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When using ground-based synthetic aperture radar (GB-SAR) for monitoring open-pit mines, dynamic atmospheric conditions can interfere with the propagation speed of electromagnetic waves, resulting in atmospheric phase errors. These errors are particularly complex in rapidly changing weather conditions or steep terrain, significantly impacting monitoring accuracy. In such scenarios, traditional regression model-based atmospheric phase correction (APC) methods often become unsuitable. To address this issue, this paper proposes a clustering method based on the spatial autocorrelation function. First, the interferogram is uniformly divided into multiple blocks, and the phase consistency of each block is evaluated using the spatial autocorrelation function. Then, a region growing algorithm is employed to classify each block according to its phase pattern, followed by merging adjacent blocks based on statistical data. To verify the feasibility of the proposed method, both the traditional regression model-based method and the proposed method were applied to deformation monitoring of an open-pit mine in Northwest China. The experimental results show that for complex atmospheric phase scenarios, the proposed method significantly outperformed traditional methods, demonstrating its superiority.
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This manuscript describes the potentially significant role of interfacial tension in viral infection. Our hypothesis is based on evidence from drop coalescence hydrodynamics. A change in membrane tension can trigger fusion between the vesicle and cell such that genetic material, like viral RNA, can subsequently be transported to the cell interior. In other cases, RNA may reside near the cell membrane inside the cell, which could make their removal energetically unfavorable because of hydrodynamic interactions between membrane and RNA. Interfacial tension of the virus membrane can be modulated by temperature, among many other factors, of the mucosa layer. We discuss our hypothesis within the scope of recent SARS-CoV-2 studies where temperature-dependent membrane surface tension could be impacted through different atmospheric conditions, air conditioning systems, and the use of masks.
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BACKGROUND: In-flight conditions are hypothesized to influence the timing and success of long-distance migration. Wind assistance and thermal uplift are thought to reduce the energetic costs of flight, humidity, air pressure and temperature may affect the migrants' water balance, and clouds may impede navigation. Recent advances in animal-borne long-distance tracking enable evaluating the importance of these factors in determining animals' flight altitude. METHODS: Here we determine the effects of wind, humidity, temperature, cloud cover, and altitude (as proxy for climbing costs and air pressure) on flight altitude selection of two long-distance migratory shorebirds, far eastern curlew (Numenius madagascariensis) and whimbrel (Numenius phaeopus). To reveal the predominant drivers of flight altitude selection during migration we compared the atmospheric conditions at the altitude the birds were found flying with conditions elsewhere in the air column using conditional logistic mixed effect models. RESULTS: Our results demonstrate that despite occasional high-altitude migrations (up to 5550 m above ground level), our study species typically forego flying at high altitudes, limiting climbing costs and potentially alleviating water loss and facilitating navigation. While mainly preferring migrating at low altitude, notably in combination with low air temperature, the birds also preferred flying with wind support to likely reduce flight costs. They avoided clouds, perhaps to help navigation or to reduce the risks from adverse weather. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the primary determinant of avian migrant's flight altitude selection is a preference for low altitude, with wind support as an important secondary factor. Our approach and findings can assist in predicting climate change effects on migration and in mitigating bird strikes with air traffic, wind farms, power lines, and other human-made structures.
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Atmospheric parameters play a vital role in the dispersion of air pollutants. Benzene is a confirmed human carcinogen. It is also a neurotoxin and an irritant compound. The objective of this study was to examine the CFD simulation by Fluent16 software to simulate and analyze the effect of atmospheric conditions on the dispersion of benzene in eight different scenarios in a petroleum refinery. According to the results of this study, the highest and lowest impacts of atmospheric parameters occurred on spring days and autumn nights, respectively. Wind direction did not have a significant effect on the benzene distribution due to the artificial ceiling of piping installations in the computational domain. However, the wind speed had a critical role in the benzene dispersion. The maximum concentration occurred at 36- to 37-m distance from the inlet boundary for all scenarios except winter nights. On winter nights, this distance increased to 38 m. Benzene concentrations were the highest at their sources of release. They decreased after the artificial ceiling of the pipelines was at 5.5- to 7-m height where the air displacement was not sufficient, and therefore, leading to a gradual reduction in concentration. The accumulation of benzene concentration in the small domain was noticeable compared to the benzene concentration distributed in the total computational domain, and the authors recommended control measures in this domain. This study demonstrated CFD simulation methodology could enable the investigators to predict the benzene concentration dispersion in the atmosphere of a petroleum refinery plant. These findings can be used by occupational health engineers for health risk assessment of refinery personnel involved with maintenance operations and engineering control systems.
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The aim of this paper was to select atmospheric factors and their values, which may disrupt the correct behavior and physiological condition of recreational horses. The studies were carried out from 1 July until 1 September on 16 Anglo-Arabian geldings. Each day, from 09.00 to 10.00 hours, the horses worked under saddle. The riders and the authors gave a qualitative behavioral assessment for each horse. Mood and willingness to work were evaluated. The quantitative assessment was called 'incorrect behavior of the horse while riding' (IBHR). The percentage time of duration and the number of occurrences of the features while riding were calculated. Heart rate, body temperature and respiratory rate were taken at 08.00 hours (resting measurement) and at 10.05 hours (post-exercise measurement). Air temperature, relative air humidity, wind speed and atmospheric pressure were measured at 08.00 and 10.00 hours. The results showed that adverse changes in the behavior of recreational horses can occur if the horse is ridden when the air temperature is above 26°C and when wind speeds exceed 5.5 m/s. Such conditions may cause a reduction in the mood and willingness to work in horses. Physiological parameters like heart rate and body temperature seem to be more sensitive indicators of the horse body reaction to the weather than behavioral reactions.
Asunto(s)
Atmósfera , Conducta Animal/fisiología , Caballos/fisiología , Caballos/psicología , Estaciones del Año , Afecto , Animales , Presión Atmosférica , Temperatura Corporal , Conducta Cooperativa , Frecuencia Cardíaca , Humedad , Masculino , Recreación , Respiración , Temperatura , VientoRESUMEN
Insect drift on shore of lakes and seas is a relative common phenomenon although apparently not frequently reported in the literature. Here we review the worldwide occurrence of insect drift with emphasis on Heteroptera, and speculate on possible causes to explain such phenomenon. The dramatic drift of million of specimens of the pentatomid Mayrinia curvidens (Mayr) on the shore of the southern coast of the Atlantic ocean in Brazil is reported for the first time. This drift, previously observed to occur in the mid 70s on the coast of Paraná state with minor intensity (A.R. Panizzi, unpublished) was again observed on January 2006 along the Atlantic coast of Paraná (latitude 25º 45 S), where an estimated population of 16 to 18 million of dead specimens of the bug were observed forming a windrow for at least 15 km along the ocean shore. The circumstances of such event are analyzed in detail considering meteorological data and the possible build up of populations of the bug on cultivated and non-cultivated host plants along the coast of the states of Paraná and Santa Catarina.
A deriva de insetos nas margens de lagos e mares é um fenômeno relativamente comum, embora aparentemente não seja relatado na literatura com freqüência. Procedeu-se a uma revisão sobre a deriva de insetos com ênfase sobre os casos relatados para percevejos (Heteroptera), e especulou-se sobre as possíveis causas para explicar esse fenômeno. O caso impressionante da deriva de populações do pentatomídeo Mayrinia curvidens (Mayr) nas praias do oceano Atlântico no Sul do Brasil é relatado pela primeira vez. Essa deriva, observada previamente em menor intensidade em meados da década de 1970 (A.R. Panizzi, não-publicado), foi constatada novamente em janeiro de 2006 ao longo da costa do Oceano Atlântico no Paraná (latitude 25º 45 S), onde uma população estimada de 16 a 18 milhões de exemplares mortos foram encontrados formando uma faixa de pelo menos 15 km de extensão ao longo da praia. As circunstâncias que ocasionaram esse evento são analisadas em detalhe considerando-se dados meteorológicos e o possível aumento das populações do percevejo em plantas hospedeiras cultivadas e não-cultivadas ao longo da costa do Paraná e de Santa Catarina.