RESUMEN
An experiment was designed to delineate the efficacy of a dietary mixture of selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) and riboflavin (RF) on the thermal efficiency/tolerance of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus reared under arsenic (2.8â¯mg/L) and high-temperature (34⯰C) stress. A green synthesis method was employed for the synthesis of Se-NPs using fish gills, which are normally discarded as by-products. Four isocaloric and iso-nitrogenous experimental diets were used, namely, a control diet (Se-NPs and RF @ 0â¯mg/kg diet) and diets containing RF @ 5, 10 or 15â¯mg/kg diet and Se-NPs @ 0.5â¯mg/kg diet, and feeding was performed for 95 days. At the end of the feeding trial, the thermal tolerance was evaluated by determination of the following parameters: critical thermal minimum (CTMin), lethal thermal minimum (LTMin), critical thermal maximum (CTMax), and lethal thermal maximum (LTMax). The anti-oxidative status in the form of catalase (CAT), glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities was significantly (pâ¯<â¯0.01) enhanced upon concurrent exposure to arsenic and high temperature at LTMin and LTMax, whereas a non-significant (pâ¯>â¯0.05) change in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was observed in the brain at LTMin and brain, gill and kidney at LTMax. Supplementation with Se-NPs @ 0.5â¯mg/kg diet and RF @ 5, 10 or 15â¯mg/kg diet significantly (pâ¯<â¯0.01) improved the anti-oxidative status with or without stressors. AChE activity in the brain was significantly (pâ¯<â¯0.01) inhibited upon concurrent exposure to arsenic and high temperature and improved in the treatment group supplemented with Se-NPs and RF. The arsenic concentration in muscle and experimental water and Se concentration in muscle and experimental feed were analysed. Overall, the results indicated that supplementation with RF @ 5â¯mg/kg diet and Se-NPs @ 0.5â¯mg/kg diet could confer protection to the fish against arsenic and thermal stress and led to enhanced thermal efficiency/tolerance of P. hypophthalmus.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/administración & dosificación , Arsénico/toxicidad , Suplementos Dietéticos , Calor/efectos adversos , Nanopartículas/administración & dosificación , Riboflavina/administración & dosificación , Selenio/administración & dosificación , Alimentación Animal , Animales , Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Bagres/fisiología , Dieta/veterinaria , Branquias/efectos de los fármacos , Branquias/metabolismo , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Riñón/metabolismo , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/metabolismo , Estrés Fisiológico/efectos de los fármacos , Termotolerancia/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Emerging evidence indicates that vitamin D has anti-oxidative properties. The present study investigates whether serum 25hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] is associated with biomarkers of anti-oxidative status in community-dwelling older adults using cross-sectional and longitudinal data. METHODS: A total of 302 subjects aged 62 to 92â¯years from Germany (50.6°N) were analysed via cross-sectional approach. For longitudinal analysis, data of 153 subjects were available. Fasting blood samples from 2004 and 2012 were analysed for 25(OH)D concentrations, total anti-oxidative status (TAOS) as well as anti-oxidative enzymes, such as catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Multiple regression analyses were performed to examine the associations between 25(OH)D and parameters of anti-oxidative status. RESULTS: In cross-sectional analyses, 25(OH)D was a significant predictor of CAT (ßâ¯=â¯-0.166; Pâ¯=â¯0.010), lg10 GPx (ßâ¯=â¯0.136; Pâ¯=â¯0.037) and TAOS (ßâ¯=â¯0.121; Pâ¯=â¯0.048) after adjusting for age, sex, percentage total body fat (TBF), month of blood sampling, smoking behaviour and use of vitamin D supplements. Longitudinal change in 25(OH)D concentration positively predicted change in TAOS (ßâ¯=â¯0.224; Pâ¯=â¯0.006) after adjusting for sex, baseline TAOS, age, smoking behaviour, use of vitamin D supplements and change in TBF, physical activity level, current time spent outdoors and dietary vitamin D intake. CONCLUSION: The maintenance of an adequate vitamin D status may have a beneficial impact on the anti-oxidative defence system in older adults on a long-term perspective.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/sangre , Vitamina D/análogos & derivados , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Catalasa/sangre , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Alemania , Glutatión Peroxidasa/sangre , Humanos , Modelos Lineales , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estrés Oxidativo , Superóxido Dismutasa/sangre , Vitamina D/sangreRESUMEN
The aims of this study were to determine the presence and quantities of antioxidative status and oxidative stress (OS) variables in the seminal plasma and spermatozoa of bulls of varying age during cold and warm periods of the year, and to establish the correlation of these variables with semen quality parameters. The study was conducted on two groups each comprising nine Simmental bulls: one group contained younger animals (aged 2 to 4 years) and the second older animals (aged 5 to 10 years). Semen samples were collected using an artificial vagina for biochemical analysis. Seminal plasma and spermatozoa activities of total superoxide dismutase (TSOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), catalase (CAT), selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione and concentrations of total protein (TP), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and protein carbonyl content (PCC) were determined. Several antioxidants in seminal plasma were also determined: total glutathione peroxidase (TGSH-Px), selenium-independent glutathione peroxidase (Non-SeGSH-Px), uric acid, albumins (ALB) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Significantly higher spermatozoa motility was observed during the cold v. warm period, and a significantly higher volume and total number of spermatozoa per ejaculate was observed in older than in younger bulls. Significantly higher values of ALP, TP and ALB were found in seminal plasma of older bulls than in younger bulls during the warm period. The seminal plasma of younger bulls showed significantly higher activities of TSOD, MnSOD, CuZnSOD, TGSH-Px and Non-SeGSH-Px. Younger bulls had significantly higher PCC concentration and activity of CAT in seminal plasma than older bulls during the cold period. Significantly higher concentrations of PCC and TBARS, and activities of TSOD, MnSOD and CuZnSOD were established in spermatozoa of the younger than in older bulls during the warm period. It could be concluded that antioxidative and OS variables differ significantly depending on bull age and time of year. Younger bulls were more sensitive to elevated ambient temperatures during the warm period, when the higher enzymatic antioxidative protection in seminal plasma and spermatozoa were insufficient to counteract the intensive oxidative processes in spermatozoa, which eventually resulted in decreased spermatozoa motility. The estimation of antioxidative and OS variables in seminal plasma and spermatozoa may have practical value for the assessment of bull semen quality.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/fisiología , Bovinos/fisiología , Semen/fisiología , Factores de Edad , Animales , Cruzamiento , Frío , Calor , Masculino , Estrés Oxidativo , Carbonilación Proteica , Análisis de Semen/veterinaria , Espermatozoides/fisiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the possible protective role of naringenin in gentamicin-induced ototoxicity through an audiological, biochemical and histopathological evaluation. METHODS: This study was conducted on 32 adult male rats that were randomized into 4 groups(control, gentamicin, naringenin + gentamicin, and naringenin). Naringenin was given to the rats via oral gavage in a dose of 50 mg/kg/day during the 14 day study period. Gentamicin was given by the intraperitoneal route in a dose of 120 mg/kg/day. Audiological assessment was performed by the distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) and auditory brainstem response (ABR) measurements, applied to all rats at the beginning of the study, and also on day 14. Biochemical parameters were calculated on day 14 to evaluate the oxidative and antioxidative status. Their cochleae were removed and examined histopathologically, also on day 14. The cochlea of animals were evaluated with the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTPbiotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) method for apoptosis. RESULTS: On days 14, DPOAE values and ABR thresholds were preserved in group 3(naringenin + gentamicin) when compared with group 2(gentamicin)(p < 0.008). The total oxidant status values and oxidative stress index values were significantly higher in group 2(gentamicin) than in other groups (p < 0.008). The total antioxidant status value was significantly higher in group 3(naringenin + gentamicin) and group 4(naringenin) than in group 2(gentamicin)(p < 0.008). The number of TUNEL positive cells in both the organ of Corti and the stria vascularis were found to be statistically lower in group 3(naringenin + gentamicin) than in group 2(gentamicin)(p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our study has demonstrated that the ototoxic effect generated by gentamicin could be ameliorated with the concurrent use of naringenin.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/efectos adversos , Enfermedades del Oído/inducido químicamente , Potenciales Evocados Auditivos del Tronco Encefálico/efectos de los fármacos , Flavanonas/farmacología , Gentamicinas/efectos adversos , Emisiones Otoacústicas Espontáneas/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Cóclea/efectos de los fármacos , Oído Interno/efectos de los fármacos , Etiquetado Corte-Fin in Situ , Masculino , RatasRESUMEN
The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of oral carbohydrate with amino acid [oral nutritional supplement (ONS)] solution on oxidative stress in healthy persons. Fourteen healthy volunteers were segregated into control and ONS groups. Volunteers in the ONS group ingested 250 ml of Arginaid Water (Nestle Japan, Tokyo, Japan) in the evening before the experiment and at 7:00 am on the day of the experiment. Volunteers in the control group fasted after dinner and drank only water until 7:00 am on the day of the experiment. In both groups, blood was collected at 9:00 am. The serum total oxidant levels and antioxidant capacity were assessed by d-ROMs (derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites) test and BAP (biological antioxidant potential) test, respectively. In the ONS group, the serum d-ROMs level was significantly lower than in the control group (297 ± 43 and 327 ± 41 U.CARR, respectively, p = 0.018), while the serum BAP level was significantly higher than the control group (2410 ± 432 and 1979 ± 397 µmol/l, respectively, p = 0.005). The OXY level of Arginaid Water was much higher than preOp drink (Nutricia, Ireland). In conclusion, our study showed that an ONS with arginine loading could decrease oxidative stress and increase antioxidant capacity in healthy volunteers.
Asunto(s)
Aminoácidos/administración & dosificación , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Carbohidratos/administración & dosificación , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Estudios Cruzados , Ayuno , Humanos , Japón , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismoRESUMEN
The sources of variations that may cause physiological differences between blood serum biochemistry parameters of bulls have not been investigated in detail. Aim of the present study was to establish influence of different periods of the year and the age of breeding bulls on parameters of antioxidative status and oxidative stress in their serum and to correlate these monitored variables. Research was performed on two groups, each comprising 9 Simmental bulls: a younger group (YB) (aged 2-4 years) and older one (OB) (aged 5-10 years). Blood samples for biochemical analyses were collected from jugular vein in cold (CP) and warm periods (WP) of the year. Reduced glutathione (GSH), uric acid (UA), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), and protein carbonyl content (PCC) serum concentration were determined, as well as activities of selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se-GSH-Px), total superoxide dismutase (TSOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) and catalase (CAT). Serum values of SeGSH-Px, MnSOD, UA and TP in OB were significantly higher compared to those in YB during CP of the year. Significantly higher PCC concentration in serum of YB and OB were established in CP of the year than in WP. TBARS serum concentration in YB was significantly higher in comparison to that in OB during CP of the year. It can be concluded that both OB and YB show a great sensitivity to climate condition alterations during CP in comparison to WP of the year and that YB show even greater sensitivity.
Asunto(s)
Estrés Oxidativo/fisiología , Reproducción/fisiología , Factores de Edad , Animales , Catalasa/sangre , Bovinos , Glutatión/sangre , Glutatión Peroxidasa/sangre , Masculino , Carbonilación Proteica , Estaciones del Año , Albúmina Sérica , Superóxido Dismutasa/sangre , Sustancias Reactivas al Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/metabolismo , Ácido Úrico/sangreRESUMEN
This study aimed to determine the effects of dietary supplementation with vitamin C (l-ascorbic acid, AsA) on lead (Pb) accumulation and toxicity in sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus. Three hundred sea cucumbers (10.02±0.02g) fed a basal diet containing 100mg Pb/kg were subjected to 5 levels of l-ascorbate-2-polyphosphate (LAPP) supplementation to achieve 5 AsA treatment levels of 0, 2727, 4630, 9171, 13,893mg AsA/kg. After 30 days, specific growth rate (SGR) and body weight gain (BWG) of supplementation groups were significantly (P<0.05) higher than the control group. Pb contents of the intestine significantly (P<0.05) decreased from 20 days to 30 days in all supplementation groups. Pb contents of the respiratory tree in sea cucumbers in the 2727 and 4630mg AsA/kg treatment groups significantly (P<0.05) decreased from 10 days to 30 days. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) of the sea cucumber body wall in supplementation groups increased after 30 days. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content of the body wall significantly (P<0.05) declined with increasing AsA level. Therefore, it can be demonstrated that vitamin C could mitigate the effects of Pb on sea cucumber and the optimum levels ranged from 2727mg AsA/kg to 4630mg AsA/kg when Pb levels were 100mg/kg.