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Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), as one of the main components of green tea, has a variety of biological activities. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments widely demonstrate that EGCG has anticancer activities. The molecular mechanism of EGCG against cancer was much complicated, and EGCG suppressed tumor cell proliferation and/or induced cell apoptosis through multi-pathways. This paper reviewed the anticancer molecular mechanism of EGCG, including EGCG anti-oxidantion, prooxidation, retardant of tumor cell cycle, inhibition of tumor cell angiogenesis, inducement of cancer cell apoptosis, and regulation of microRNA, summarized the research progress of three strategies for improving bioavailability of EGCG: nano-packaging technology, synergistic application and molecular modification, and looked into research and development on anticancer activity of EGCG.

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Environmental stimuli can lead to the excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is one of the risk factors for premature skin aging. Here, we investigated the protective effects of 7-MEGATM 500 (50% palmitoleic acid, 7-MEGA) against oxidative stress-induced cellular damage and its underlying therapeutic mechanisms in the HaCaT human skin keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT cells). Our results showed that treatment with 7-MEGA prior to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced damage significantly increased the viability of HaCaT cells. 7-MEGA effectively attenuated generation of H2O2-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), and inhibited H2O2-induced inflammatory factors, such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß). In addition, cells treated with 7-MEGA exhibited significantly decreased expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and increased expression of procollagen type 1 (PCOL1) and Elastin against oxidative stress by H2O2. Interestingly, these protective activities of 7-MEGA were similar in scope and of a higher magnitude than those seen with 98.5% palmitoleic acid (PA) obtained from Sigma when given at the same concentration (100 nL/mL). According to our data, 7-MEGA is able to protect HaCaT cells from H2O2-induced damage through inhibiting cellular oxidative stress and inflammation. Moreover, 7-MEGA may affect skin elasticity maintenance and improve skin wrinkles. These findings indicate that 7-MEGA may be useful as a food supplement for skin health.

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Objective Cistanches Herba is a kind of tonic traditional Chinese medicine with several therapy effects including tonifying kidney-yin, anti-dementia, anti-aging and relaxing bowel. Phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs) are the major effective components in C. tubulosa. However, there were no further studies on molecular pharmacologic mechanisms due to its complex components and mechanism diversity of action in PhGs till to now. The aim of this study was to investigate the target protein groups and related mechanisms associated with PhGs in anticerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods The middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was established in rats, and the protective effects of PhGs on cerebral ischemia-induced injuries were determined. A kind of solid bead whose surface was cross-linked with PhGs was prepared to capture the target proteins from brain tissue lysates. The target proteins were further identified with LC-MS/MS. Results PhGs significantly inhibited cerebral ischemia-induced injuries by reducing ischemia size and rat behavioral scores and elevated the SOD levels in rat brain tissues. Eighteen target proteins were identified based on “target fishing” strategy and divided into 9 kinds according to their biological functions, including anti-oxidation, ion channel, immunoregulation, cell survival and cytoskeleton, etc. Conclusion These findings reveal the potential pharmacological mechanisms of PhGs in anti-dementia, fatigability alleviating, anti-tumor, immunoloregulation, etc, and also present a promising technology for investigating the complicated pharmacological mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine.

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AIM To explore the therapeutic effects of polysaccharide from Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge (PAA) on diabetic rats and potential mechanism of action.METHODS The rat model for diabetes was established by intraperitoneal injection of STZ (60 mg/kg),and sixty rats were assigned to control-,model-,glibenclamide-(25 mg/kg) groups and three groups of PAA-(50,100,200 mg/kg).Drugs were intragastrically administrated to rats once a day for 28 days.The rat body weight,glucose tolerance,fasting blood glucose (FBG),fasting insulin (FINS),IL-6,TNF-α,CAT,SOD,MDA,insulin receptor substrate (IRS1),Phospho-IRS1 and glucose transporter protein 4 (Glut4) were tested.RESULTS PAA could increase rat body weight and FINS level,reduce FBG level,and improve the glucose tolerance.The levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in serum,and MDA content in hepatic tissue were decreased,and the activities of CAT and SOD in hepatic tissue were increased.Meanwhile,PAA could also reduce the Phospho-IRS1 expression,and increase the Glut4 expression in hepatic tissue.CONCLUSION PAA has an anti-diabetic effect,whose mechanism is involved in anti-inflammatory,antioxidation,decreasing Phospho-IRS1 expression,and increasing Glut4 expression.

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AIM To explore the therapeutic effects of polysaccharide from Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge (PAA) on diabetic rats and potential mechanism of action.METHODS The rat model for diabetes was established by intraperitoneal injection of STZ (60 mg/kg),and sixty rats were assigned to control-,model-,glibenclamide-(25 mg/kg) groups and three groups of PAA-(50,100,200 mg/kg).Drugs were intragastrically administrated to rats once a day for 28 days.The rat body weight,glucose tolerance,fasting blood glucose (FBG),fasting insulin (FINS),IL-6,TNF-α,CAT,SOD,MDA,insulin receptor substrate (IRS1),Phospho-IRS1 and glucose transporter protein 4 (Glut4) were tested.RESULTS PAA could increase rat body weight and FINS level,reduce FBG level,and improve the glucose tolerance.The levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in serum,and MDA content in hepatic tissue were decreased,and the activities of CAT and SOD in hepatic tissue were increased.Meanwhile,PAA could also reduce the Phospho-IRS1 expression,and increase the Glut4 expression in hepatic tissue.CONCLUSION PAA has an anti-diabetic effect,whose mechanism is involved in anti-inflammatory,antioxidation,decreasing Phospho-IRS1 expression,and increasing Glut4 expression.

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OBJECTIVES: Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is a high-density lipoprotein-associated enzyme implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis by protecting lipoproteins against peroxidation. PON1 has two genetic polymorphisms both due to amino acid substitution, one involving glutamine and arginine at position 192 and the other leucine and methionine at position 55. Recent reports suggest that nephrolithiasis and atherosclerosis share a number of risk factors. Our study aimed to compare the effects of PON1 192, PON1 55 polymorphisms, and PON1 activity in patients with urolithiasis and controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS: PON1's arylesterase/paraoxonase activities and phenotype were determined in 158 stone forming cases (Group 1) and 138 non-stone forming controls (Group 2). The PON1 192 and PON1 55 polymorphisms were studied by polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS: Paraoxonase activity was significantly lower in Group 1 than Group 2 (112 ± 31.8 vs. 208 ± 53.1 IU/L) (p < 0.001). The PON1 L55M polymorphism was significantly higher in Group 1. The "M" allele coding for PON1 was higher in Group 1 (p < 0.001). PON1 192 RR homozygotes had significantly higher PON1 activity than QR and QQ genotypes among all the patients (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The results of our study demonstrate that the PON1 55 gene "M" allele is associated with renal stone disease. Individuals possessing the "M" allele have a higher incidence of urolithiasis. The results of this study provide genetic evidence that the PON1 gene may play a role in stone formation. PON1 genotype determination may provide a tool to identify individuals who are at risk of urolithiasis.

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Arildialquilfosfatasa/genética , Urolitiasis/enzimología , Urolitiasis/genética , Adulto , Alelos , Sustitución de Aminoácidos , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Frecuencia de los Genes , Genotipo , Humanos , Leucina/química , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Metionina/química , Persona de Mediana Edad , Polimorfismo de Longitud del Fragmento de Restricción , Factores de Riesgo , Turquía

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Mangiferin also called Chinonin or mango, is mainly extracted from the Anacardiaceae and Gentianaceae plants. As polyphenol compounds, Mangiferin shows a strong antioxidant activity and a variety of pharmacological effects. In recent years, laboratory study has identified a variety of pharmacological effects associated with Mangiferin including preventing diabetes and its complications, regulating lipid metabolism abnormalities, antitumor, cardiovascular protection,anti hyperuricemia, neuro-protection, anti oxidation, anti-inflammation, antipyresis and analgesia, anti-bacteria and antivirus, antiradiation, liver pro-tection, promoting skeletal growth, anti allergy and immune reg-ulation,etc. In this paper, the research progress of pharmacolog-ical effects of Mangiferin is reviewed, analyzed and summarized in order to provide reference for further research and develop-ment.

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The plants of genus Solanum L. contain alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, and other various chemical constituents which exhibit protective activity, antifungal, antiviral, antitumor, and anti-oxidant activities. This paper reviews the research survey of the chemical constituents and biological activities of the plants of Solanum L. from domestic and foreign over the last 20 years, and provides the relative reference for the further development of the plants in Solanum L.

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Objective: To compare the contents of three homoisoflavones and their anti-oxidative activity of Ophiopogon japonicus in Sichuan (OJS) and Zhejiang (OJZ). Methods: The determination was performed on ACQUITYTM UPLC BEH C18 column (100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm), the Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Photo-Diode Array (UPLC-PDA) technology was applied, and the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and 0.2% formic acid aqueous solution (55:45) with gradient elution program, flow rate was 0.20 mL/min with 2 μL of sample quantity at 296 nm, and the anti-DPPH radical efficiency of water extract from Ophiopogonis Radix were evaluated by UV-photometer. Results: The average values of methylophiopogonone A, methylophiopogonanone A, and methylophiopogonanone B were (3.06±0.54), (40.10±5.63), and (29.51±5.06) μg/g in OJS, respectively; while those in OJZ were (9.22±3.52), (106.63±27.56), and (256.97±61.79) μg/g, separately. The IC50 value was 16.59 mg/mL in OJS, while that in OJZ was 14.48 mg/mL. The IC50 value of positive control VC was 7.06 μg/mL. Conclution: Compared with OJS, the contents of homoisoflavones in OJZ are higher, and the anti-radical efficiency of water extract from OJZ is stronger. It provides the basis for the quality evaluation and geo-authentic research of Ophiopogonis Radix.

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Objective: To study the in vivo pharmacodynamics characteristics of Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BHD) in mice, and to provide reference for rational clinical drug use. Methods: The level of MDA and activity of SOD in liver tissue of mice were determined after ig treatment with BHD or its drug-containing serum. Further more, the time-effect and dose-effect relationship of BHD on MDA level and SOD activity were carried out. The parameters of pharmacodynamics were estimated based on the time-effect and dose-effect curves. Results: Compared with control group, both BHD and its drug-containing serum could reduce MDAlevel, while raise SOD activity in the liver of mice (P < 0.05). Time-effect curves both present multi-peak but most pharmacodynamics parameters showed significant differences (P < 0.05), except tp and t1/2(Ka). Conclusion: BHD has obvious antioxidant effect and pharmacodynamics characteristics can be described as one-compartment model.

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This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of fucoidan on the blood constituents, anti-oxidation and innate immunity of juvenile yellow catfish, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. Totally 420 individuals of juvenile yellow catfish were randomly allocated to 7 groups with 3 replicates per group and 20 fishes per replicate. The same experimental fish were randomly subjected to one of the following 7 treatments for 12 weeks: The basal diet was applied as control group, the experimental groups were fed on fucoidan extracted from Sargassum horneri (SF) and commodity fucoidan purchased from the market (MF), and the effective dosages were 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.2% per kilogram feed (the groups were respectively marked as SF1, SF2, SF3, MF1, MF2 and MF3). The capabilities of anti-oxidation and innate immunity were detected by the blood characters, serum enzyme activities, serum MDA content, respiratory burst activity and phagocytic index of head-kidney macrophages. Challenge test was conducted also. The results indicated that the triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) values of the yellow catfish were significantly decreased when dietary with SF and MF, while there was no significant difference between the MF1 and the control group. Fish fed on SF and MF diets had a lower high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) level than those fed on basal diet except SF2 group. The low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and glucose (GUL) levels of the fish were significantly decreased at the 0.2% dietary fucoidan level, and there were no significant differences between the other groups. The activities of serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) significantly increased and the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) significantly decreased when the fish fed dietary SF and MF. The CAT activities of SF groups were higher than that of control groups, while these values were not significantly changed in MF1 and MF3 groups. The maximum of catalase (CAT) activities of the fish fed on two kind fucoidan were obtained in the SF2 and MF2 groups (fucoidan = 0.1%) respectively. The serum lysozyme (LZM) activities of the yellow catfish fed on SF and MF were significantly higher than the control ones except SF3, MF2 and MF3 group. Phagocytosis index (PI) and the respiratory burst (RB) activity of head-kidney were significantly influenced by dietary fucoidan, PI values of the fish fed on SF2, MF1 and MF2 were higher than those fed on basal diet. RB activity of the yellow catfishes were significantly increased when they were fed on fucoidan except the SF3 and MF3 groups. The challenge experiment with Aeromonas hydrophilalala revealed that the fish fed on fucoidan had no significant effect on mortality rate of the yellow catfish. These results suggested that fucoidan significantly influences the blood characters, antioxidant status, non-specific immune responses in juvenile yellow catfish.

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Bagres/sangre , Bagres/inmunología , Inmunidad Innata/efectos de los fármacos , Polisacáridos/farmacología , Animales , Recuento de Células Sanguíneas , Glucemia/metabolismo , Proteínas Sanguíneas/metabolismo , Catalasa/sangre , Colesterol/sangre , Suplementos Dietéticos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Hematócrito , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Malondialdehído/sangre , Muramidasa/metabolismo , Fagocitosis/efectos de los fármacos , Polisacáridos/administración & dosificación , Estallido Respiratorio/efectos de los fármacos , Superóxido Dismutasa/sangre , Triglicéridos/sangre

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Objective: To study the protective effect of Danqi Piantan Capsule (DPC, a capsule made of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix, Astragali Radix, Paeoniae Rugra Radix, etc. for the poststroke recovery) on the cerebral ischemia in the rat model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion and its mechanism. Methods: One hundred and eighty male SD rats were randomly divided into six groups: Sham operation, model, positive drug (6.58 mg/kg), the high-, mid-, and low-dose (306, 153, and 76 mg/kg) DPC groups. The rats were ig administered once daily for consecutive 3 d, and the rat models with left middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) were established at 1 h after the last administration. The blood samples were collected from the fossa orbitalis vein of rats at 24 h after the surgery, used to determine the content of serum superoxide dismutases (SOD) and endothelin (ET). The brain tissue samples were collected at 72 h after the surgery for determining the cerebral infarct size and cerebral index through TTC-staining. Results: Compared with the model group, the high- and mid-dose DPC could significantly reduce (P < 0.05) the cerebral index for the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury of rats; The three groups of DPJ all could enhance the activity of SOD, especially the high- and mid-dose groups had the significant difference (P < 0.05); The three groups also could reduce the content of ET, but there was no significant difference. Conclusion: DPC has the protective effect on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion and its mechanism may be related with relieving cerebral edema, anti-oxidantion, and inhibiting ET.

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Objective: To study the protective effect of Danhong Injection (DI) on primary cultured neonate rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (rBMECs) injury. Methods: The primary cultured rBMEC model was established and the identification of rabbit anti rat VIII factor was carried out. The cells were divided into control, model, low-, mid-, and high-dose (25, 50, and 100 μL/mL) DI groups in hypoxic condition for 4 h after administration. The cell morphology was observed under microscope, the apoptosis rate and DNA content were determined by flow cytometry, and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level in cultural supernatants and cell superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were detected according to the kit methods. Results: DI (50 and 100 μL/mL) could alleviate the rBMEC damage induced by hypoxia remarkably, improve the cell morphology of rBMECs, decrease the apoptosis significantly, inhibit the blockage of rBMECs in G1/S phase and the leakage of LDH, and increase the SOD activity. Conclusion: DI plays a significant role in the protection on injured primary cultured rBMECs induced by hypoxia, and the mechanism may be related to the enhancement of cellular anti-oxidative capacity and the inhibition of apoptosis.