RESUMEN

Respiratory sample staining is a standard tool used to diagnose Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PjP). Although molecular tests are more sensitive, their interpretation can be difficult due to the potential of colonization. We aimed to validate a Pneumocystis jirovecii (Pj) real-time PCR (qPCR) assay in bronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and oropharyngeal washes (OW). We included 158 immunosuppressed patients with pneumonia, 35 lung cancer patients who underwent BAL, and 20 healthy individuals. We used a SYBR green qPCR assay to look for a 103 bp fragment of the Pj mtLSU rRNA gene in BAL and OW. We calculated the qPCR cut-off as well as the analytical and diagnostic characteristics. The qPCR was positive in 67.8% of BAL samples from the immunocompromised patients. The established cut-off for discriminating between disease and colonization was Ct 24.53 for BAL samples. In the immunosuppressed group, qPCR detected all 25 microscopy-positive PjP cases, plus three additional cases. Pj colonization in the immunocompromised group was 66.2%, while in the cancer group, colonization rates were 48%. qPCR was ineffective at diagnosing PjP in the OW samples. This new qPCR allowed for reliable diagnosis of PjP, and differentiation between PjP disease and colonization in BAL of immunocompromised patients with pneumonia.

RESUMEN

Competition for resources can affect growth and increase mortality in forest stands. The effects of this process are little known, especially in areas subjected to forest management which show distinct growth dynamics when compared to unmanaged natural areas. This study aimed to estimate, evaluate and select the best fit competition indices (CI) for individual trees in a managed forest in the eastern Amazon. The data used originated from 18 permanent plots of 1 ha each, which were monitored for 12 years after Reduced Impact Logging (RIL). For the competition analysis, 23 indices were tested. CIs were evaluated based on graphical analyses and linear correlation coefficients(r)between each index and variables, basal area growth(ΔG), probability of mortality(Pm), and post-logging period (PLP). In addition, the partial F-test was applied to verify how well the calculated CIs explain the variations observed in ΔGandP(m). The distance-independent index for BAL (Basal Area Larger) performed the best. For the distance-dependent and semi-independent indices, the best interactions with the variables tested occurred in radii of 15 and 20 m away from the object tree. The largest trees presented higher values ofΔG. While P(m)was similar among the three tree classes, larger trees had a slightly higher P(m)due to thier low density of individuals. The results obtained in this study may help to include CIs in growth and production models at the individual tree level in tropical rainforests, especially in those managed in the Brazilian Amazon.

Asunto(s)

Bosques , Brasil , Humanos

RESUMEN

Indoor environments contribute significantly to total human exposure to air pollutants, as people spend most of their time indoors. Household air pollution (HAP) resulting from cooking with polluting ("dirty") fuels, which include coal, kerosene, and biomass (wood, charcoal, crop residues, and animal manure) is a global environmental health problem. Indoor pollutants are gases, particulates, toxins, and microorganisms among others, that can have an impact especially on the health of children and adults through a combination of different mechanisms on oxidative stress and gene activation, epigenetic, cellular, and immunological systems. Air pollution is a major risk factor and contributor to morbidity and mortality from major chronic diseases. Children are significantly affected by the impact of the environment due to biological immaturity, prenatal and postnatal lung development. Poor air quality has been related to an increased prevalence of clinical manifestations of allergic asthma and rhinitis. Health professionals should increase their role in managing the exposure of children and adults to air pollution with better methods of care, prevention, and collective action. Interventions to reduce household pollutants may promote health and can be achieved with education, community, and health professional involvement.

RESUMEN

RESUMEN El sector avícola ha disminuido los antibióticos por problemas de resistencia, lo que ha generado interés investigativo en alternativas para el manejo sanitario. Por ello, se evaluó el efecto del suministro de Lactobacillus casei microencapsulado en los parámetros productivos y salud intestinal del pollo de engorde. La investigación incluyó 240 pollos, en 4 tratamientos: alimento sin antibióticos ni anticoccidiales (T0), alimento con probiótico comercial (T1) y T2 y T3 con inclusión de L. casei microencapsulado y sin microencapsular, respectivamente. Se evaluó la eficiencia y la viabilidad de la conservación de la bacteria por parte del microencapsulado, además de sus características físicas. Se valoró in vivo el suministro de la bacteria láctica, mediante los parámetros productivos, bioquímicos en sangre, la morfología intestinal y la respuesta inmunológica. Se observó viabilidad y eficiencia de 75,9 y 89,4%, para el microencapsulado. El grupo de tratamiento con probiótico microencapsulado tuvo incremento significativo en la ganancia de peso y de consumo de alimento (p<0,05). En la bioquímica sanguínea solo se encontró un incremento del colesterol con el microencapsulado (p<0,05). Se mejoró la respuesta inmunológica con el suministro de L. casei microencapsulado (p<0,05). Se concluye que el uso de L. casei microencapsulado puede mejorar los parámetros productivos e inmunológicos del pollo de engorde.

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ABSTRACT The poultry production has reduced antibiotics due to resistance problems, which has generated research interest in alternatives for sanitary management. Therefore, the effect of supplying microencapsulated Lactobacillus casei on the production parameters and intestinal health of broilers was evaluated. The research included 240 chickens in 4 treatments: food without antibiotics or anticoccidials (T0), food with commercial probiotic (T1), and T2 and T3 with inclusion of microencapsulated and non-microencapsulated L. casei, respectively. The efficiency and viability of the conservation of the bacterium by the microencapsulate was evaluated, in addition to its physical characteristics. The supply of lactic acid bacteria was evaluated in vivo by means of the productive, biochemical parameters in blood, intestinal morphology and the immune response. Viability and efficiency of 75.9 and 89.4% were observed for the microencapsulation. The microencapsulated probiotic treatment group had a significant increase in weight gain and food consumption (p<0.05). In blood biochemistry, an increase in cholesterol was only found with microencapsulation (p<0.05). The immune response was improved with the supply of microencapsulated L. casei (p<0.05). It is concluded that the use of microencapsulated L. casei can improve the productive and immunological parameters of broilers.

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in the intensive care unit (ICU) presents several challenges, mainly associated to the clinical state of the patient. The presence of HIV infection further aggravates this scenario, requiring a reliable collection method, with better performance in the microbiological/molecular techniques to be used. We evaluated the performance of two methods for sample collection, mini bronchoalveolar lavage (Mini-BAL) and endotracheal aspirate (ETA), for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in critically ill patients. METHODS: This prospective study involved 26 HIV positive ICU internalized patients, with presumptive PTB who required mechanical ventilation. Two samples were obtained prospectively from 26 HIV ICU patients with presumptive PTB by Mini-BAL and ETA. The samples were processed for smear microscopy, Löwenstein-Jensen medium and the BACTEC Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube 960 system®. We define as confirmed PTB patients with positive MTB culture. Furthermore, all samples obtained through the Mini-BAL were analyzed by Xpert® MTB/RIF. RESULTS: Our results demonstrated that the respiratory samples obtained by Mini-BAL were able to increase MTB detection in critically ill patients with presumptive PTB. The Mini-BAL allowed 30% increased recovery and guaranteed enough sample volume for processing in all methods. In addition, the larger volume of the samples obtained with this technique enabled the Xpert® MTB/RIF molecular test for diagnosis of TB. CONCLUSIONS: The Mini-BAL showed be an acceptable alternative to ETA in this population, since these critically ill and often-immunocompromised patients are more likely to develop complications related to invasive procedures.

Asunto(s)

Líquido del Lavado Bronquioalveolar/microbiología , Manejo de Especímenes/métodos , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Adulto , Enfermedad Crítica , Femenino , Infecciones por VIH/microbiología , Humanos , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Estudios Prospectivos , Respiración Artificial , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/microbiología

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Some studies have linked the use of paracetamol (PAR) with adverse effects like wheezing, exacerbation of asthma symptoms and other respiratory problems. Other studies are inconclusive or deny this correlation. This makes the association between PAR and airway hypersensitivity very controversial and still under debate. OBJECTIVE: This work investigated if chronic treatment with PAR in rats could directly affect the contraction and relaxation for different stimulus in isolated airways. METHODS: Rats were treated for 2 weeks with PAR (400 mg/Kg, v.o.). The blood was collected for biochemical analysis (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), TBARs reaction and glutathione) and isolated tracheal rings were prepared in organ bath to measure isometric tone after contractile and relaxant stimulus. RESULTS: Hepatic enzymes (ALT, AST) and lipid peroxidation were increased after PAR-treatment, while glutathione was decreased. Rats do not present any alteration in airway myocytes responsiveness, either to contractile or relaxant stimulus (i.e. cholinergic agonist, membrane depolarization, Ca2+ influx across sarcolemma, internal Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum, Ca2+ channel blocking, ß-agonist and NOmediating relaxation). CONCLUSION: Despite increased oxidative stress and reduced antioxidant defense, chronic treatment with PAR does not induce airway hypersensitivity or risk of asthma in rats.

Asunto(s)

Acetaminofén/toxicidad , Asma/inducido químicamente , Alanina Transaminasa/sangre , Animales , Aspartato Aminotransferasas/sangre , Asma/metabolismo , Carbacol/farmacología , Glutatión/sangre , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Relajación Muscular/efectos de los fármacos , Músculo Liso/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Tráquea/efectos de los fármacos

RESUMEN

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is related to inflammatory process caused by smoking habit. In this scenario, the anti-inflammatory protein Annexin A1 (AnxA1) may represent a therapeutic alternative. We performed experiments to evaluate the effects of the AnxA1 mimetic peptide Ac2-26 in an initial COPD model by physiological, histopathological, biochemical and immunohistochemical analyses. Weight loss, increased blood pressure, reductions in the pulmonary frequency and ventilation, loss of tracheal cilia, enlargement of the pulmonary intra-alveolar spaces and lymphoid tissue found in untreated smoke-exposed group were attenuated by AnxA1 peptide treatment. The Ac2-26 administration also protected against leukocytes influx in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), lung and trachea, and it also led to decreased hemoglobin, glucose, cholesterol, gamma glutamyl transferase and aspartato aminotransferase levels. Similarly, reduction of proinflammatory mediators and higher concentration of anti-inflammatory cytokine were found in macerated lung supernatant, blood plasma and BAL in the treated animals. Besides Ac2-26 group showed reduced tissue expressions of AnxA1, cyclooxygenase-2 and metalloproteinase-9, but formylated peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) overexpression. Our results all together highlighted the protective role of the Ac2-26 mimetic peptide in COPD with promising perspectives.

Asunto(s)

Anexina A1/uso terapéutico , Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Péptidos/uso terapéutico , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Anexina A1/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Líquido del Lavado Bronquioalveolar/citología , Ciclooxigenasa 2/inmunología , Citocinas/inmunología , Femenino , Macrófagos/inmunología , Mastocitos/inmunología , Péptidos/farmacología , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/inducido químicamente , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/inmunología , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/patología , Ratas Wistar , Humo , Productos de Tabaco

RESUMEN

Ocotea cernua (Nees) Mez, "moena negra", es una especie comercial que se desarrolla en los bosques del llano aluvial inundable de la Amazonía peruana. Este estudio, proporciona información sobre su crecimiento, y que puede utilizarse en el manejo de la especie. Se analizó la abundancia y estructura de O. cernua en nueve parcelas permanentes (100 m x 100 m) y 24 transectos (40 m x 100 m). El análisis de los registros sobre crecimiento en diámetro, mostró que el incremento anual medio y el incremento anual máximo, alcanzan un valor máximo de 9.5 y 17.4 mm/año, ambos en la clase diamétrica de 25 a 30 cm. Tomando como base ambos incrementos, el tiempo necesario para que un árbol alcance diámetros >30 cm DAP, sería de 60 y 34 años, respectivamente. Basado en factores de competencia entre árboles, el modelo de crecimiento ajustado estima que la tasa máxima de crecimiento en diámetro anual es 2.10, 1.28 y 0.50 cm para árboles con baja, media y alta competencia. Esta tasa máxima de crecimiento ocurre cuando los árboles cuentan con DAP que oscilan entre 21.10, 20.28 y 20.50 cm, para baja, media y alta competencia, respectivamente; sin embargo, el tiempo que requiere un árbol para obtener dichos diámetros varía enormemente, con valores de 12.31 cm para baja competencia, 20.35 para media competencia y 54.51 años para alta competencia.

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Ocotea cernua (Nees) Mez "moena negra" is a commercial species that thrives in alluvial floodplain forests in the Peruvian Amazon. This study presents information about diameter growth of O. cernua and provides useful information for its forest management. The stand density and structure was analysed in nine permanent sample plots (100 m x 100 m) and 24 transects (40 m x 100 m). Analysis of tree diameters at different time indicates maximum values of 9.5 and 17.4 mm/year for the average annual diameter increment and the maximum annual diameter increment respectively; both into 25 ‒ 30 cm diameter classes. Considering this increments, a tree will reach a diameter higher than 30 cm DAP, in 60 to 34 years respectively. Estimations of the adjusted model showed the maximum annual growth increment estimated in 2.10, 1.28 and 0.50 cm for trees with low, medium and high competition, corresponding to trees with DBHs of 21.10, 20.28 and 20.50 cm for trees with low, medium and high competition, respectively. However, the time required to reach such diameters is highly variable with values of 12.31, 20.35 and 54.51 years, respectively.

RESUMEN

Sepsis is a complex systemic inflammatory syndrome, the most common cause of which is attributed to systemic underlying bacterial infection. The complete mechanisms of the dynamic pro- and anti-inflammatory processes underlying the pathophysiology of sepsis remain poorly understood. Natural killer (NK) cells play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of sepsis, leading to exaggerated inflammation due their rapid response and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interferon gamma (IFN-γ). Several studies have already shown that NK cells undergo lymphopenia in the peripheral blood of patients with sepsis. However, our understanding of the mechanisms behind its cellular trafficking and its role in disease development is restricted to studies in animal models. In this study, we aimed to compare the human NK cell subset (CD56bright or dim) levels in the peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of sepsis patients. We conducted a case-control study with a sample size consisting of 10 control patients and 23 sepsis patients enrolled at the Hospital Cajuru (Curitiba/PR, Brazil) from 2013 to 2015. Although we were able to confirm previous observations of peripheral blood lymphopenia, no significant differences were detected in NK cell levels in the BAL fluid of these patients. Overall, these findings strengthened the evidence that peripheral blood lymphopenia is likely to be associated with cell death as a consequence of sepsis.

Asunto(s)

Líquido del Lavado Bronquioalveolar/citología , Células Asesinas Naturales/citología , Sepsis/patología , Adulto , Anciano , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Sepsis/sangre

RESUMEN

El consumo de probióticos se ha asociado con mejoras en algunos parámetros productivos como la conversión alimenticia y la ganancia de peso vivo, lo que se ve reflejado en el desarrollo y salud de las aves. el objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la influencia de la inclusión de cepas probióticas en la alimentación de pollos de engorde sobre parámetros productivos de importancia económica. se utilizaron 180 pollos machos (Cobb) de un día de edad, alimentados con cinco dietas: dieta comercial con y sin la adición de antibióticos, y a esta última se le adicionó una de tres diferentes cepas probióticas (Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus acidophilus o Enterococcus faecium) en el agua de bebida (10(8) UFC/ml) durante 42 días. se evaluaron parámetros zootécnicos: consumo de alimento, peso corporal, conversón alimenticia (CA) y ganancia de peso (GDP); e indicadores productivos: supervivencia, factor de eficiencia americana (Fea), índice productivo (IP), eficiencia europea (EE) y eficiencia alimenticia (EA). El diseño estadístico utilizado fue de bloques al azar. La inclusión de probióticos, específicamente E. faecium, mejoró parámetros productivos (P < 0,05) como peso (2.730 g), conversión (1,55), GDP (53,59 g/día), FEA (172), iP (393), EE (400) y EA (63,11%). Por todo lo anterior, la utilización de probióticos, especialmente E. faecium, puede ser considerada como factor promotor de crecimiento durante todo el ciclo de producción del ave debido a que demostró tener efectos positivos, tanto en el desempeño productivo, como en el rendimiento económico del lote.

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The intake of probiotics has been associated with improvements in production parameters such as feed conversion and body weight gain, which is reflected in the development and health of broilers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of probiotic strains in broiler feed on growth performance of economic importance. 180 one-day-old male chicks (Cobb) were used and fed with five diets: Commercial diet with and without the addition of antibiotic, to which was added one of three different probiotic strains (Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus acidophilus or Enterococcus faecium) in the drinking water (108 CFU/ml) of animals over 42 days. Were evaluated zootechnical parameters: Feed intake, body weight, feed conversion (FC), weight gain (WG); and productive indicators: mortality, american efficiency factor (AFE), production index (PI), european efficiency (EE) y feed efficiency (FE). The statistical design used was a randomized blok. The inclusion of probiotics, specifically E. faecium, improved production parameters (P < 0.05) like: weight (2730 g), conversion (1.55), WG (53.59 g/day), AFE (172), PI (393), EE (400) and AE (63.11%). Therefore, the use of probiotics, especially E. faecium, can be considered as growth promoters throughout the production cycle because the bird proved to have positive effects on productive performance and economic performance of the batch.

RESUMEN

Histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) is an enigmatic glycoprotein able to interact with a variety of ligands such as IgG, complement components, heparan sulfate, thrombospondin, fibrinogen and plasminogen. HRG is present at high concentrations in plasma and there is evidence indicating that it is able to modulate the course of biological processes such as angiogenesis, fibroblast proliferation, complement activation, coagulation and fibrinolysis. Because these processes are involved in the pathogeneses of lung fibrosis we here analyzed a possible link between HRG and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We found that plasma concentrations of HRG are significantly diminished in IPF patients compared to healthy subjects. Moreover, we found a positive correlation between HRG plasma levels and forced vital capacity (FVC) values, suggesting that plasma concentration of HRG would be a useful indicator of disease activity in IPF. HRG has been described as a negative acute phase reactant able to accumulate at sites of tissue injury. Hence, we also measured the concentrations of HRG in BAL samples from IPF patients. We found that the concentrations of HRG in samples from IPF patients were significantly higher compared to controls, suggesting that the reduced concentration of HRG in plasma from IPF patients could be due, at least in part, to an enhanced uptake of this protein in the lung.

Asunto(s)

Fibrosis Pulmonar Idiopática/diagnóstico , Proteínas/metabolismo , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Líquido del Lavado Bronquioalveolar/química , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Femenino , Humanos , Fibrosis Pulmonar Idiopática/fisiopatología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Fumar/efectos adversos , Fumar/fisiopatología , Capacidad Vital/fisiología

RESUMEN

Alteration of multidrug resistance-associated protein-1 (MRP1) expression has been associated with certain lung diseases, and this protein may be pivotal in protecting the lungs against endogenous or exogenous toxic compounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the expression of MRP1 in bronchoalveolar cells from subjects with and without lung cancer who had been chronically exposed to arsenic through drinking water. MRP1 expression was assessed in bronchoalveolar cells in a total of 102 participants. MRP1 expression was significantly decreased in those with arsenic urinary levels >50 µg/L when compared with the controls. In conclusion, chronic arsenic exposure negatively correlates with the expression of MRP1 in BAL cells in patients with lung cancer.

Asunto(s)

Arsénico/toxicidad , Líquido del Lavado Bronquioalveolar , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Proteínas Asociadas a Resistencia a Múltiples Medicamentos/metabolismo , Adulto , Anciano , Arsénico/orina , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Agua Potable , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/efectos adversos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , México , Persona de Mediana Edad

RESUMEN

Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) is an endogenous lipid mediator with potent anti-inflammatory actions but its role in infectious processes is not well understood. We investigated the involvement of LXA4 and its receptor FPR2/ALX in the septic inflammatory dysregulation. Pneumosepsis was induced in mice by inoculation of Klebsiella pneumoniae. LXA4 levels and FPR2/ALX expression in the infectious focus as well as the effects of treatment with receptor agonists (LXA4 and BML-111) and antagonists (BOC-2 and WRW(4)) in early (1h) and late (24h) sepsis were studied. Sepsis induced an early increase in LXA4, FPR2/ALX lung expression, local and systemic infection and inflammation, and mortality. Treatment with BOC-2 in early sepsis increased leukocyte migration to the focus, and reduced bacterial load and dissemination. Inhibition of 5- and 15-lipoxygenase in early sepsis also increased leukocyte migration. Early treatment with WRW(4) and BOC-2 improved survival. Treatment with authentic LXA4 or BML-111 in early sepsis decreased cell migration and worsened the infection. In late sepsis, treatment with BOC-2 had no effect, but LXA4 improved the survival rate by reducing the excessive inflammatory response, this effect being abolished by pretreatment with BOC-2. Thus, the anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution mediator LXA4 and its receptor FPR2/ALX levels were increased in the early phase of sepsis, contributing to the septic inflammatory dysregulation. In addition, LXA4 has a dual role in sepsis and that its beneficial or harmful effects are critically dependent on the time. Therefore, a proper interference with LXA4 system may be a new therapeutic avenue to treat sepsis.

Asunto(s)

Infecciones por Klebsiella/inmunología , Klebsiella pneumoniae/inmunología , Lipoxinas/metabolismo , Pulmón/inmunología , Sepsis/inmunología , Animales , Carga Bacteriana/efectos de los fármacos , Movimiento Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Ácidos Heptanoicos/administración & dosificación , Ácidos Heptanoicos/farmacología , Interleucina-1beta/sangre , Infecciones por Klebsiella/complicaciones , Lipoxinas/administración & dosificación , Lipoxinas/inmunología , Pulmón/efectos de los fármacos , Pulmón/microbiología , Masculino , Ratones , Oligopéptidos/administración & dosificación , Oligopéptidos/farmacología , Receptores de Formil Péptido/agonistas , Receptores de Formil Péptido/antagonistas & inhibidores , Sepsis/etiología , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/sangre

RESUMEN

O presente estudo teve como objetivo apresentar os resultados de pesquisa de positividade do microorganismo Proteus mirabilis em camundongos das linhagens C57BL/6, BALB/c e BALB/c Nude, originários do setor de criação de camundongos livres de patógenos específicos (SPF) do Centro de Bioterismo da Faculdade de Medicina da USP e relatar a importância do isolamento deste microorganismo em colônias de animais. Para tanto, amostras de fezes de 71 camundongos da linhagem C57BL/6, 48 camundongos da linhagem BALB/c e 26 camundongos da linhagem BALB/c Nude, foram semeadas em meios específicos para bactérias gram negativas e diagnosticado no Enterokit B da Probac do Brasil. Nossos resultados mostraram que, as linhagens de camundongos C57BL/6, BALB/c e BALB/c Nude apresentaram P.mirabilis nas fezes, nas porcentagens de 80,3%, 62,5% e 73,1% respectivamente, sendo inadequadas para utilização em protocolos experimentais das áreas de radiobiologia, imunologia, oncologia e cirurgias experimentais invasivas, por interferirem potencialmente nos resultados destas áreas. CEUA nº 251/11.

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This study aimed to present the positive results of Proteus mirabilis research from strains inbred mice C57BL/6, BALB/c and BALB/c Nude, originating from the sector of Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) mice - Animal Facilities of Faculdade de Medicina (USP – University of São Paulo) and report the importance of isolation of this microorganism in colonies of animals. For this, stool samples from: 71 C57BL/6, 48 BALB/c and 26 BALB /c Nude inbred mice, were inoculated in cultural bacteria specific media and diagnosed in the B Enterokit Probac-Brasil. Our results showed that the strains of C57BL/6, BALB/c and BALB/c Nude presented P.mirabilis in stool, percentages of 80.3%, 62.5% and 73.1% respectively, being unsuitable for use in experimental protocols in the fields of radiobiology, immunology, oncology, and experimental invasive surgeries by interfering mainly on the results of these areas. CEUA No. 251/11.

Asunto(s)

Animales , Ratones , Ratones/microbiología , Heces/microbiología , Proteus mirabilis/patogenicidad , Benchmarking

RESUMEN

O presente estudo teve como objetivo apresentar os resultados de pesquisa de positividade do microorganismo Proteus mirabilis em camundongos das linhagens C57BL/6, BALB/c e BALB/c Nude, originários do setor de criação de camundongos livres de patógenos específicos (SPF) do Centro de Bioterismo da Faculdade de Medicina da USP e relatar a importância do isolamento deste microorganismo em colônias de animais. Para tanto, amostras de fezes de 71 camundongos da linhagem C57BL/6, 48 camundongos da linhagem BALB/c e 26 camundongos da linhagem BALB/c Nude, foram semeadas em meios específicos para bactérias gram negativas e diagnosticado no Enterokit B da Probac do Brasil. Nossos resultados mostraram que, as linhagens de camundongos C57BL/6, BALB/c e BALB/c Nude apresentaram P.mirabilis nas fezes, nas porcentagens de 80,3%, 62,5% e 73,1% respectivamente, sendo inadequadas para utilização em protocolos experimentais das áreas de radiobiologia, imunologia, oncologia e cirurgias experimentais invasivas, por interferirem potencialmente nos resultados destas áreas. CEUA nº 251/11.(AU)

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This study aimed to present the positive results of Proteus mirabilis research from strains inbred mice C57BL/6, BALB/c and BALB/c Nude, originating from the sector of Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) mice - Animal Facilities of Faculdade de Medicina (USP University of São Paulo) and report the importance of isolation of this microorganism in colonies of animals. For this, stool samples from: 71 C57BL/6, 48 BALB/c and 26 BALB /c Nude inbred mice, were inoculated in cultural bacteria specific media and diagnosed in the B Enterokit Probac-Brasil. Our results showed that the strains of C57BL/6, BALB/c and BALB/c Nude presented P.mirabilis in stool, percentages of 80.3%, 62.5% and 73.1% respectively, being unsuitable for use in experimental protocols in the fields of radiobiology, immunology, oncology, and experimental invasive surgeries by interfering mainly on the results of these areas. CEUA No. 251/11.(AU)

Asunto(s)

Animales , Ratones , Proteus mirabilis/patogenicidad , Heces/microbiología , Ratones/microbiología , Benchmarking

RESUMEN

Após a constatação da escassez de estudos realizados com vegetais crus na busca por novas estirpes de bactérias láticas (BAL) produtoras de bacteriocinas e diante do potencial tecnológico da aplicação destas cepas tanto como agentes de conservação em alimento, bem como cultura probiótica em alimentos funcionais, este estudo objetivou isolar e identificar cepas de bactérias láticas potencialmente bacteriocinogênicas de amostras de rúcula obtidas no comércio local de São Paulo, SP - Brasil, identificar e caracterizar as bacteriocinas produzidas pelos isolados e avaliar o potencial probiótico dos isolados testando sua sobrevivência no modelo dinâmico do trato gastrointestinal TNO gastro-Intestinal Model - TIM-1 disponível no TNO (The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research) divisão Quality of Life (Zeist, Holanda). A produção de bacteriocinas neste modelo também foi avaliada, comparando-se com L. sakei 2a, também produtora de bacteriocinas e ainda avaliou-se a interferência na viabilidade de E. faecium LMA1. A cepa Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis MK02R de rúcula produziu uma bacteriocina sensível à enzimas proteolíticas, termoestável e não influenciada pelo pH, sendo capaz de inibir Enterococcus faecium, Lactobacillus sakei, Listeria innocua, Lactobacillus delbrueckii e Listeria Monocytogenes de diferentes grupos sorológicos. Os ensaios genéticos utilizando primers Nisf e Nisr confirmaram que a bacteriocina MK02R é uma nisina, apresentando uma alteração dos aminoácidos no peptídeo líder em relação às nisinas A, Z, Q, F e U, porém com a estrutura do peptídeo maduro idêntica ao da nisina F. Estes resultados foram confirmados por espectrometria de massas de amostras purificadas por HPLC. L. lactis MK02R resistiu à passagem no modelo dinâmico TIM-1, apresentando uma alta capacidade de sobreviver nas condições simuladas do trato gastrointestinal humano. Entretanto, não foi capaz de causar a redução no número de E. faecium LMA1. Em contrapartida, L. sakei 2a, mesmo apresentando uma sobrevivência menor, foi capaz de causar uma redução de 70% na população de E. faecium LMA1 no ambiente simulado do TGI. Não foi detectada atividade residual da ação antimicrobiana das bacteriocinas produzidas por L. lactis MK02R ou L. sakei 2a após a passagem pelo modelo dinâmico TIM-1. Estes resultados evidenciam a possível aplicação de L. lactis MK02R como um agente de controle biológico na conservação de alimentos e também como uma cultura potencialmente probiótica

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Given the scarcity of studies performed with raw vegetables addressing the search for new bacteriocinogenic strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and considering the technological application of these strains as food preservatives and probiotic cultures in functional foods, this study was aimed at isolation and identification of bacteriocinogenic LAB strains from samples of rocket salad obtained in the local market of São Paulo, SP - Brazil, subsequent characterization of the bacteriocins produced by these LABs and evaluation of their probiotic potential by testing their survival in the dynamic gastrointestinal model TNO gastro- Intestinal-Model - TIM-1, available at the TNO (Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research) Quality of Life division (Zeist, Netherlands). The studies in the TIM-1 model were also done with another bacteriocinogenic strain L. sakei 2a for comparison, evaluating their interference on the viability of E. faecium LMA1. The bacteriocin produced by strain Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis MK02R isolated from rocket salad was sensitive to proteolytic enzymes, heat-stable and not influenced by the pH. The bacteriocin inhibited the growth of Enterococcus faecium, Lactobacillus sakei, Listeria innocua, Lactobacillus delbrueckii the primers Nisf and Nisr indicated that the bacteriocin produced by the strain MK02R is a nisin, with a change in the amino acid sequence of the leader peptide when compared to nisin A, Z, Q, U and F, but with the structure of the mature peptide homologous to that of nisin F. These results were confirmed by mass spectrometry of purified samples obtained by HPLC. L. lactis MK02R withstood the test in the dynamic model TIM-1, presenting capability to survive in the simulated conditions of the human gastrointestinal tract. However, the strain was not able to cause a reduction in the number of E. faecium LMA1. On the other hand, L. sakei 2a, even presenting lower survival, was able to cause 70% reduction in the population of E. faecium LMA1 in the gut simulated environment. No residual antimicrobial activity of bacteriocin produced by L. lactis MK02R or L. sakei 2a was detected after the transit through the dynamic model TIM-1. These results demonstrate the possible application of L. lactis MK02R both as a biocontrol agent in food preservation and as a potentially probiotic culture

Asunto(s)

Bacteriocinas/análisis , Cochlearia armoracia/farmacología , Lactococcus lactis/crecimiento & desarrollo , Plantas/efectos adversos , Ácido Láctico , Probióticos/farmacología , Tracto Gastrointestinal , Nisina

RESUMEN

Con el fin de conocer el patrón de susceptibilidad antimicrobial en la población equina activa, se extrajeron treinta y ocho muestras de lavados traqueo-bronquiales trans-endoscópico de equinos alojados en el hipódromo Nacional de Santa Rita ubicado en municipio Santa Rita del estado Zulia, Venezuela; de ambos sexos, adultos, sin lesiones y sin evidencia clínica de ninguna enfermedad respiratoria, seleccionados al azar; dichas secreciones obtenidas fueron remitidas al laboratorio bacteriológico para su cultivo y antibiograma, donde se probaron 25 antimicrobianos diferentes, para pruebas de susceptibilidad antimicrobiana. En todos los ejemplares muestreados se aisló al menos una bacteria aeróbica. Hubo aislamientos mixtos de dos o tres bacterias, lo más común fueron los aislamientos dobles (68,42%); de las especies bacterianas aisladas con mayor frecuencia la Pseudomona aeruginosa 28 veces (73,68%), Escherichia coli 13 veces (32,21%) y Klebsiella pneumoniae 10 veces (26,32%). Se realizaron tablas de frecuencias para la proporción de susceptibilidad de las bacterias respiratorias a los agentes antimicrobiales, con el procedimiento FREQ para el cálculo de frecuencias del SAS. Se determinó que la P. aeruginosa y la E. coli fueron sensibles a 11 y resistentes a 14 antimicrobianos de los 25 antimicrobianos probados in vitro; la K. pneumoniae fue sensible a 19 antimicrobianos y solo resistente a 6 de los 25 antimicrobianos probados in vitro. La P. aeruginosa y la E. coli fueron sensibles a dos de los tres aminoglicósidos probados, en cambio la K. pneumoniae fue sensible a los tres aminoglicósidos. La mayoría de las cepas de estas bacterias aeróbicas conseguidas en este hipódromo, fueron resistentes a los b-lactámicos, combinaciones de ellos o cefalosporinas (de primera y segunda generación).

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With the purpose of knowing the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in the active equine population, thirty eight samples of traqueo-bronchial trans-endoscopic washings were extracted of horses housed in the Santa Rita National Race Track located in Santa Rita Municipality of the Zulia State, Venezuela; of both sexes, adults, without injuries and clinical evidence of any pulmonary disease, selected at random; these obtained secretions were sent to the bacteriological laboratory for their culture and antibiotic test, where 25 different antibiotics were proven, for tests of antimicrobial susceptibility. In all the units samples at least one aerobic bacterium was isolated. There were mixed isolations of two or three bacteria, commonest were the double isolations (68; 42%); of the isolated bacterial species most frequently were the Pseudomona aeruginosa 28 times (73; 68%), Escherichia coli 13 times (32; 21%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae 10 times (26; 32%).Tables of frequencies for the proportion of susceptibility of the respiratory bacteria to the antimicrobiales agents were made with procedure FREQ for the calculation of frequencies of the SAS. Was determined that the P. aeruginosa and the E. coli were sensible to 11 and resistant to 14 antibiotics of 25 antibiotics proven in vitro; the K. pneumoniae was sensible to 19 antibiotics and single resistant to 6 of 25 antibiotics proven in vitro. The P. aeruginosa and the E. coli sensible to two of the three were aminoglicosids proven ones; however the K. pneumoniae was sensible to the three aminoglicósidos ones. Most of the stocks of these obtained aerobics bacteria in this race course, were resistant to the b-lactámics, combinations of them or cefalosporinas (of first and second generation).