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BACKGROUND: Colorectal anastomosis leak (AL) is the most feared complication of rectal cancer surgery (1-19%) as it increases morbidity and mortality and worsens oncological outcomes in terms of local recurrence and survival. The publication of the REAL-score index makes it possible to predict the risk of AL and compare the expected results with those obtained. METHOD: Observational, descriptive, longitudinal and retrospective study of patients operated on for rectal cancer at the Miguel Servet University Hospital, in Zaragoza, Spain, in 2019. Statistical analysis of morbidity and mortality outcome variables and the REAL-score index using ROC curves. RESULTS: Of 80 patients operated on for rectal cancer, colorectal anastomosis was performed in 52 and temporary ileostomy in 11 (21.2%). Morbidity was high (38.4%), but severe only in 7.7% (Clavien-Dindo IIIb), with no deaths. There were four dehiscences: one type B and three type C. A direct relationship between high risk of AL and the practice of temporary stoma is observed when the cut-off point of the REAL-score exceeds 14.74%. CONCLUSIONS: REAL-score can help in decision-making in rectal cancer surgery. Above a cut-off point, the risk of AL would imply a selective ileostomy.

ANTECEDENTES: La dehiscencia de la anastomosis colorrectal (DA) es la complicación más temida de la cirugía del cáncer de recto (1-19%), pues incrementa la morbimortalidad y empeora los resultados oncológicos en términos de recidiva local y supervivencia. La publicación del índice REAL-score permite predecir el riesgo de DA y comparar los resultados esperados con los obtenidos. MÉTODO: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, longitudinal y retrospectivo, de pacientes intervenidos de cáncer de recto en el Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, en Zaragoza, España, en 2019. Análisis estadístico de variables resultado de morbimortalidad y del índice REAL-score mediante curvas ROC. RESULTADOS: De 80 pacientes intervenidos de cáncer de recto, se realizó anastomosis colorrectal en 52 e ileostomía temporal en 11 (21.2%). La morbilidad fue alta (38.4%), pero grave solo en el 7.7% (Clavien-Dindo IIIb), sin ningún fallecimiento. Hubo cuatro dehiscencias: una de tipo B y tres de tipo C. Se observa una relación directa entre alto riesgo de DA y la práctica de estoma temporal cuando el punto de corte del REAL-score supera el 14.74%. CONCLUSIONES: El REAL-score puede ayudar en la toma de decisiones en la cirugía del cáncer de recto. Por encima de un punto de corte, el riesgo de DA implicaría ileostomía selectiva.

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Background: Anastomotic leakage (AL) is still the most annoying postsurgery complication after colorectal resection due to its serious complications up to death. Limited data were available regarding differences in AL incidence, management, and consequences for different types of colorectal resection. The aim of the present work was to evaluate differences in incidence of AL, incidence of postoperative complications, and length of hospital stay in a large number of patients who underwent elective colorectal resection for management of colorectal lesions. In addition to detect when and what type of reoperation for management of AL occur after colorectal resection. Patients: All 250 included patients underwent elective surgeries for colorectal resection with performance of primary anastomosis for management of colorectal neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases in the period between May 2016 and July 31, 2021. We followed the patients for 90 days; we registered the follow-up findings. Results: the rates of AL occurrence were variable after the different procedures. The lowest rate of AL occurrence was found in patients who underwent right hemicolectomy, then in patients who underwent sigmoidectomy, left hemicolectomy, transversectomy and anterior resection (p= 0.004). A stoma was frequently performed during reoperation (79.5%) which was significantly different between different procedures: 65.5% in right hemicolectomy, 75.0% in transversectomy, 85.7% in left hemicolectomy, and 93.0% in sigmoid resection (p< 0.001). Conclusion Rates, types, time of occurrence and severity of AL vary according to the type of colectomy performed and selective construction of stoma during AL reoperation is currently safely applied with comparable mortality rates for patients who did and who did not have a stoma after reoperation. (AU)

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of discontinuation of mechanical bowel preparation in advanced ovarian cancer surgery within the context of the ERAS program. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with advanced ovarian cancer who underwent cytoreductive surgery with simultaneous colon and/or rectal resection from January 2012 to November 2020. Patients were divided into two groups based on whether preoperative mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) was given (pre-ERAS) or not (post-ERAS). Patient characteristics, including duration of antibiotic treatment, surgical complexity, and incidence of surgical and nonsurgical complications, were compared. RESULTS: During the study period, 114 patients who underwent colon and/or rectal resection were examined, of whom 39 received MBP and 75 did not receive MBP (NMBP). On comparison between the two groups, no significant differences were noted in the assessed patient characteristics, including mean age, FIGO stage, ASA class, BMI, or residual tumor. One patient (2.6%) in the MBP group, and 4 patients (5.3%) in the NMBP group experienced an anastomotic leakage (p = 0.11). No significant differences were found with respect to surgical site infection. (p = 0.5). CONCLUSION: MBP was not associated with any specific benefit for advanced ovarian cancer surgery. Gynecologic oncologists who use MBP should consider discontinuing this practice.

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Introduction: A higher rate of anastomotic leakage (AL) is reported after ileosigmoid anastomosis (ISA) or ileorectal anastomosis (IRA) in total or subtotal colectomy (TSC) compared with colonic or colorectal anastomosis. Themain aimof the present studywas to assess potential risk factors for AL after ISA or IRA and to investigate determinants of morbidity. Methods: We identified 180 consecutive patients in a prospective referral, single center database, in which 83 of the patients underwent TSC with ISA or IRA. Data regarding the clinical characteristics, surgical treatment, and outcome were assessed to determine their association with the cumulative incidence of AL and surgical morbidity. Results: Ileosigmoid anastomosis was performed in 51 of the patients (61.5%) and IRA in 32 patients (38.6%). The cumulative incidence of ALwas 15.6% (13 of 83 patients). A higher AL rate was found in patients under 50 years-old (p=0.038), in the electivelaparoscopic approach subgroup (p=0.049), and patients in the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) subgroup (p=0.009). Furthermore, 14 patients (16.9%) had morbidity classified as Clavien-Dindo ≥ IIIA. Discussion: A relatively high incidence of AL after TSC was observed in a relatively safe surgical procedure. Our findings suggest that the risk of AL may be higher in IBD patients. According to our results, identifying risk factors prior to surgerymay improve short-term outcomes. (AU)

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BACKGROUND: The intestinal anastomotic leakage is the most feared surgical complication of a digestive surgery and is associated with a significant increase of morbidity, mortality and hospital stay. OBJECTIVE: Analyze the risk factors to the intestinal anastomotic leakage in elective surgery. METHOD: Observational and retrospective study in which we include patients with intestinal anastomosis, in elective surgery at the second level hospital from January 2007 to January 2017. RESULTS: 64 patients were included in the study, in which 7 presented anastomotic leakage. The statistically significant risk factors associated with anastomotic leakage were, cocaine use (p = 0.030), neoplasia as a primary pathology (p = 0.008), neoadjuvant treatment for neoplasia (p = 0.003), and end-to-end anastomosis (p = 0.037). Patients with a leakage had a longer hospital stay and a mortality of 14.3%. CONCLUSIONS: The risk factors associated with the presence of anastomotic leakage found in this study are consistent with the reported worldwide literature. However, in our results, it is worth highlighting the use of cocaine as a risk factor, with statistical significance.

ANTECEDENTES: La fuga de una anastomosis intestinal es la complicación quirúrgica más temida de la cirugía digestiva y se asocia con un aumento significativo de la morbimortalidad y de la estancia hospitalaria. OBJETIVO: Analizar los factores de riesgo asociados a la fuga de anastomosis intestinal en cirugía electiva. MÉTODO: Estudio observacional y retrospectivo en el que se recabaron los expedientes de los pacientes operados de anastomosis intestinal en forma electiva en un hospital de segundo nivel de enero de 2007 a enero de 2017. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 64 pacientes, de los cuales siete presentaron fuga de la anastomosis. Los factores de riesgo asociados a fuga anastomótica estadísticamente significativos fueron consumo de cocaína (p = 0.030), neoplasia como patología primaria (p = 0.008), tratamiento con neoadyuvantes para neoplasia (p = 0.003) y anastomosis término-terminal (p = 0.037). Los pacientes con fuga tuvieron una estancia intrahospitalaria más prolongada y una mortalidad del 14.3%. CONCLUSIONES: Los factores de riesgo asociados con la presencia de fuga anastomótica encontrados en este estudio son consistentes con los reportados en la literatura mundial. Sin embargo, en nuestros resultados cabe destacar el uso de cocaína como factor de riesgo, con significancia estadística.

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Abstract Introduction A refractory cervical anastomotic fistula which postoperatively remains unhealed for more than 2 months under conservative care severely impacts the quality of life of the patient and potentially leads to anastomotic stricture after the fistula heals. It is widely accepted that, to avoid this complication, refractory cervical anastomotic fistulas should undergo more aggressive treatments. However, when and which surgical intervention should be considered is unclear. Objective This study was designed to evaluate the role of the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap in the management of refractory cervical anastomotic fistulas based on our experience of 6 cases and a literature review. Methods Six patients diagnosed with refractory cervical anastomotic fistula after esophagectomy treated using pectoralis major myocutaneous flap transfer were included in the study. The clinical data, surgical details, and treatment outcome were retrospectively analyzed. Results All patients survived the operations. One patient who had a circumferential anastomotic defect resulting from surgical exploration developed a mild fistula in the neo-anastomotic site in the 5th postoperative day, which healed after 7 days of conservative care. This patient developed an anastomotic stricture which was partially alleviated by an endoscopic anastomotic dilatation. All the other 5 patients had uneventful recoveries after operations and restored oral intake on the 10th-15th days after operation, and they tolerated normal diets without subsequent sequelae on follow-up. One patient developed both local and lung recurrence and died in 15 months after operation, while the other 5 patients survived with good tumor control during the follow-up of 25-53 months. Conclusion The satisfactory treatment outcome in our study demonstrates that pectoralis major myocutaneous flap reconstruction is a reliable management modality for refractory cervical anastomotic fistulas after esophagectomy, particularly for those patients who experienced persistent fistulas after conservative wound care and repeated wound closures.

Resumo Introdução Uma fístula anastomótica cervical refratária, que permanece sem cicatrização por mais de 2 meses sob cuidados conservadores, afeta gravemente a qualidade de vida do paciente e potencialmente causa estenose anastomótica após a cicatrização da fístula. É amplamente aceito que as fístulas anastomóticas cervicais refratárias devem ser submetidas a tratamentos mais agressivos. No entanto, quando e qual intervenção cirúrgica deve ser considerada ainda é incerto. Objetivo Avaliar o papel do retalho miocutâneo do peitoral maior no manejo de fístula anastomótica cervical refratárias com base em nossa experiência de 6 casos e uma revisão da literatura. Métodos Foram incluídos no estudo seis pacientes diagnosticados com fístula anastomótica cervical refratária após esofagectomia tratados com transferência de retalho miocutâneo do peitoral maior. Os dados clínicos, detalhes cirúrgicos e resultado do tratamento foram analisados retrospectivamente. Resultados Todos os pacientes sobreviveram às cirurgias. Um paciente com defeito anastomótico circunferencial, resultante da exploração cirúrgica, desenvolveu uma fístula leve no sítio neoanastomótico no 5° dia de pós-operatório, que foi resolvida após 7 dias de tratamento conservador. Esse paciente desenvolveu uma estenose anastomótica parcialmente aliviada por uma dilatação endoscópica anastomótica. Todos os outros 5 pacientes tiveram recuperações sem intercorrências após as cirurgias, restabeleceram a ingestão oral 10 ou 15 dias após a operação e toleraram dietas normais sem sequelas subsequentes no seguimento. Um paciente desenvolveu recorrência local e pulmonar e morreu 15 meses após a cirurgia, enquanto os outros 5 pacientes sobreviveram com bom controle tumoral durante o seguimento de 25 a 53 meses. Conclusão O resultado satisfatório do tratamento em nosso estudo demonstra que a reconstrução com o retalho miocutâneo do peitoral maior é uma modalidade de manejo confiável para as fístula anastomótica cervical refratárias após a esofagectomia, particularmente nos pacientes que apresentaram falha após o tratamento conservador das feridas cirúrgicas e com fechamento repetido delas.

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INTRODUCTION: A refractory cervical anastomotic fistula which postoperatively remains unhealed for more than 2 months under conservative care severely impacts the quality of life of the patient and potentially leads to anastomotic stricture after the fistula heals. It is widely accepted that, to avoid this complication, refractory cervical anastomotic fistulas should undergo more aggressive treatments. However, when and which surgical intervention should be considered is unclear. OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to evaluate the role of the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap in the management of refractory cervical anastomotic fistulas based on our experience of 6 cases and a literature review. METHODS: Six patients diagnosed with refractory cervical anastomotic fistula after esophagectomy treated using pectoralis major myocutaneous flap transfer were included in the study. The clinical data, surgical details, and treatment outcome were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: All patients survived the operations. One patient who had a circumferential anastomotic defect resulting from surgical exploration developed a mild fistula in the neo-anastomotic site in the 5th postoperative day, which healed after 7 days of conservative care. This patient developed an anastomotic stricture which was partially alleviated by an endoscopic anastomotic dilatation. All the other 5 patients had uneventful recoveries after operations and restored oral intake on the 10th-15th days after operation, and they tolerated normal diets without subsequent sequelae on follow-up. One patient developed both local and lung recurrence and died in 15 months after operation, while the other 5 patients survived with good tumor control during the follow-up of 25-53 months. CONCLUSION: The satisfactory treatment outcome in our study demonstrates that pectoralis major myocutaneous flap reconstruction is a reliable management modality for refractory cervical anastomotic fistulas after esophagectomy, particularly for those patients who experienced persistent fistulas after conservative wound care and repeated wound closures.

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BACKGROUND: Anastomotic leak is a serious complication of rectal cancer surgery that leads to increased morbidity and mortality. Its incidence is 3-21%, usually appearing 5-7 days after surgery, although there are cases of late presentation as chronic anastomotic fistulas or sinuses. CASE REPORT: We present three cases of patients who underwent anterior resection for rectal cancer and developed necrotizing fasciitis due to late anastomotic leaks. CONCLUSIONS: We believe that early and resolutive surgical treatment is recommended for chronic anastomotic fistulas or sinuses, even when asymptomatic, because of the associated risk of necrotizing fasciitis.

ANTECEDENTES: La dehiscencia anastomótica es una complicación grave de la cirugía del cáncer de recto que conlleva un aumento de la morbimortalidad. Su incidencia se sitúa en un 3-21%, manifestándose habitualmente alrededor del quinto a séptimo días de posoperatorio, si bien existen casos de presentación tardía en forma de fístulas o sinus anastomóticos crónicos. CASOS CLÍNICOS: Presentamos tres casos de pacientes intervenidos mediante resección anterior por cáncer de recto que desarrollaron fascitis necrotizante secundaria a dehiscencia anastomótica tardía. CONCLUSIONES: Creemos recomendable el tratamiento quirúrgico resolutivo y precoz de las fístulas y sinus anastomóticos crónicos, incluso asintomáticos, por el potencial riesgo de fascitis necrotizante que suponen.

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OBJECTIVE: To describe a novel end-to-end "true" reinforced stapling colorectal anastomosis and to assess surgical outcomes in a large case series of advanced cancer patients undergoing this procedure. Anastomotic leakage (AL) remains the main concern following surgery for colorectal cancer. METHODS: Between September 2006 and May 2018, in the context of the Catalonian Program of Peritoneal Carcinomatosis, 1193 consecutive patients with advanced abdominal and/or pelvic tumors were included in a prospective single-center study. They underwent cytoreductive radical surgery (CRS) in most cases combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). Among other surgical procedures, 374 patients underwent rectal resection and colorectal/ileorectal anastomosis, whether alone or associated to other digestive anastomosis. Key aspects of colorectal anastomosis technique were: (1) complete dissection and mobilization of the distal third of the rectum, (2) placement of a stitch that included both ends of the linear stapling of the rectal stump that was knotted on the anvil of the circular stapler, (3) "cleaning" the fatty tissue of the intestinal ends, (4) adjustment of the height of staples to the thickness of the intestinal wall, and (5) a second layer of interrupted nonperforating sutures placed circumferentially to reinforce the stapled anastomoses. A diverting stoma was not performed. RESULTS: According to clinical criteria, of the 1193 patients included, 296 cases underwent CRS (group 1) and 897 cases CRS + HIPEC (group 2). In group 1, 332 surgical procedures were performed, with 248 digestive anastomoses, of which 98 (39.5%) were colorectal anastomoses, associated to other digestive anastomosis in 37 cases. In group 2, 972 surgical procedures were performed, with 707 digestive anastomoses, of which 263 were colorectal (37.2%), 116 were associated with other digestive anastomosis. Ileocolic anastomosis was the most frequently associated digestive anastomosis. 71 major urinary reconstructions, 283 radical hysterectomies and no diverting stoma were performed. Globally, there was only three colo-ileorectal AL (3/374 = 0.8%). The overall 90-day mortality rate was 0.25%. CONCLUSIONS: A technical modification to create a "true" end-to-end and completely circular reinforced anastomosis effectively prevents anastomotic leakage in patients with advanced tumors undergoing radical resection of the rectum, with no need of diverting stoma.

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Introducción: En los últimos años ha habido una gran difusión de la cirugía laparoscópica para el manejo de la patología colorrectal. La dehiscencia anastomótica es una de las complicaciones más graves, con una elevada morbi-mortalidad. La reoperación por vía laparoscópica podría ser una opción válida para tratar esta complicación, manteniendo ciertos beneficios del abordaje miniinvasivo. Objetivos: Evaluar la factibilidad y seguridad del abordaje laparoscópico en el manejo de la dehiscencia anastomótica en cirugía colorrectal y en forma secundaria comparar los resultados con la reoperación por vía convencional. Materiales y Método: Se analizó una serie retrospectiva, completada en forma prospectiva, se incluyeron 1693 pacientes (junio 2000 - septiembre 2018). Los pacientes que fueron reoperados por dehiscencia anastomótica se dividieron en dos grupos según el abordaje de la reoperación: laparoscópico (Grupo 1, G1) y laparotómico (Grupo 2, G2). Se compararon ambos grupos teniendo en cuenta factores demográficos, estadía hospitalaria, complicaciones, morbilidad y mortalidad. Las complicaciones se estratificaron según la clasificación de Dindo y Clavien, y se tuvieron en cuenta las más graves (categorías 3, 4 y 5). Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó el T student y chi cuadrado. Resultados: Ciento seis (6,26%) pacientes fueron reoperados por dehiscencia anastomótica. Ochenta y cinco (80%) fueron incluidos en el grupo 1 y 21 (20%) en el grupo 2. La única diferencia demográfica entre ambos grupos fue una mayor cantidad de pacientes obesos en el grupo laparoscópico (G1: 17 (20%) vs. G2: 0, p: 0,02). Hubo una tendencia hacia un intervalo menor entre la cirugía inicial y la reexploración, pero sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas (5,18 días vs. 6,23 días, p: 0,22). En 84 (79%) la conducta quirúrgica fue lavado y confección de ostomía proximal de protección (G1: 74 vs. G2: 10, p: 0,001). El desmonte de la anastomosis y la confección de ostomía terminal debió realizarse en 8 pacientes (G1: 4 vs G2: 4, p: 0,02). Nueve pacientes en G1 y 3 pacientes en G2 requirieron más de una cirugía (p: 0,63). Las complicaciones fueron similares entre ambos grupos, sólo se incluyeron los grados 3, 4 y 5 (G1: 21,2% vs G2: 28,6% p: 0,34). El promedio de estadía hospitalaria disminuyó con el abordaje laparoscópico (10,71 días vs. 11,57 días, p: 0,66), a pesar de que no hubo diferencia estadística entre ambos grupos. Conclusiones: La reintervención laparoscópica es un tratamiento válido y seguro para el manejo de la dehiscencia anastomótica en cirugía laparoscópica colorrectal. (AU)

Introduction: In recent years there has been a great diffusion of laparoscopic surgery for the management of colorectal pathology. Anastomotic dehiscence is one of the most serious complications, with high morbidity and mortality. Laparoscopic reoperation could be a valid option to treat this complication, maintaining certain benefits of the minimally invasive approach. Objectives: To evaluate the viability and safety of the laparoscopic approach in the management of anastomotic dehiscence in colorectal surgery and as a secondary end point to compare the results with those of reoperation by conventional approach. Material and Methods: A series of 1693 patients that underwent laparoscopic colorectal surgery was analyzed, from a prospective database (June 2000 - September 2018). Patients were divided into two groups according to the approach performed in the reoperative surgery: laparoscopy (G 1) or laparotomy (G 2). Demographic data, hospital stay, type of complication, morbidity and mortality were analyzed. Dindo-Clavien classification was used to stratify postoperative complications and only categories 3, 4 and 5 were included. Data were statistically analyzed with Student ́s t test and chi-square test.Results: A hundred six patients (6.26%) were reoperated because of AL, 85 (80%) by laparoscopy and 21 (20%) by conventional surgery. The only demographic difference between both groups was that more obese patients were included in G1 (G1: 17, 20% vs. G2: 0, p=0.02). Interval of time between surgeries was lower in G1 without statistical difference (5.18 vs. 6.23 days, p=0.22). In 84 patients (79%) abdominal lavage and loop ostomy was performed (G1: 74 vs. G2: 10, p=0.001). Anastomosis takedown was required in 8 patients (G1: 4 vs. G2: 4, p=0.02). 9 patients in G1 and 3 in G2 needed more than one reexploration (p= 0.63). Postoperative complications were similar in both groups, grades 3, 4 and 5 were included (G1: 21, 2% vs. G2: 28.6%, p= 0.34). In average hospital stay was decreased in G1 (10.7 vs. 11.6 days, p=0.66), without statistical difference. Conclusion: Laparoscopic reintervention can be a safe treatment for anastomotic leakage after laparoscopic colorectal surgery. (AU)

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OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of the incidence of late anastomotic dehiscences, defined as those occurring after the 60th post-operative day, in the final results of rectal cancer treatment. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed reviewing all anastomotic leakages (AL) recorded in a prospective rectal cancer database, from November 2006 to December 2015. RESULTS: The analysis included 395 (71.5%) colo-rectal anastomosis performed in 552 patients undergoing rectal cancer surgery. Overall 32 (8.1%). AL were identified: 25 (78%) early and 7 (22%) late. Late AL compared to early AL were significantly associated with: higher ASA score (p = 0.021), higher CLS score (p = 0.005), lower rectal tumours (p = 0.014), neo-adjuvant radio-chemotherapy (p = 0.028), presence of ileostomy (p = 0.013), early hospital discharge (p = 0.048) and with the need for definitive stoma creation (p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: Late AL can represent up to 22% of all AL; with significant long-term implications such as an increase of the requirement of definitive stoma or chronic pelvic sepsis. This findings could modify the long-term outcomes in rectal cancer published. In our experience, the late AL do not represent a distinct clinical process compared to early forms, with exception of the chronological criteria.

OBJETIVO: Valorar el impacto de la incidencia de dehiscencias anastomóticas tardías, definidas como las aparecidas después del día 60 del posoperatorio, en los resultados finales del tratamiento del cáncer de recto. MÉTODO: Estudio retrospectivo de todas las dehiscencias anastomóticas recogidas a largo plazo en un registro prospectivo de cáncer de recto entre noviembre de 2006 y diciembre de 2015. RESULTADOS: Se realizaron 395 anastomosis colorrectales en 552 pacientes con cáncer de recto (71.5%) y se diagnosticaron 32 dehiscencias anastomóticas (8.1%): 25 precoces (78%) y 7 tardías (22%). Las tardías se diferenciaron de las precoces por presentarse en pacientes con mayor puntuación ASA (p = 0.021), mayor puntuación predictiva CLS (p = 0.005), tumores más bajos (p = 0.014), neoadyuvancia (p = 0.028), ileostomía (p = 0.013), menos tiempo de estancia posoperatoria (p = 0.048) y mayor necesidad de estomas definitivos (p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONES: Las dehiscencias anastomóticas tardías pueden suponer el 22% de las dehiscencias totales y se acompañan de un aumento de estomas definitivos y de sepsis pélvica crónica que podrían empeorar los estándares publicados en cáncer de recto. En nuestra experiencia no son diferentes de las formas precoces salvo en su cronología.

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OBJECTIVE: To analyze the risk factors for anastomosis leak in colon cancer surgery (CCS) in our environment, and developed a predictive equation for that risk. METHOD: We performed a case-control study nested in a cohort of 576 consecutive patients undergoing colon cancer surgery with primary anastomosis, univariate statistical tests and univariate logistic regression for statistical analysis of associated factors with anastomosis leak in colon cancer surgery, and multivariate logistic regression for predicting that risk using a predictive equation associated with a ROC curve. RESULTS: We obtained a higher risk of anastomosis leak in patients whose operative time was longer than 180 minutes. The variables: preoperative transfusion, previous pathologies, nutritional status, approach, surgical technique or age do not influence the development of this complication. The equation found has a sensitivity of 64.1% and a specificity of 67.5%. CONCLUSION: Operation time longer than 180 minutes was the main risk factor for anastomosis leak. Our equation can hardly predict this risk. After further validation, our results may help the surgeon make a more individualized, safer decision regarding whether to perform an anastomosis or make a stoma.

OBJETIVO: Analizar los posibles factores de riesgo de dehiscencia de anastomosis tras cirugía de cáncer de colon en nuestro entorno y elaborar una ecuación predictiva del riesgo. MÉTODO: Estudio de casos y controles sobre una cohorte de 576 pacientes intervenidos de cáncer de colon. Se realizó análisis descriptivo, análisis univariante y regresión logística multivariante para la predicción del riesgo de dehiscencia de anastomosis mediante una ecuación predictiva asociada a curva ROC. RESULTADOS: Existe mayor riesgo de presentar dehiscencia de anastomosis cuando el tiempo quirúrgico supera los 180 minutos. La transfusión preoperatoria, la patología previa, el estado nutricional, la vía de abordaje, la técnica quirúrgica y la edad no influyen en el desarrollo de esta complicación. Se ha determinado el punto de corte óptimo para la predicción aplicando la ecuación, que presenta una sensibilidad del 64.1% y una especificidad del 67.5%. CONCLUSIÓN: El tiempo quirúrgico prolongado es el principal factor de riesgo de fuga tras la cirugía. Nuestra ecuación difícilmente puede predecir dicho riesgo. Tras su validación, nuestros resultados pueden ayudar al cirujano a tomar una decisión individualizada y segura sobre realizar una anastomosis primaria o dejar un estoma.

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OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether the application of mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) before colorectal surgery reduces the risk of developing infectious complications in children. STUDY DESIGN: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched to identify all articles comparing pediatric patients receiving MBP with pediatric patients not receiving MBP before colorectal surgery. Results are presented with weighted risk differences based on the number of events and sample size per study. RESULTS: Six original studies were included comparing MBP (n = 810) and no MBP (n = 1167). The overall risk of developing infectious complications was 10.1% in patients with MBP, compared with 9.1% in patients without MBP, resulting in a nonsignificant risk difference of -0.03% (95% CI, -0.09% to 0.03%). Concerning the number of wound infections and anastomotic leaks, we found nonsignificant risk differences of -0.03% (95% CI, -0.08% to 0.02%) and 0.01% (95% CI, -0.01% to 0.02%), respectively. CONCLUSION: Based on the current literature, there is insufficient evidence to indicate that the use of MBP leads to a significant difference in the risk of developing infectious complications in pediatric colorectal surgery.

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INTRODUCCIÓN: La fuga de anastomosis (FA) en cirugía colorrectal es una complicación temida por el incremento de la morbimortalidad. La tasa de FA se reporta desde el 1 hasta el 25%. Realizar el diagnóstico de forma temprana es difícil. OBJETIVO: Determinar el rendimiento diagnóstico de la proteína C reactiva (PCR) en una cohorte de pacientes sometidos a cirugía colorrectal electiva con anastomosis. MÉTODO: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, comparativo, en 138 pacientes sometidos a cirugía colorrectal con anastomosis de forma electiva, analizando los valores séricos de la PCR los días 1, 3, 5 y 7 del posoperatorio, así como los de leucocitos y otros datos de sepsis abdominal. RESULTADOS: La tasa de FA fue del 6.5%, y los valores de la PCR fueron significativamente más altos en el grupo de pacientes con FA en el tercer día del posoperatorio. Con un punto de corte de 18.5 mg/dl en el tercer día del posoperatorio se obtuvo una sensibilidad del 81%, una especificidad del 91%, un valor predictivo positivo del 45% y un valor predictivo negativo del 98%. CONCLUSIÓN: La medición de la PCR en el tercer día del posoperatorio en pacientes sometidos a cirugía colorrectal electiva con anastomosis primaria o secundaria permite identificar las complicaciones sépticas, incluida la FA. INTRODUCTION: The anastomotic leakage (AL) in colorectal surgery is a complication feared by the increase in morbidity and mortality. The rate of AF is reported from 1 to 25%. Making the diagnosis early is difficult. OBJECTIVE: To determine the diagnostic performance of the C reactive protein (CRP) in a cohort of patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery with anastomosis. METHOD: A prospective, comparative study was conducted in 138 patients undergoing elective anastomosis with colorectal surgery, analyzing the serum values of CRP on postoperative days 1, 3, 5 and 7, as well as leukocytes and other abdominal sepsis data. RESULTS: The AL rate was 6.5%, the CRP values were significantly higher in the group of patients with AF on the 3rd postoperative day; with a cut-off point of 18.5 mg/dl on the third postoperative day, it obtained sensitivity 81%, specificity 91%, positive predictive value 45%, negative predictive value 98%. CONCLUSION: Measurement of CRP on the third postoperative day in patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery with primary or secondary anastomosis allows the identification of septic complications including leakage of anastomosis.

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Introducción: La hemicolectomía derecha con anastomosis ileocólica es una cirugía frecuentemente realizada para la que existen muchas formas de realizarla. Objetivo: Evaluar cuál es la mejor anastomosis ilecólica en términos de morbimortalidad y realizar una evaluación comparativa de la evolución clínica posoperatoria según el tipo de configuración anastomótica. Pacientes y Método: Estudio observacional analítico, con criterios de inclusión y exclusión definidos. Las variables a estudiar las dividimos en dos grupos, las relacionadas a la técnica quirúrgica y su configuración anastomótica, y las variables relacionadas con resultados de la intervención quirúrgica, creando una tabla de contingencia en que se cruzan los datos. Análisis de datos con STATA 13.0. Resultados: 216 pacientes con anastomosis ileocólica, destacando significancia estadística al cruzar: A) reoperación y tipo de sutura (p = 0,044), con un OR 3,4 (IC 95% 0,94-18,6), siendo de mayor riesgo la mecánica; B) mortalidad y urgencia (p = 0,001) con un OR 7,76 (IC 95% 1,56-49,29), siendo de mayor riesgo la cirugía de urgencia. Las anastomosis isoperistálticas possen eliminación de gases (p < 0,001), tránsito intestinal (p = 0,009) e ingesta de sólidos (p = 0,005) más precoz. Hay expulsión de gases antes en el abordaje laparoscópico, sutura manual, configuración término lateral e isoperistáltica de la anastomosis y cirugía electiva. Conclusión: Existe gran variabilidad de técnicas para realizar la anastomosis ileocólica. La anastomosis manual muestra menor probabilidad de necesitar una reintervención quirúrgica, la cirugía electiva tiene menor mortalidad que la realizada de urgencia. Sugerimos realizarla vía laparoscópica, con sutura manual, término lateral, isoperistáltica y de forma electiva, por tener una recuperación más corta.

Introduction: Right hemicolectomy with ileocolic anastomosis is a frequent surgery with many ways to perform it. Objective: To evaluate which is the best ileocolic anastomosis in terms of morbidity and mortality and to make a comparative evaluation of the postoperative clinical evolution according to the type of anastomosis. Patients and Method: Analytical observational study, with defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The variables to be studied are divided into two groups, those related to the surgical technique and its anastomotic configuration, and the variables related to the results of the surgical intervention, creating a contingency table that crosses the data. Data analysis with STATA 13.0. Results: 216 patients with ileocolic anastomosis, highlighting statistical significance when crossing: A) reoperation and type of suture (p = 0.044), with UN or 3.4 (95% CI 0.94 to 18.6), being of greater risk the mechanics; B) mortality and urgency (p = 0.001) with an OR 7.76 (95% CI 1.56-49.29), with emergency surgery being of greater risk. Isoperistaltic anastomosis with gas elimination (p < 0.001), intestinal transit (p = 0.009) and solid intake (p = 0.005) earlier. There is earlier expulsion of gases in the laparoscopic approach, manual suture, end-to-side and isoperistaltic of the anastomosis and elective surgery. Conclusion: There is great variability of techniques to perform the ileocolic anastomosis. Manual anastomosis is less likely to require surgical reoperation, elective surgery has a lower mortality than that of emergency surgery. We suggest performing it laparoscopically, with manual suture, lateral term, isoperistaltic and electively, for having a shorter recovery.

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Objetivo. Mostrar la experiencia en el manejo de pacientes con dehiscencia de las anastomosis esófago-yeyunales o esófago-gástricas con prótesis autoexpandibles esofágicas (PEA). Material y métodos. Durante los años 2012 y 2013 se registraron las complicaciones posgastrectomía total en pacientes con cáncer gástrico con anastomosis efectuadas a nivel abdominal o a nivel torácico. Se incluyeron solo los pacientes con dehiscencias o fugas de las anastomosis. Se elaboró una hoja de registro donde se consignó de cada paciente la edad, sexo, localización de la lesión, estado clínico, si recibió repleción nutricional, quimioterapia y o radioterapia, día de presentación de la fístula o dehiscencia, cuantificación del tamaño, tipo de manejo, mortalidad, prótesis utilizada, número de prótesis, migración y retiro. Resultados. Se registraron 6 pacientes, 5 con dehiscencia a nivel abdominal y uno a nivel torácico. Cinco con adenocarcinoma gástrico y uno por GIST gástrico con metástasis hepáticas. Dos habían recibido repleción nutricional por perdida mayor de 10% de su peso corporal. A todos los pacientes se les realizó anastomosis con sutura mecánica. Cuatro hombres y dos mujeres. A cinco pacientes se les realizó estudio radiológico con medio de contraste hidrosoluble, confirmando la dehiscencia en tres de ellos. Todos los pacientes fueron manejados con reexploración quirúrgica y drenaje. Solo a dos pacientes se les colocó la prótesis durante la nueva cirugía. Dos pacientes requirieron de una segunda prótesis por migración. En total la migración se observó en 50% de los pacientes. La estancia hospitalaria más larga fue de 68 días, con una mortalidad de dos pacientes (33%), uno con una fístula crónica manejada con dos prótesis y el otro el mismo día de su reintervención. Las prótesis fueron retiradas después de la cuarta semana. Conclusiones. La frecuencia de esta complicación varía de 0 a 30%. El reconocimiento temprano y manejo oportuno son esenciales ...

Objective: The objective of this study is to show our experience in the management of patients with dehiscence of jejunal-esophageal or esophageal-gastric anastomoses through the use of esophageal self-expanding stents. Materials and Methods: During 2012 and 2013 all complications following gastrectomies in gastric cancer patients with anastomoses were recorded. Only patients with dehiscence or anastomotic leaks were included in this study. An information form was used to record each patient’s age, sex, location of lesion, medical condition, whether nutritional repletion had been received, whether patient had undergone chemotherapy or radiation therapy, date of presentation of the fistula or dehiscence, measurements of size, type of management used, mortality, stent used, number of stents used, stent migration and stent removal. Results: Six patients, four men and two women, five of whom had abdominal dehiscence and one who had thoracic dehiscence, were included. They had five gastric adenocarcinomas and one gastric GIST with liver metastasis. Two had received nutritional repletion because they had lost 10% of their body weight. All patients were had their anastomoses stapled. Five patients underwent radiological studies with water-soluble contrast which confirmed dehiscence in three of them. All patients were managed with surgical re-exploration and drainage. Only two patients had their stents replaced during surgery which were required because of stent migration. Migration was observed in 50% of these patients. The longest hospital stay was 68 days. Two patients (33%) died, one had a chronic fistula managed with two prostheses and the other died on same day as his second surgical intervention. Stents were removed after the fourth week. Conclusions: The frequency of this complication varies from 0% to 30%. Early recognition and appropriate management are essential when faced with this complication. A few years ago this complication was ...

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