunoistoquímica". Foram considerados para revisão os trabalhos publicados entre 2018 e 2023. Foram incluídos 40 trabalhos, integralmente lidos e resumidos. Resultados: CPNMs são os tumores malignos mais comuns em todo o mundo, sendo 75-80% o CBC, e até 25% o CEC. As interações moleculares de forma geral, envolvem grande participação de moléculas supressoras tumorais, assim como de procto-oncogenes. Além disso, canais iônicos voltagem dependente controlam o fluxo citosólico de íons, dentre eles o cálcio. O IP3R (receptor do fosfatidil inositol-3) permite a saída de cálcio do retículo endoplasmático para que seja utilizado pela célula para atividades fisiológias como proliferação, angiogênese, motilidade e capacidade de invasão. Conclusão: O IP3R, pelas características de expressão imunoistoquímica, parece estar relacionado também, à fisiopatologia do CPNM.

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A collision tumour (CT) is a neoplastic lesion comprised of two or more distinct cell populations that maintain distinct borders. Mostly, these are incidental findings in skin biopsies, whose pathologic mechanism and prevalence remain unknown, with few references among literature. Here, we present a retrospective study of CT, diagnosed by a dermatopathologist in our hospital between 2019-2022. Lesions have been defined individually and organized into three categories: benign-benign (BB), benign-malignant (BM) and malignant-malignant (MM). A total of 108 CT were diagnosed (1,4% of the biopsies from the dermatopathologist during this period), from which BM was the most frequent collision (48,5%). Globally, basal cell carcinoma (BCC) was the main malignant lesion and melanocytic nevus (MN) the main benign lesion. We have used the software Stata 14.2 in order to analyse results, and we have detected a statistically significant difference between age and collision type.

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The terminology used to describe reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) findings in both melanocytic and nonmelanocytic lesions has been standardized in English. We convened a panel of Spanish-speaking RCM experts and used the Delphi method to seek consensus on which Spanish terms best describe RCM findings in this setting. The experts agreed on 52 terms: 28 for melanocytic lesions and 24 for nonmelanocytic lesions. The resulting terminology will facilitate homogenization, leading to a better understanding of structures, more standardized descriptions in clinical registries, and easier interpretation of clinical reports exchanged between dermatologists.

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Introducción: El carcinoma basocelular constituye uno de los tipos de cáncer cutáneo de mayor incidencia. El uso del HeberFERON® ha demostrado una efectiva respuesta clínica. Objetivo: Evaluar la respuesta del HeberFERON® en pacientes con carcinoma basocelular asociado a la COVID-19, y su comportamiento en pacientes con igual diagnóstico dermatológico sin tratamiento previo con dicho fármaco, atendidos con cirugía. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo y retrospectivo en un universo de 184 pacientes adultos con carcinoma basocelular. Se analizaron las variables edad, sexo, fototipo de piel, comorbilidades asociadas, infección con SARS-CoV-2 asociada con tratamiento previo con HeberFERON® o cirugía; tiempo entre tratamiento recibido y padecimiento de COVID-19, y severidad de los síntomas. Los resultados se expresan en tablas. Resultados: Se estudiaron 94 pacientes tratados con HeberFERON® para el carcinoma basocelular, y 90 pacientes tratados con cirugía. Predominaron los masculinos, mayores de 60 años, fototipo de piel II-III, con comorbilidades cardiovasculares. De ellos, 24 (25,5 %) resultaron positivos a la COVID-19, y el 83,3 % desarrollaron síntomas leves. De los tratados con cirugía para el carcinoma basocelular, 61 resultaron positivos a la COVID-19 (67,7 %), y el 55,7 % tuvo sintomatología severa. Durante el ciclo de tratamiento con HeberFERON para el carcinoma basocelular, el 66,7 % enfermó con COVID-19 entre las 16 y 32 semanas. Posterior a las 32 semanas, se reportó un fallecido. Conclusiones: Los pacientes tratados con cirugía sin previo HeberFERON tuvieron más contagios con COVID-19, predominando los decesos asociados a ello, siendo menor en los que lo recibieron. De los tratados previamente con HeberFERON® para el carcinoma basocelular, el 74,5 % no enfermó de COVID-19, a pesar de haber sido el 52,8 % contactos de positivos al SARS-CoV-2.

Introduction: Basal cell carcinoma is one of the types of skin cancer with the highest incidence. The use of HeberFERON® has shown an effective clinical response. Objective: To evaluate the response of HeberFERON® in patients with BCC associated with COVID-19 and its behavior in patients with the same dermatological diagnosis without previous treatment with that drug, treated with surgery. Materials and methods: A descriptive and retrospective observational study was conducted in a universe of 184 adult patients with basal cell carcinoma. The variables analyzed were age, sex, skin phototype, associated comorbidities, SARS-CoV-2 infection, associated to previously treatment with HeberFERON® or surgery; time between treatment received and suffering from COVID-19; severity of symptoms. The results were expressed in tables. Results: 94 patients were treated with HeberFERON® for basal cell carcinoma, and 90 were treated with surgery. There was a predominance of male patients, aged over 60 years, skin phototype II-III, with cardiovascular morbidities. Of them, 24 (25.5%) were positive to COVID-19 (67.7%), and 83.3% developed mild symptoms. Of those treated with surgery for basal cell carcinoma, 61 were positive to COVID-19 (67,7%), and 55.7% had severe symptoms. During the HeberFERON® treatment cycle for basal cell carcinoma, 66.7% became ill with COVID-19 between 16 and 32 weeks. After 32 weeks one deceased was reported. Conclusions: Patients treated with surgery without prior HeberFERON® had more infections with Covid-19, the deaths associated with it predominating, being less in those who received it. Of those previously treated with HeberFERON® for basal cell carcinoma, 74.5% did not become ill with COVID-19, despite having been 52.8% contacts to SARS-CoV-2 positive people.

RESUMEN

Fundamento: El carcinoma basocelular es infrecuente en la piel cabelluda. Es un tumor de invasión local y crecimiento lento, puede ser agresivo, destruir tejidos vecinos, causar ulceración e invadir en profundidad cartílago y hueso. Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados de la aplicación del HeberFERON y el seguimiento con ecografía cutánea en pacientes con carcinoma basocelular en la piel cabelluda. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y longitudinal en una serie de casos con diagnóstico de carcinoma basocelular de la piel cabelluda en el Policlínico Centro de la ciudad Sancti Spíritus, durante el período de 10 de julio del 2018 a 29 de julio del 2022. Se incluyeron 6 casos. Las variables estudiadas fueron la respuesta al tratamiento mediante la clínica, la ecografía cutánea e histopatología y presencia de eventos adversos. Resultados: Predominó el sexo masculino, subtipo histológico sólido, subtipo clínico nódulo ulcerativo, tamaño del tumor mayor de 30 mm y tiempo de evolución de más de 12 meses; la respuesta al tratamiento en la mayoría de los casos fue parcial. Los eventos adversos fueron dolor y ardor en el sitio de inyección, fiebre, edema y eritema perilesional. Conclusiones: El HeberFERON resultó de utilidad en los pacientes con carcinoma basocelular del cuero cabelludo ya que redujo el tumor en unos casos y en otros lo eliminó. La ecografía permitió la evaluación en tiempo real de la neoplasia; los eventos adversos más frecuentes fueron la fiebre y el dolor en el sitio de inyección, a pesar de ello ningún paciente abandonó el tratamiento.

Background: Basal cell carcinoma is uncommon in the scalp. It is a slow-growing locally invasive tumor, it can be aggressive in destroying neighboring tissues, cause ulceration and invade deep into the cartilage and bone. Objective: To evaluate the results of HeberFERON application and follow-up with cutaneous echographical in patients with scalp basal cell carcinoma. Methodology: An observational, descriptive and longitudinal study was conducted in a series of cases diagnosed with scalp basal cell carcinoma at the Center Polyclinic in Sancti Spíritus city during the period from July 10, 2018 to July 29, 2022. Six clinical cases were included. The studied variables were the answer to the treatment by clinical, cutaneous echographical and histopathology and the presence of adverse events. Results: Male sex predominated, solid histologic subtype, clinical subtype ulcerative nodule, tumor size greater than 30 mm and evolution time of over 12 months; the treatment response in most cases was partial; adverse events were pain and burning at the injection site, fever, edema and perilesional erythema. Conclusion: It was observed that in patients with scalp basal cell carcinoma, the HeberFERON treatment reduced in some cases and eliminated the tumor in others. Echography allowed real-time evaluation of the neoplasm, fever and pain at the injection site were the most frequent adverse events. In spite of this, none of the patients abandoned the therapy.

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Introducción: El cáncer de piel es la más frecuente de todas las neoplasias. Su incidencia mundial ha aumentado en proporción epidémica, y existe un predominio en países tropicales debido a la constante exposición solar. El carcinoma basocelular es el que más afecta a la población y predomina en hombres de más de 60 años. Existen criterios para clasificar esta entidad en alto riesgo, basándose, sobre todo, en la localización y extensión de la lesión. Una opción novedosa y terapéutica de elección es el uso del HeberFERON®. Objetivo: Describir la respuesta clínica al tratamiento con HeberFERON® en pacientes con carcinoma basocelular de alto riego en Matanzas, en el período de febrero de 2019 a julio de 2021. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo prospectivo en pacientes atendidos en la Consulta Provincial de Tumores Periféricos, de Matanzas, que presentaron carcinoma basocelular de alto riesgo en el período mencionado. Resultado: La población estuvo constituida por 55 pacientes, predominando los hombres y el grupo etario de 60 a 69 años. Las variantes ulceradas localizadas en la nariz constituyeron las formas clínicas agresivas de mayor incidencia. Conclusiones: Imperaron las respuestas completas en tumores mayores de 2 cm, evitando cirugías mutilantes, con lo que se evidencia la seguridad y eficacia del HeberFERON®.

Introduction: Skin cancer is the most frequent of all neoplasms. Its worldwide incidence has increased in epidemic proportions, and there is predominance in tropical countries due to constant sun exposition. Basal cell carcinoma is the one that most affects the population and predominates in men over 60 years of age. There are criteria to classify this entity as high risk, based, above all, in the location and extent of the lesion. A novel and therapeutic option of election is the use of HeberFERON™. Objective: To describe the clinical response to treatment with HeberFERON™ in patients with high-risk basal cell carcinoma in Matanzas, from February 2019 to July 2021. Materials and methods: Prospective, descriptive study was carried out in patients treated at the Provincial Clinic of Peripheral Tumors, of Matanzas, who presented high-risk basal cell carcinoma in the aforementioned period. Results: The population consisted of 55 patients, predominating men and the age group from 60 to 69 years. The ulcerative forms located in the nose constituted the aggressive clinical forms of highest incidence. Conclusions: Complete responses prevailed in tumors larger than 2 cm, avoiding mutilating surgeries, thus demonstrating the safety and efficacy of HeberFERON™.

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Exponemos el caso clínico de una mujer de 71 años de edad con antecedente de múltiples carcinomas basocelulares (CBC) que presenta una lesión nodular en la totalidad de la extensión del borde libre de párpado inferior. Se realiza un abordaje de la lesión mediante exéresis del margen palpebral con resección limitada vertical de tarso y colgajo de Tripier con un resultado estético y funcional correcto, márgenes histológicos libres y ausencia de recidiva en un seguimiento de 12 meses (AU)

We present the clinical case of a 71-year-old woman with a history of multiple basal cell carcinomas (BCC) who presented a nodular lesion in practically the entire extension of the free edge of the lower eyelid. The lesion was approached by excision of the palpebral margin with limited vertical resection of the tarsus and Tripier flap with a correct aesthetic and functional result, free histological margins and no recurrence in a 12-month follow-up (AU)

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Antecedentes y objetivo El tratamiento de elección inicial del carcinoma basocelular (CBC) es la escisión quirúrgica. Esta debería ser completa para reducir el riesgo de recidiva. Nuestro objetivo es conocer las características de los CBC en nuestra área de salud, el porcentaje de márgenes afectos, y los factores de riesgo para una resección quirúrgica incompleta. Material y métodos Estudio observacional retrospectivo de los CBC intervenidos en el Área de Salud del Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria entre el 1 de enero de 2014 y el 31 de diciembre de 2014. Recogemos datos demográficos, clínicos e histológicos, servicio responsable, abordaje quirúrgico y estado de los márgenes. Resultados Se diagnosticaron 966 CBC correspondientes a 776 pacientes, siendo el 9% biopsias, el 89% escisiones y el 2% rebanados. La mediana de edad fue de 71 años y el 52% eran hombres. La localización más frecuente fue la cara (59,1%). Se analizaron los márgenes quirúrgicos en 506 CBC. El 17% presentó afectación de márgenes. El porcentaje de márgenes afectos fue significativamente mayor en los tumores de la cara (22% cara vs. 10% otra localización) y en los de subtipo histológico de alto riesgo (OMS) (25% subtipo de alto riesgo vs. 15% bajo riesgo). Conclusiones Las características de nuestros pacientes con CBC se asemejan a las descritas previamente. La localización facial y el subtipo histológico son factores de riesgo para la resección incompleta del CBC. Por lo tanto, el abordaje quirúrgico inicial de los CBC con estas características ha de planearse de forma cuidadosa (AU)

Background and objective Surgical excision is the treatment of choice for basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Complete excision with clear margins is important for reducing the risk of recurrence. The aims of this study were to describe the characteristics of BCCs in our health care area, calculate the percentage of positive margins after surgical excision, and determine the risk factors for incomplete excision. Material and methods Retrospective observational study of BCCs that were surgically removed at Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, in Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain, between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2014. Information was collected on demographic, clinical, and histologic variables, surgical approach, margin status, and the department responsible. Results In total, 966 BCCs were diagnosed in 776 patients. Nine percent of tumors with complete data were biopsied, 89% were surgically excised, and 2% were removed by shave excision. The median age of patients with excised tumors was 71 years and 52% were men. BCCs were most often located on the face (59.1%). Surgical margins were analyzed in 506 cases, 17% of which had positive margins. Incomplete excision was significantly more common in tumors located on the face (22% vs. 10% for other locations) and in high-risk subtypes according to the World Health Organization classification (25% vs. 15% for low-risk subtypes). Conclusions The characteristics of BCCs in our health care area are similar to those described elsewhere. Facial location and histologic subtype are risk factors for incomplete excision. Careful surgical planning is therefore important in the initial management of BCCs with these characteristics (AU)

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Background and objective Surgical excision is the treatment of choice for basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Complete excision with clear margins is important for reducing the risk of recurrence. The aims of this study were to describe the characteristics of BCCs in our health care area, calculate the percentage of positive margins after surgical excision, and determine the risk factors for incomplete excision. Material and methods Retrospective observational study of BCCs that were surgically removed at Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, in Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain, between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2014. Information was collected on demographic, clinical, and histologic variables, surgical approach, margin status, and the department responsible. Results In total, 966 BCCs were diagnosed in 776 patients. Nine percent of tumors with complete data were biopsied, 89% were surgically excised, and 2% were removed by shave excision. The median age of patients with excised tumors was 71 years and 52% were men. BCCs were most often located on the face (59.1%). Surgical margins were analyzed in 506 cases, 17% of which had positive margins. Incomplete excision was significantly more common in tumors located on the face (22% vs. 10% for other locations) and in high-risk subtypes according to the World Health Organization classification (25% vs. 15% for low-risk subtypes). Conclusions The characteristics of BCCs in our health care area are similar to those described elsewhere. Facial location and histologic subtype are risk factors for incomplete excision. Careful surgical planning is therefore important in the initial management of BCCs with these characteristics (AU)

Antecedentes y objetivo El tratamiento de elección inicial del carcinoma basocelular (CBC) es la escisión quirúrgica. Esta debería ser completa para reducir el riesgo de recidiva. Nuestro objetivo es conocer las características de los CBC en nuestra área de salud, el porcentaje de márgenes afectos, y los factores de riesgo para una resección quirúrgica incompleta. Material y métodos Estudio observacional retrospectivo de los CBC intervenidos en el Área de Salud del Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria entre el 1 de enero de 2014 y el 31 de diciembre de 2014. Recogemos datos demográficos, clínicos e histológicos, servicio responsable, abordaje quirúrgico y estado de los márgenes. Resultados Se diagnosticaron 966 CBC correspondientes a 776 pacientes, siendo el 9% biopsias, el 89% escisiones y el 2% rebanados. La mediana de edad fue de 71 años y el 52% eran hombres. La localización más frecuente fue la cara (59,1%). Se analizaron los márgenes quirúrgicos en 506 CBC. El 17% presentó afectación de márgenes. El porcentaje de márgenes afectos fue significativamente mayor en los tumores de la cara (22% cara vs. 10% otra localización) y en los de subtipo histológico de alto riesgo (OMS) (25% subtipo de alto riesgo vs. 15% bajo riesgo). Conclusiones Las características de nuestros pacientes con CBC se asemejan a las descritas previamente. La localización facial y el subtipo histológico son factores de riesgo para la resección incompleta del CBC. Por lo tanto, el abordaje quirúrgico inicial de los CBC con estas características ha de planearse de forma cuidadosa (AU)

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Introducción: El carcinoma basocelular es un tumor de invasión local de crecimiento; se origina en las células epidérmicas de los folículos pilosos o las células basales de la epidermis, cuando se localizan en zona de alto riesgo en la cara tienen un mayor índice de recurrencia tumoral y de invasión a estructuras adyacentes y subyacentes. Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados de la aplicación del HeberFERON en pacientes con carcinoma basocelular en zona de alto riesgo. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y prospectivo en pacientes con diagnóstico clínico, dermatoscópico e histopatológico de carcinoma basocelular en zona de alto riesgo, tratados con HeberFERON en la consulta del Policlínico Centro de Sancti Spíritus desde el 12 de enero de 2016 hasta el 25 de marzo de 2022. La muestra quedó conformada por 62 pacientes Las principales variables estudiadas fueron la respuesta al tratamiento y los eventos adversos. Resultados: Predominó el sexo masculino, el área urbana, fototipocutáneo III y la edad mayor de 40 años. La localización más frecuente fue la nasal; el subtipo clínico el nódulo ulcerativo; el histológico, el sólido; el tumor primitivo y menor de 2 cm; la respuesta al tratamiento fue completa en la mayoría de los pacientes. Los eventos adversos más comunes fueron dolor y ardor en el sitio de inyección, edema y eritema perilesional, fiebre y cefalea. Conclusiones: La mayoría de los pacientes tratados con HeberFERON tuvieron una respuesta completa, los eventos adversos fueron los descritos en la literatura por el uso de interferones, sin cambio en la actitud farmacológica(AU)

Introduction: Basal cell carcinoma is a growing and locally invasive tumor; it originates in the epidermal cells of hair follicles or the basal cells of the epidermis. When located in a high-risk facial zone, they present a higher rate of tumor recurrence and invasion to adjacent and underlying structures. Objective: To evaluate the results of HeberFERON application in patients with basal cell carcinoma on a high-risk zone. Methods: An observational, descriptive and prospective study was conducted in patients with a clinical, dermatoscopic and histopathological diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma on a high-risk zone, treated with HeberFERON in the consultation of Policlínico Centro of Sancti Spíritus, from January 12, 2016 to March 25, 2022. The sample was made up of 62 patients. The main variables studied were response to treatment and adverse events. Results: There was a predominance of the male sex, the urban area, skin phototype III and age over 40 years. The most frequent localization was nasal; the clinical subtype, ulcerative nodule; the histological subtype, solid. The response to treatment was complete in most patients. The most common adverse events were pain and burning at the injection site, perilesional erythema and edema, fever and headache. Conclusions: Most patients treated with HeberFERON had a complete response; the adverse events were those described in the literature due to the use of interferons, with no change in pharmacological behavior(AU)

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