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Traumatic and postoperative hemorrhages are life-threatening complications. Ankaferd BloodStopper (ABS) is a potent topical hemostatic agent to stop bleeding. However, ABS is associated with nerve toxicity. The present study aimed to investigate the functional and structural neurodegenerative effects of ABS in a mouse model. A total of 30 male BALB/c mice, aged 6-8 weeks, were randomly divided into control group (no treatment), a sham group (treated with saline) and an experimental group (treated with ABS). In the saline and the ABS groups, the right sciatic nerve was surgically exposed and treated with saline or ABS, respectively. No surgical procedure was performed in the control group. On day 7 post-treatment, functional changes of the sciatic nerve were evaluated by a horizontal ladder rung walking task. Structural changes were assessed with immunohistochemistry. In the horizontal ladder rung walking test, the gait impairment was proportional to the severity of sciatic nerve damage, with the ABS group showing a significantly higher rate of errors than the control and saline groups. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated extensive degeneration and deformation in the axons and myelin sheath of the sciatic nerve in the ABS group. The results provide compelling evidence for the neurotoxicity of ABS.
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Objectives: The effects of a composite nanofiber wound dressing material consisting of a polyvinylidene alcohol and polyvinylidene pyrrolidone polymer mixture with a hemostatic agent doped with Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) on the healing of experimentally induced dermal wounds in rats were examined. Materials and Methods: Rats were divided into 4 groups (n= 6). Histological material was examined on tissues taken from the wound site, whereas total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) analyses were performed on blood samples taken from the cardia. The material that was produced had hydrophilic properties, and both the ABS-doped and-undoped forms of the material positively affected wound healing. Results: In the histopathological examinations, macroscopic evaluations revealed a statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of wound diameter, reepithelialization, and inflammation formation (p= 0.019). In parallel with wound healing and histological outcomes, TAS values increased in the ABS-doped groups, and TOS and OSI values decreased in the wound dressing groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded that the ABS-dopped dressing did not have a negative effect on wound healing, it accelerated healing, and it could be used effectively and safely to treat skin injuries. However, further studies are needed to evaluate the clinical and histopathological benefits and potential adverse effects of wound dressings produced using ABS-doped polymers on wound healing.
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BACKGROUND: Ankaferd blood stopper® (ABS) is an herbal extract consisting of mixtures of Alpinia officinarum, Gycyrrhiza glabra, Vitis vinifera, Thymus vulgaris, and Urtica dioica plants and has been used in recent years in Turkish medicine as a hemostatic agent. Despite its extensive usage, there is no information available about the drug interaction in HepG2 cells. The current work evaluated the effect of ABS on the expression of CYP1A1-1A2, CYP2E1, and CYP3A4 isozymes that are primarily involved in drug and carcinogen metabolism. METHODS: We selected HepG2 cells as in vitro cellular models of the human liver. The cells were treated with different concentrations of ABS [0.25%-40% (v/v)]. A crystal violet staining assay was used to determine the cytotoxicity of ABS. We examined drug-metabolizing enzymes, including 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (CYP1A1), 7-methoxyresorufin O-demethylase (CYP1A2), aniline 4-hydroxylase (CYP2E1), and erythromycin N-demethylase (CYP3A4), in vitro in HepG2 cells. The expression (mRNA, protein) levels of drug-metabolizing enzymes were analyzed by qPCR and Western blotting, respectively. RESULTS: The EC05 and EC10 values for ABS were 0.37% and 0.52% (v/v), respectively. Therefore, 0.37% and 0.52% (v/v) doses were used for the remaining portion of this study. Investigation of the expression and activity levels revealed that CYP1A1-1A2, CYP2E1, and CYP3A4 activities were not affected by ABS significantly, with qPCR and Western blot results corroborating this result. DISCUSSION: Our study found that the activity, mRNA, and protein expression levels of CYP isozymes did not change with the application of ABS, suggesting that when humans are exposed to ABS, there may not be any risk associated with clinical drug toxicity, cancer formation, and drug metabolism disorders in humans.
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Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Humanos , Citocromo P-450 CYP2E1 , Citocromo P-450 CYP1A1 , Isoenzimas , Citocromo P-450 CYP3A/genética , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamiento farmacológico , Interacciones Farmacológicas , ARN MensajeroRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: New agents are introduced each day to be used in the prevention and treatment of mucositis in cancer treatment. One of those agents is the Ankaferd hemostat. Ankaferd hemostat has pleiotropic effects and anti-infective characteristics in tissue healing. METHODS: The study was designed as a randomized controlled experimental study. The sample of the study comprised a total of 66 patients (33 patients in the Ankaferd hemostat group and 33 patients in the sodium bicarbonate group) with colorectal cancer who received FOLFOX combination chemotherapy treatment in the first cycle of chemotherapy to prevent mucositis. Participants who met the criteria were randomly assigned to the groups. Before the patient received chemotherapy, ECOG performance score and Oral Mucositis Grading Scale were applied on the 7th day and 15th day. The Ankaferd hemostat group brushed teeth at least twice a day for 2 min and gargled with Ankaferd hemostat twice for 2 min for 2 weeks. The sodium bicarbonate group brushed teeth at least 2 min a day and gargled with sodium bicarbonate 4 times for 2 min for 2 weeks. The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials diagram was used to illustrate the randomization of patients. RESULTS: When the Ankaferd hemostat group is compared with the sodium bicarbonate group, there is a significant difference in favor of the Ankaferd hemostat group in the mucositis grade on the 7th day and 15th day after chemotherapy (p < 0.05). In the binary logistic regression analysis, among the factors affecting the formation of mucositis on the 7th day, only neutrophil and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were included in the model, while only the TSH variable is statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: It was determined that Ankaferd hemostat is effective in preventing oral mucositis due to chemotherapy in adult patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer. In addition, it has been suggested to conduct new studies on the effectiveness of Ankaferd hemostat in the prevention of mucositis in different groups. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT05438771, Date: 25.06.2022).
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Neoplasias Colorrectales , Mucositis , Estomatitis , Adulto , Humanos , Mucositis/tratamiento farmacológico , Bicarbonato de Sodio/uso terapéutico , Estomatitis/inducido químicamente , Estomatitis/prevención & control , Estomatitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Crioterapia , Neoplasias Colorrectales/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: People have used many natural materials such as plant leaves, roots, liquids derived from plants, and animal products to treat wounds throughout history. It can be said that the research on wound care in recent years have focused on traditional and natural products again. This study aimed to investigate the effects of sweetgum oil, propolis, silk protein, and Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) on wound healing in an experimental excisional wound model. METHODS: : Including 36 Balb/c inbreed mice in the study were divided equally into four groups. Two circular excisional wounds were created on the dorsal skin of mice under anesthesia using a punch biopsy device. The wounds of the first group of mice were topically dressed with sweetgum oil, the second group mice with propolis, the third group mice with silk protein, and the fourth group mice with ABS daily. Tissue samples were taken from the wounds of mice on the 7th and 14th day of wound formation, and histological examinations were performed. On the 14th day, the wounds created in all mice were healed, and the experiment was terminated. RESULTS: Mice in the silk protein group had faster wound healing. There was no statistical difference between the groups in immunohistochemical examinations. In the ABS group, the findings of the inflammatory process were more prominent. DISCUSSION: In conclusions, propolis, sweetgum oil, silk protein, and ABS positively affect different parameters in wound healing and support wound healing.
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Hemostáticos , Própolis , Ratones , Animales , Própolis/farmacología , Própolis/uso terapéutico , Cicatrización de Heridas , Piel/patología , Hemostáticos/farmacología , Hemostáticos/uso terapéutico , Seda/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Hemostatic powder (HP) is a relatively recent addition to the arsenal of hemostatic endoscopic procedures (HEPs) for gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) due to benign and malignant lesions. Five types of HP are currently available: TC-325 (Hemospray™), EndoClot™, Ankaferd Blood Stopper®, and, more recently, UI-EWD (NexpowderTM) and CEGP-003 (CGBio™). HP acts as a mechanical barrier and/or promotes platelet activation and coagulation cascade. HP may be used in combination with or as rescue therapy in case of failure of conventional HEPs (CHEPs) and also as monotherapy in large, poorly accessible lesions with multiple bleeding sources. Although the literature on HP is abundant, randomized controlled trials are scant, and some questions remain open. While HP is highly effective in inducing immediate hemostasis in GIB, the rates of rebleeding reported in different studies are very variable, and conditions affecting the stability of hemostasis have not yet been fully elucidated. It is not established whether HP as monotherapy is appropriate in severe GIB, such as spurting peptic ulcers, or should be used only as rescue or adjunctive therapy. Finally, as it can be sprayed on large areas, HP could become the gold standard in malignancy-related GIB, which is often nonresponsive or not amenable to treatment with CHEPs as a result of multiple bleeding points and friable surfaces. This is a narrative review that provides an overview of currently available data and the open questions regarding the use of HP in the management of non-variceal upper GIB due to benign and malignant diseases.
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Hemostasis Endoscópica , Hemostáticos , Úlcera Péptica , Humanos , Polvos/uso terapéutico , Hemostasis Endoscópica/métodos , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/tratamiento farmacológico , Hemostáticos/uso terapéutico , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The present study was performed to compare the effectiveness of Ankaferd Blood Stopper® (ABS) with enamel matrix derivatives (EMD) for treating fenestration defects in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups (each n = 8). Fenestration defects were created in all rats, to which ABS, EMD, or saline (S) was then applied. The rats were grouped and sacrificed at one of two different time points, as follows: ABS-10-group, ABS-treatment/sacrifice on day 10; EMD-10-group, EMD-treatment/sacrifice on day 10; S-10-group, S-treatment/sacrifice on day 10; ABS-38-group, ABS-treatment/sacrifice on day 38; EMD-38-group, EMD-treatment/sacrifice on day 38; and S-38-group, S-treatment/sacrifice on day 38. Then, histomorphometric analysis including measurements of new bone area (NBA) and new bone ratio (NBR), and immunohistochemical analysis including the determination of osteopontin (OPN) and type-III-collagen (C-III) expression were performed. RESULTS: The NBA and NBR were significantly higher in the ABS-10-group and EMD-10-group compared to the S-10-group (p < .05), and in the EMD-38-group compared to the S-38-group (p < .05). The levels of C-III and OPN immunoreactivity were significantly higher in the ABS-10-group compared to the S-10-group (p < .017). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggested that ABS can promote early periodontal regeneration, although its efficacy seems to decrease over time.
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Proteínas del Esmalte Dental , Animales , Proteínas del Esmalte Dental/farmacología , Proteínas del Esmalte Dental/uso terapéutico , Masculino , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Bone wax, a haemostatic agent, is widely used in craniospinal surgical procedures for a long time, in spite of controversial results regarding its negative influence upon bone regeneration. In this experimental study, the effects of Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS), as an alternative haemostatic agent, were evaluated through histochemical, immunohistochemical and scintigraphic studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The total of 30 adult female Wistar albino rats was randomly divided into three groups: intact control group (n = 10), bone wax group (n = 10), and ABS group (n = 10). Surgically, a 3.0 mm hole in diameter was drilled on the right side of calvarium of the rats using a Class Mini Grinder set in all three groups, as described previously. At the end of 8 weeks, bone healing and connective tissue alterations surrounding drilled calvarial defect areas of the rats were determined via haematoxylin and eosin and the Mallory's trichrome staining and anti-bone sialoprotein immunohistochemistry. Image Pro Express 4.5 programme was used for histomorphometric calculation of new bone and fibrotic tissue areas. All statistical analyses were made with SPSS 25.0 and analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) followed by Bonferroni post hoc test was performed, p < 0.001 was considered as significance level. RESULTS: Histomorphometrically, it was found that he had the largest hole diameter and the least fibrotic scar area in the bone-wax group. In the bone wax group, it was observed that the material closed the hole and there was only a fibrotic scar tissue in the area between the bone tissue at the edge of the hole and bone wax, and a fibrotic tissue was formed in the bone wax area. During the histological procedure, this bone-wax material was poured and the sections were seen as a gap in this area. In the ABS haemostat group, the smallest hole diameter and the least fibrotic scar tissue were observed. Fibrotic scar tissue close to each other was found in the ABS haemostat and bone wax groups. Histological analysis of samples also showed a statistical significance for fibrotic connective tissue area between groups (p < 0.05). Scintigraphically, osteoblastic activity related to blood flow in the animal taken from the group with application of ABS haemostat was more pronounced compared to the other two groups. CONCLUSIONS: In our study, it has been concluded that the ABS yields affirmative effects on the bone healing, while bone wax leads to negative impact on the bone regeneration. Scintigraphic, histochemical and immunohistochemical data support the affirmative impact of the ABS haemostat application upon the bone regeneration apart from the quick stop of haemorrhage.
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Cicatriz , Hemostáticos , Animales , Regeneración Ósea , Femenino , Hemostáticos/farmacología , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) is a medicinal plant extract that has anti-inflammatory effect. Inflammatory bowel disease is a pathological condition that directly affects colon health and increases the risk of colon cancer. Especially inflammation is an important factor in the formation and progression of this disease. The aim of the study was to investigate the protective effect of ABS on colonic inflammation. Caco-2 and RAW 264.7 cells were used as a model of in vitro colonic inflammation. RAW 264.7 cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide for 12 h to induce inflammation, and an inflammatory medium (IM) was obtained. Caco-2 cells were treated with 15 µL/mL ABS for 4 h, then incubated with IM. The cells also were incubated with 15 µL/mL ABS and IM together for 12 h. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) protein levels were targeted in testing inflammatory condition and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA level was used as a marker gene to show the possible anti-inflammatory effect of ABS in Caco-2 cells. TNF-α level was 26.1-fold higher than the control group. IM caused 3.2-fold increase in COX-2 expression in Caco-2 cells. Pretreatment of Caco-2 cells with ABS resulted in 3.3-fold decrease in COX-2 mRNA levels relative to IM group. Furthermore, COX-2 mRNA level reduced 4.7-fold when ABS and conditional medium were given at the same time. ABS has suppressive effect on COX-2 mRNA expression in Caco-2 cells. These results suggest that ABS might have protective and therapeutic effect for colonic inflammation.
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Inflamación , Extractos Vegetales , Células CACO-2 , Colon , Humanos , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Extractos Vegetales/farmacologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Researchs of the effects of ankaferd blood stopper (ABS) on bone healing metabolism have revealed that it affects bone regeneration positively. The exact mechanism by which this positive effect on bone tissue metabolism is not known. The aim of this study is to biomechanic and biochemical analysis of the effects of the local ABS application on osseointegration of 3 different surfaced titanium implants. MATERIAL & METHODS: Spraque dawley rats were divided machined surfaced (MS) (n â= â10), sandblasted and large acid grid (SLA) (n â= â10) and resorbable blast material (RBM) (n â= â10) surfaced implants. ABS applied locally during the surgical application of the titanium implant before insertion in bone sockets. After 4 weeks experimental period the rats sacrificed and implants with surrounding bone tissues were removed to reverse torque analysis (Newton), blood samples collected to biochemical analysis (ALP, calcium, P). RESULTS: Biomechanic bone implant contact ratio detected higher in SLA surfaced implants compared with the RBM and controls (P â< â0,05). Phosphor levels detected lower in RBM implant group compared with the controls and SLA (P â< â0,05). Additionally; phosphor levels detected highly in controls compared with the RBM implants. CONCLUSION: According the biomechanical parameters ABS may be more effective in SLA and RBM surfaced implants when locally applied.
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Background: In this study, we aim at investigating the effect of post partial hepatectomy Ankaferd blood stopper (ABS) on liver regeneration in rats. Methods: Twenty-four rats were included in our study divided into three groups. (Group A = (Sham) 8 rats, Group B = (control) 8 rats, Group C = (experimental) 8 rats). Two-thirds hepatectomy was employed in all rats. Intraperitoneal 0.9% saline was administered to the rats in the control group, and intraperitoneal 1 ml Ankaferd was administered to the rats in the experimental group. The rats were sacrificed on the 7th day. Tissue samples were taken from the liver tissue for histopathological evaluation. Results: The number of mitosis and the cytoplasmic vacuolization/hdyropic degeneration scores were statistically different between the groups (Group A: 11.63 vs Group B: 17.00 vs Group C: 8.88 (p:0.028) and Group A: 8.56 vs Group B: 16.63 vs Group C: 12.31 (p:0.034), respectively). The presence of binuclear hepatocytes score was p: 0.258 and disorganized distribution in cell proliferation in the parenchyma score was :0.076; There was no statistical difference between the groups. The number of mitosis was p:0116 for Group A-B, p:1.00 for Group A-C and p:0.017 for Group B-C Conclusions: Positive results indicating an increase in liver regeneration due to Ankaferd were not obtained in our study.
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Hepatectomía , Regeneración Hepática , Animales , Humanos , Hígado/cirugía , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Background/aims: To evaluate the potential protective effects of Ankaferd blood stopper (ABS) in an experimental obstructive jaundice (OJ) model. Materials and methods: The study included 26 female rats, which were divided into 3 groups. The sham group, consisting of 10 rats, (group 1) only received solely laparotomy. In the control group, consisting of 8 rats, (group 2), ligation was applied to the biliary tract and no treatment was implemented. In the treatment group, consisting of 8 rats, (group 3), following ligation of biliary tract, 0.5 mL/day ABS was given for 10 days. Liver tissue and blood samples were taken for histopathological and biochemical examination. Results: Compared to group 2, group 3 had higher aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total oxidant status (TOS) malondialdehyde (MDA), fluorescent oxidant products (FOP), and lower expression of albumin and total antioxidant status (TAS) (P < 0.05). In histopathological analysis, the mean scores of all histopathological parameters (fibrosis, portal inflammation, confluent necrosis, interphase activity, bile duct proliferation) have statistical significance between group 2 and group 3 (P < 005). Conclusions: ABS has promising results in the treatment of experimental OJ because of its antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties. It may be used in clinical practice after more extensive studies about the effects of ABS on OJ.
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Enfermedad Hepática Inducida por Sustancias y Drogas , Ictericia Obstructiva , Extractos Vegetales/efectos adversos , Animales , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Femenino , Ictericia Obstructiva/tratamiento farmacológico , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Oxidantes , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the preventive effect of medicinal herbal extract (MHE) and gelatin sponge on alveolar osteitis (AO) in an experimental rat model. DESIGN: Twenty-one Sprague-Dawley male rats with a mean age of 12 weeks were used. After extraction of the maxillary right first molar, an AO model was created for each animal. The animals were randomly separated to three equal groups. Group I served as a control, Group II was subjected to an intra-alveolar MHE application, and gelatin sponge was left in the sockets of Group III. On the 7th post-extraction day, the animals were sacrificed. The specimens were analyzed by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), histopathologically and immunohistochemically. RESULTS: Macroscopic evaluation revealed mild to intense signs of AO in all groups, but the difference was not significant (p < 0.05). Micro-CT analysis showed that bone formation was the highest in Group III (bone volume/total volume; 10.63 ± 4.9 %), whereas bone mineral density was the highest in Group I (2.05 ± 0.2 g/cm3). The difference was not significant (p > 0.05). In Group III, only 16.7 % of specimens showed no signal of inflammatory response (p < 0.01). The difference was not significant between the positive labeling for receptor activator of nuclear kappa-ß (RANK), receptor activator of nuclear kappa-ß ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin and osteopontin, but the intensity of Groups II and III was higher than the Group I for osteopontin (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: MHE and gelatin sponge were not effective enough to prevent alveolar osteitis, but positive results were obtained in bone healing.
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Alveolo Seco/tratamiento farmacológico , Gelatina/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Animales , Inmunohistoquímica , Masculino , Distribución Aleatoria , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Microtomografía por Rayos XRESUMEN
Background/aim: Healthy wound healing is very important for patient comfort. Diabetes is one of the factors that negatively affect wound healing. Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) are antiinflammatory and antimicrobial agents and may have positive effects on wound healing. Materials and methods: In this study, 72 male Wistar albino rats were used. Rats; control, CAPE, ABS, diabetes + control, diabetes + ABS and diabetes + CAPE groups were divided into 6 groups. A healthy 36 rats created diabetes using streptozotocin (STZ). A gingival wound was created using a 4-mm punch biopsy in the gingival tissue under the lower anterior incisors of the rats. Results: The comparison between the nondiabetic groups had a statistically significant positive effect compared to the control group of CAPE and ABS (P Ë 0.05). In the comparison between ABS and diabetes + ABS groups and in the comparison between CAPE and diabetes + CAPE groups, a decrease in vascularization in diabetes + CAPE groups was observed and it was statistically significant (P Ë 0.005). Conclusion: ABS and CAPE have been found to have positive effects on gingival wound healing in the nondiabetic group. We think that this situation is caused by its antiinflammatory and antimicrobial properties.
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Ácidos Cafeicos/farmacología , Mucosa Bucal/efectos de los fármacos , Mucosa Bucal/lesiones , Alcohol Feniletílico/análogos & derivados , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Cicatrización de Heridas/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Diabetes Mellitus , Masculino , Alcohol Feniletílico/farmacología , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
COVID-19 due to the SARS-CoV-2 infection is a multi-systemic immune syndrome affecting mainly the lungs, oropharyngeal region, and other vascular endothelial beds. There are tremendous ongoing efforts for the aim of developing drugs against the COVID-19 syndrome-associated inflammation. However, currently no specific medicine is present for the absolute pharmacological cure of COVID-19 mucositis. The re-purposing/re-positioning of already existing drugs is a very important strategy for the management of ongoing pandemy since the development of a new drug needs decades. Apart from altering angiotensin signaling pathways, novel drug candidates for re-purposing comprise medications shall target COVID-19 pathobiology, including pharmaceutical formulations that antagonize proteinase-activated receptors (PARs), mainly PAR-1. Activation of the PAR-1, mediators and hormones impact on the hemostasis, endothelial activation, alveolar epithelial cells and mucosal inflammatory responses which are the essentials of the COVID-19 pathophysiology. In this context, Ankaferd hemostat (Ankaferd Blood Stopper, ABS) which is an already approved hemostatic agent affecting via vital erythroid aggregation and fibrinogen gamma could be a potential topical remedy for the mucosal management of COVID-19. ABS is a clinically safe and effective topical hemostatic agent of plant origin capable of exerting pleiotropic effects on the endothelial cells, angiogenesis, cell proliferation and vascular dynamics. ABS had been approved as a topically applied hemostatic agent for the management of post-surgical/dental bleedings and healing of infected inflammatory mucosal wounds. The anti-inflammatory and proteinase-activated receptor axis properties of ABS with a considerable amount of oestrogenic hormone presence highlight this unique topical hemostatic drug regarding the clinical re-positioning for COVID-19-associated mucositis. Topical ABS as a biological response modifier may lessen SARS-CoV-2 associated microthrombosis, endothelial dysfunction, oropharyngeal inflammation and mucosal lung damage. Moreover, PAR-1 inhibition ability of ABS might be helpful for reducing the initial virus propagation and mocasal spread of COVID-19.
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Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Betacoronavirus , Infecciones por Coronavirus/complicaciones , Estrógenos/fisiología , Hemostáticos/uso terapéutico , Mucositis/tratamiento farmacológico , Pandemias , Fitoestrógenos/uso terapéutico , Fitoterapia , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Neumonía Viral/complicaciones , Receptor PAR-1/antagonistas & inhibidores , Administración Tópica , Distribución por Edad , Antiinflamatorios/administración & dosificación , COVID-19 , Infecciones por Coronavirus/sangre , Infecciones por Coronavirus/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por Coronavirus/epidemiología , Síndrome de Liberación de Citoquinas/etiología , Síndrome de Liberación de Citoquinas/fisiopatología , Reposicionamiento de Medicamentos , Endotelio Vascular/efectos de los fármacos , Estrógenos/agonistas , Hemostáticos/administración & dosificación , Humanos , Mucositis/etiología , Fitoestrógenos/administración & dosificación , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Extractos Vegetales/química , Neumonía Viral/sangre , Neumonía Viral/tratamiento farmacológico , Neumonía Viral/epidemiología , Receptor PAR-1/fisiología , SARS-CoV-2 , Estomatitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Estomatitis/etiología , Trombofilia/sangre , Trombofilia/etiología , Tratamiento Farmacológico de COVID-19RESUMEN
To evaluate the potential effect of Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) and oxytocin (OT) in an experimental endometriosis model, 18 female Sprague Dawley rats were used in this study. The animals were divided randomly into three groups after surgical induction of endometriosis: group 1: control group (isotonic NaCl, 1 mL/kg/day, intramuscular, n=6); group 2: OT group (OT, 80 U/kg/day, intramuscular, n=6); group 3: ABS group (ABS, 1.5 mL/kg/day, intraperitoneal, n=6). Each group was treated for four weeks (two times per week). Volumes of endometriotic explants were measured in biopsy samples for histopathological analysis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α) levels were measured in plasma and peritoneal fluid. Endometriotic explant volumes were significantly decreased after OT administration (P<0.0001). The epithelial score was significantly decreased in both treatment groups compared to the control group (P<0.05). TUNEL immunohistochemistry showed more apoptotic changes in the endometriosis foci (gland epithelium and surrounding tissue) in the OT group than in the control group (P<0.05). The levels of VEGF, MCP-1, and TNF-α were significantly reduced in the OT group (P<0.05), whereas no significant changes in protein levels were found in the ABS-applied group. The results indicate that OT has greater potential as a therapeutic agent in experimentally induced peritoneal endometriosis, where ABS, which is a VEGF modulator, appears to act through different mechanisms to show its palliative effects on a rat model of peritoneal endometriosis.
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Endometriosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Oxitocina/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Animales , Quimiocina CCL2/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Endometriosis/metabolismo , Femenino , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/metabolismoRESUMEN
Background/aim: To evaluate the histopathological and mechanical effects of Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) application on wound healing. Materials and methods: A total of 24 Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into three equal groups. In each group, a 3 cm-long midline vertical skin incision was performed in the back of the rats. In Group 1, the incision was sutured primarily. In Group 2, incision was left to secondary healing. In Group 3, ABS was applied to the incision. On the 10th day, burst pressure width was measured, and rats were sacrificed. The tissue samples were examined histopathologically. Statistical analysis was conducted with IBM SPSS program. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean burst pressure widths of wound separation were 13.66 ± 0.457, 7.18 ± 2.599, and 13.66 ± 1.11 mm for Groups 13, respectively. The difference in burst pressure width between Groups 1 and 3 was not significant (P > 0.05) but was significant between Groups 2 and 3 (P = 0.000). The vascular proliferation median values were 1, 2, and 2, for Groups 13, respectively. Although the difference was significant between Groups 1 and 2 in terms of vascular proliferation score (P = 0.047), no significant difference was observed between Group 3 and others. No statistically significant difference was observed among the groups in terms of collagen score, mononuclear cell infiltration, and polymorphonuclear cell proliferation (P > 0.05). The median values of fibroblast proliferation score were 1, 2, and 3, in Groups 13, respectively. Fibroblast proliferation score significantly differed between Groups 1 and 3 (P = 0.003). Conclusions: ABS application results in a clean wound healing that is as strong as primary repair. However, additional studies are required to evaluate the late results of increased fibroblastic activity in the early period of ABS application alone.
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Hemostáticos/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Cicatrización de Heridas/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Cicatriz/patología , Presión , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
Background/aim: To investigate possible protective effects of Ankaferd Blood Stopper® (ABS) in an experimental liver ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) model. Materials and methods: The study was carried out on 30 female rats separated into 3 groups as sham, control (IRI), and treatment (IRI + ABS) groups. In the IRI + ABS group, 0.5 mL/day ABS was given for 7 days before surgery. In the IRI and IRI + ABS groups, the hepatic pedicle was clamped for 30 min to apply ischemia. Then, after opening the clamp, 90-min reperfusion of the liver was provided. Blood and liver tissue samples were taken for biochemical and histopathological analyses. Results: Compared to the sham group, the IRI group had significantly higher levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total oxidant status (TOS), malondialdehyde (MDA), fluorescent oxidant products (FOP) and lower expression of albumin and total antioxidant status (TAS) (P < 0.05). Compared to the IRI group, the IRI+ABS group showed lower expression of AST, ALT, TOS, MDA and FOP and higher expression of albumin and TAS (P < 0.05). In the histopathological analysis, congestion scores were statistically significantly lower in the IRI + ABS group than in the IRI group. Conclusions: ABS has a strong hepatoprotective effect due to its antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects and could therefore be used as a potential therapeutic agent for IRI.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/farmacología , Hígado , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Daño por Reperfusión , Alanina Transaminasa/análisis , Alanina Transaminasa/metabolismo , Animales , Aspartato Aminotransferasas/análisis , Aspartato Aminotransferasas/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/enzimología , Hígado/metabolismo , Hígado/fisiopatología , Malondialdehído/análisis , Malondialdehído/metabolismo , Ratas Wistar , Daño por Reperfusión/metabolismo , Daño por Reperfusión/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
Background/aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the possible toxicity of the Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) on the neural system. Materials and methods: Thirty Sprague Dawley rats were randomized into ABS (n: 15) and control (n: 15) groups. Following the anaesthetic induction, total laminectomy was performed to the lower thoracic, and upper lumbar areas in both groups and medulla spinalis was exposed. Two myelotomies were performed on the medulla spinalis. One millilitre ABS was applied to the incision site in the ABS group, and one millilitre 0.9% saline solution was applied in the control group. Rats were observed for 15 days regarding general behaviour, neurological signs, mobility, and signs of infection. Sixteen days later, all rats were decapitated under anaesthesia. Medulla spinalis was removed en bloc from all rats and was stained with Heamatoxylin & Eosin and luxol fast blue. Results: There was no significant difference between the ABS group and the control group regarding oedema, gliosis, the intensity of inflammatory cells, the presence of neuronal degeneration, neuron counts, and myelin degeneration. Conclusion: No clinical or histopathological evidence for the neurotoxic effect of the ABS was observed in the present study. Our findings might precipitate the use of ABS on human subjects regarding medulla spinalis surgery.
Asunto(s)
Hemostáticos/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Médula Espinal/cirugía , Animales , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Hemostáticos/toxicidad , Laminectomía , Masculino , Extractos Vegetales/toxicidad , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-DawleyRESUMEN
Ankaferd hemostat (ABS; Ankaferd Blood Stopper®, Istanbul, Turkey) is a hemostatic agent having an impact on red blood cell fibrinogen interactions. The hemostatic effect of ABS depends upon the quick promotion of a protein network, particularly fibrinogen gamma, in relation to the erythrocyte aggregation. The entire physiological process involves ABS-induced formation of the protein network by vital erythrocyte aggregation. Vital erythrocyte aggregation occurs with the spectrine, ankyrin, and actin proteins on the membrane of the red blood cells. ABS notably affects cell metabolism and cell cycle mechanisms. Meanwhile, ABS has antiproliferative effects on cancer cells. The aim of this review is to assess molecular basis of ABS as a hemostatic drug. The literature search on ABS was performed in PubMed, Web of Science (SCI expanded), and Scopus with particular focus on the studies of molecular basis of ABS, in vivo research, case series, and controlled randomized clinical studies. Current perspective for the utilization of ABS is to provide hemostasis with accelerating wound healing. Future controlled trials are needed to elucidate the pleiotropic clinical effects of ABS such as antineoplastic, antiinflammatory, antiinfective, antifungal, and antioxidative effects.