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More than 1.5 billion people worldwide have arterial hypertension. Hypertension increases the risks of death and cardiovascular disease, such as atrial fibrillation and heart failure. The autonomic nervous system plays an essential role in hypertension development and disease progression. While lifestyle factors, such as obesity and obstructive sleep apnea, predispose to hypertension by increasing sympathetic activity, hypertension itself maintains the autonomic nervous imbalance, providing the substrate for atrial fibrillation and heart failure. Therefore, autonomic nervous system modulation either by direct targeting or indirect treatment of comorbidities has the potential to treat both hypertension and related atrial and ventricular end-organ damage. We discuss interventions for the modulation of the autonomic nervous system for hypertension and related cardiac end-organ damage, including pharmacological adrenergic beta-receptor blockade, renal denervation, carotid baroreceptor stimulation, low-level vagal stimulation, and ablation of ganglionated plexuses. In summary, the literature suggests that targeting the autonomic nervous system potentially represents a therapeutic approach to prevent atrial and ventricular end-organ damage in patients with hypertension. However, clinical trials specifically designed to test the effect of autonomic modulation on hypertension-mediated cardiac end-organ damage are scarce.

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Ablation therapy is a type of minimally invasive treatment, utilized for various organs including the brain, heart, and kidneys. The accuracy of the ablation process is critically important to avoid both insufficient and excessive ablation, which may result in compromised efficacy or complications. The thermal ablation is formulated by two theoretical models: the heat transfer (HT) and necrosis formation (NF) models. In modern medical practices, feed-forward (FF) and temperature feedback (TFB) controls are primarily used as ablation control methodologies. FF involves pre-therapy procedure planning based on previous experiences and theoretical knowledge without monitoring the intraoperative tissue response, hence, it can't compensate for discrepancies in the assumed HT or NF models. These discrepancies can arise due to individual patient's tissue characteristic differences and specific environmental conditions. Conversely, TFB control is based on the intraoperative temperature profile. It estimates the resulting heat damage based on the monitored temperature distribution and assumed NF model. Therefore, TFB can make necessary adjustments even if there is an error in the assumed HT model. TFB is thus seen as a more robust control method against modeling errors in the HT model. Still, TFB is limited as it assumes a fixed NF model, irrespective of the patient or the ablation technique used. An ideal solution to these limitations would be to actively monitor heat damage to the tissue during the operation and utilize this data to control ablation. This strategy is defined as necrosis feedback (NFB) in this study. Such real-time necrosis monitoring modalities making NFB possible are emerging, however, there is an absence of a generalized study that discusses the integration and quantifies the significance of the real-time necrosis monitor techniques for ablation therapy. Such an investigation is expected to clarify the universal principles of how these techniques would improve ablation therapy. In this study, we examine the potential of NFB in suppressing errors associated with the NF model as NFB is theoretically capable of monitoring and suppressing the errors associated with the NF models in its closed control loop. We simulate and compare the performances of TFB and NFB with artificially generated modeling errors using the finite element method (FEM). The results show that NFB provides more accurate ablation control than TFB when NF-oriented errors are applied, indicating NFB's potential to improve the ablation control accuracy and highlighting the value of the ongoing research to make real-time necrosis monitoring a clinically viable option.

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RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To compare perioperative and oncology outcomes of ablation and partial nephrectomy in small renal masses (SRMs). METHODS: We conduct this meta-analysis strictly according to the PRISMA standard, and the quality evaluation follows the AMSTAR standard. Four databases, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, were systematically searched. The search time range is from database creation to November 2023. Stata16 statistical software was used for statistical analysis. Weighted mean difference (WMD) represented continuity variables, odds ratio or relative risk (OR/RR) represented dichotomies variables, and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated. RESULTS: A total of 27 studies, including 6030 patients. Results showed that patients undergoing partial nephrectomy were younger (WMD = -5.45 years, 95%CI [-7.44, -3.46], P < 0.05), had longer operation time (WMD = 64.91 min, 95%CI [44.47, 85.34], P < 0.05), had longer length of stay (WMD = 2.91 days, 95%CI [2.04, 3.78], P < 0.05), and had more estimated blood loss (WMD = 97.76 ml, 95%CI [69.48, 126.04]. P < 0.05), the overall complication rate was higher (OR = 1.84, 95%CI [1.48, 2.29], P < 0.05), the major complication rate was higher (OR = 1.98, 95%CI [1.36, 2.88], P < 0.05), and the recurrence rate was lower (OR = 0.32, 95%Cl [0.20, 0.50], P < 0.05). However, there were no differences between ablation and partial nephrectomy in cancer-specific survival (CSS) (HR = 2.07, 95%CI [0.61, 7.04], P > 0.05), overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.24, 95%CI [0.58, 2.65], P > 0.05), and recurrence-free survival (RFS) (HR = 2.68, 95%CI [0.91, 7.88], P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Patients undergoing partial nephrectomy are younger, have longer operation time and length of stay, and have higher complication rate. However, there was no significant difference in CSS, OS, and RFS between partial nephrectomy and ablation, but more well-designed, high-quality studies are needed to confirm this.

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This study aimed to compare the efficacy of percutaneous microwave ablation therapy (MWAT) and laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) in early-stage renal cell carcinoma (RCC) classified as T1a; a retrospective analysis was conducted on patients treated between January 2017 and November 2023. Oncological outcomes, radiological recurrence, length of stay (LOS), and costs were evaluated. The study included 110 patients, with no significant differences between the two groups regarding residual tumors, local tumor progression, and disease-free survival rates (p > 0.05). The LPN group showed significantly lower pre/postoperative serum urea and creatinine and higher estimated glomerular filtration rate values, whereas the MWA group experienced significantly lower mean costs, complication rates, LOS in the hospital, and procedure durations (p ≤ 0.05). However, post-procedure residual tumors and local tumor progression rates did not differ significantly between the LPN and MWAT groups (p > 0.05). MWAT is as effective as LPN for T1a RCC lesions. In addition, MWAT has lower costs than LPN and is a cost-effective treatment method. Therefore, MWAT minimizes hospital stay and complications and since the oncological results are similar to LPN, it might be considered as the first choice of treatment in young patients.

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is projected to become the third leading cause of death globally by 2030. Despite the limited treatment options available for advanced COPD, which are mostly restricted to costly lung transplants, physical ablation therapy offers promising alternatives. This technique focuses on ablating lesioned airway epithelium, reducing secretions and obstructions, and promoting normal epithelial regeneration, demonstrating significant therapeutic potential. Physical ablation therapy primarily involves thermal steam ablation, cryoablation, targeted lung denervation, and high-voltage pulsed electric field ablation. These methods help transform the hypersecretory phenotype, alleviate airway inflammation, and decrease the volume of emphysematous lung segments by targeting goblet cells and damaged lung areas. Compared to traditional treatments, endoscopic physical ablation offers fewer injuries, quicker recovery, and enhanced safety. However, its application in COPD remains limited due to inconsistent clinical outcomes, a lack of well-understood mechanisms, and the absence of standardized guidelines. This review begins by exploring the development of these ablation techniques and their current clinical uses in COPD treatment. It then delves into the therapeutic effects reported in recent clinical studies and discusses the underlying mechanisms. Finally, the review assesses the future prospects and challenges of employing ablation technology in COPD clinical practice, aiming to provide a practical reference and a theoretical basis for its use and inspire further research.

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Radioembolization with yttrium-90 (Y90) is a recent oncological interventional radiology technique used to treat hepatocellular carcinoma and metastatic colon cancer to the liver. Although Y90 selective internal radiation therapy (Y90-SIRT) is considered a safe and effective treatment, with increasing use, hepatic and extrahepatic complications have been reported. Here, we present a case of upper gastrointestinal bleeding caused by gastric ulceration associated with radioembolization from Y90-SIRT, as confirmed by histological findings. Unlike dyspeptic ulcers, radioembolization ulcers originate on the serosal surface, predisposing patients to adhesions, bowel obstruction, or perforation, as well as gastrointestinal bleeding.

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Background: This meta-analysis was conducted to assess the survival benefits of repeat hepatectomy (RH) and thermal ablation therapy (TAT) in managing recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in the PubMed, SinoMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Medline, and Web of Science databases using relevant keywords to identify all studies published on this specific topic. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using a fixed-effects model. Results: This meta-analysis included a total of 21 studies, comprising 2580 patients with recurrent HCC, among whom 1189 underwent RH and 1394 underwent TAT. Meta-analysis results demonstrated that the RH group exhibited superior overall survival (OS) (HR=0.85, 95%CI 0.76∼0.95, P=0.004) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) (HR=0.79, 95%CI 0.7∼0.9, P<0.01) compared to the TAT group. Regarding postoperative complications, the TAT group experienced fewer complications than the RH group (OR=3.23, 95%CI 1.48∼7.07, P=0.003), while no significant difference in perioperative mortality was observed between the two groups (OR=2.11, 95%CI 0.54∼8.19, P=0.28). Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that, in comparison to TAT, RH may confer superior survival benefits for patients with recurrent HCC.

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the alterations in serum metabolic profiles and early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patient characteristics after radiofrequency ablation (RFA) therapy. This evaluation aimed to assess treatment effectiveness and identify potential novel approaches and targets for HCC treatment and prognosis monitoring. METHODS: Untargeted metabolomics technology was employed to analyze serum metabolic profiles in healthy volunteer controls (NCs) and early stage HCC patients before and after RFA therapy. Additionally, Human Metabolome Database and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database were used to identify the differential metabolites (DMs) and metabolic pathways. Cystoscape was utilized to construct DM gene networks. Amino acid analyses were performed to validate our findings. RESULTS: We identified 11, 14, and six DMs between the NC and HCC groups, HCC patients before and after RFA therapy, and post-RFA HCC and NC groups, respectively. The expression levels of these DMs, particularly those of amino acids and lipids, significantly changed. Compared with the NC group, higher levels of L-tyrosine, aspartate, and 18-oxo-oleate were observed in HCC patients, which were significantly reduced in patients after RFA therapy. Meanwhile, HCC patients after RFA therapy had increased levels of L-arginine, phosphatidic acid (20:3), and lysophosphatidyl choline (LPC) (20:4) compared to those before therapy, while their levels before therapy were lower than those of NC. Moreover, most metabolites in the post-RFA and NC groups showed no significant changes in expression, except for L-tyrosine and LPC (16:0). These metabolites could potentially serve as characteristic factors of early-stage HCC patients after RFA therapy. Joint pathway analysis revealed striking changes, mainly in phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis; alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism; and arginine and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis. Bioinformatics analysis of publicly available data preliminarily identified 187 DM-related metabolic enzymes. CONCLUSION: Our study proposed novel targets for early-stage HCC treatment, laying the groundwork for improving treatment efficacy and prognosis of early-stage HCC patients.

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Uncontrollable cancer pain is a highly feared and debilitating symptom. The effectiveness of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for osseous metastases with intractable cancer-related pain refractory to pharmacological therapy has been reported previously. This case report is the first to demonstrate the use of RFA to achieve pain relief in a patient suffering severe pain caused by para-aortic lymph node metastasis. A 55-year-old male complained of intractable pain in the left groin and perineum due to malignant psoas syndrome caused by metastatic para-aortic lymph nodes. The pain was refractory to medications including opioids and nerve blocks. Considering the dermatome indicating referred pain and the imaging findings, RFA of the area of invasion was performed at the L3 level. The severe pain was relieved within 24 hours without any complications. Opioids were tapered at each postoperative outpatient visit. We discuss the use of RFA for control of intractable cancer-related pain refractory to medication, including opioids.

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Objective:To investigate the value of a novel technique called visual transient elastography (ViTE) and liver steatosis analysis (LiSA) in assessing liver function injury in hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-related HCC) patients after ablation therapy.Methods:A total of 129 HBV-related HCC patients in Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital from January 2022 to August 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.ViTE and LiSA examinations were applied to record the liver stiffness E value and LiSA value before ablation. An albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) score was constructed using laboratory indicators. Spearman correlation analysis was used to assess the correlation between E value, LiSA value and ALBI score, body mass index (BMI). According to the change of ALBI grade in perioperative period, the patients could be divided into two groups: liver function unchanged group and liver function injury group. Univariate and multivariate statistical methods were used to analyze related factors affecting changes in liver function after ablation, followed by establishing a predictive model.Results:Spearman analysis showed a strong positive correlation between E value and ALBI score ( rs=0.686, P<0.001), and LiSA value was weakly positively correlated with BMI ( rs=0.338, P<0.001). There were no significant correlations between E value and BMI, LiSA value and ALBI score (all P>0.05). Univariate analysis showed that differences of age, BMI, ablation parameters, E value, and LiSA value in the two groups were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that E value, LiSA value, and ablation time were independent predictors of hepatic dysfunction after ablation (all P<0.05). AUC was 0.892 indicating high accuracy in the predictive model based on above indicators. Conclusions:Under the real-time ultrasound guidance, a non-invasive liver function injury prediction model based on ViTE and LiSA technology can offer personalized predictions for ablative perioperative changes in liver function among HBV-related HCC patients.

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Introduction: Due to the increase in the number of early-stage breast cancer patients, there is growing interest in minimally invasive local therapies for breast cancer. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) therapy is one of the most promising minimally invasive treatments. The Radiofrequency Ablation Therapy for Early Breast Cancer as Local Therapy (RAFAELO) study, a multicenter collaborative study that aims to validate the efficacy and safety of RFA and to standardize its use for early-stage breast cancer, was conducted under the Advanced Medical Care B system in 2013. This study enrolled the expected number of patients in November 2017; moreover, it is currently in the follow-up period. Some patients with early-stage breast cancer who are eligible for RFA could not receive the RFA treatment, as it is still not covered by insurance. Therefore, the Patients Offer Radiofrequency Ablation Therapy for Early Breast Cancer as Local Therapy (PO-RAFAELO) study under the Patient-proposed Health Services (PPHS) was proposed and approved in March 2019. Methods: The PPHS is a system that allows patients to receive prompt access to advanced medical care at a medical facility close to them, starting with their request. This system is considered a part of the specific and special medical coverage. The PO-RAFAELO study is the only study in the surgical field utilizing the PPHS, aiming to help in achieving regulatory approval and insurance coverage of RFA for breast cancer. Results: As of January 2023, 120 patients have undergone RFA using the PPHS and no grade 3 or higher early adverse events have occurred. Conclusions: A certain number of patients with early-stage breast cancer prefer nonsurgical treatment, and it is important to provide information regarding the availability of RFA for early-stage breast cancer under the PPHS.Trial registration: registered with Japan Registry of Clinical Trial on March 06, 2019 (Trial ID: jRCTs032180187).

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Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly aggressive malignancy, often accompanied by liver metastases as a common manifestation. While palliative chemotherapy remains the mainstay treatment for liver metastatic PC, local treatment approaches have gained attention, especially for patients with oligometastasis who exhibit a positive response to chemotherapy. This case report illustrates the successful application of a liver-first strategy in a 79-year-old male diagnosed with liver oligometastatic PC, originating in the pancreatic tail. The strategy encompassed percutaneous microwave ablation for liver metastases, followed by FOLFIRINOX (5-fluorouracil, folic acid, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin) chemotherapy, and subsequent primary tumor resection. The patient has remained disease-free for over a year post-surgery. This multidisciplinary approach may hold promise for selected patients with liver oligometastatic PC, although further research and case studies are needed for comprehensive evaluation.

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Hard-to-heal or recurrent leg ulcers can have multiple aetiologies. One of these is incompetent veins. The main focus of this article is to discuss the common treatment for venous leg ulcers with the use of sclerotherapy. This simple surgical procedure obliterates smaller veins and telangiectasia. Veins with larger diameters (varicosities) can be treated with ablation therapy. The intent of sclerosis or ablation therapy is to destroy the incompetent veins and allow the collateral circulation to improve venous return, decreasing venous hypertension, which then enhances skin closure, wound healing and the resolution of the ulcer.

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Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a prevalent cardiac condition predominantly affecting older adults, characterized by irregular heartbeat rhythm. The condition often leads to significant disability and increased mortality rates. Traditionally, two therapeutic strategies have been employed for its treatment: heart rate control and rhythm control. Recent clinical studies have emphasized the critical role of early restoration of sinus rhythm in improving patient outcomes. The persistence of the irregular rhythm allows for the progression and structural remodeling of the atria, eventually leading to irreversible stages, as observed clinically when AF becomes permanent. Cardioversion to sinus rhythm alters this progression pattern through mechanisms that are still being studied. In this review, we provide an in-depth analysis of the pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for maintaining AF and how they are modified during sinus rhythm restoration using existing therapeutic strategies at different stages of clinical investigation. Moreover, we explore potential future therapeutic approaches, including the promising prospect of gene therapy.

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Aim of the study: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of mortality among patients with liver cirrhosis. According to the current practice guidelines, different ablations are used either as curative or palliative therapies. The current study aimed at determining bacterial infections as causes of fever and the predictive role of procalcitonin (PCT) among patients with HCC who had ablation therapy. Material and methods: This cross sectional study was carried out on 100 patients with HCC during the period from November 2019 to December 2021. All patients were evaluated by full history taking, clinical examination, complete blood picture (CBC), liver biochemistry, coagulation profile, kidney function, C-reactive protein (CRP), serum PCT and blood cultures. All were done for all participants at the 4th day follow-up after the procedures of ablation. HCC was treated according to the guidelines. Results: The frequency of fever after HCC ablation was 64% with variable intensities. Bacterial cultures were positive in 20 patients (20%). Twenty-four out of 100 patients had abnormally high PCT level. There was a highly statistically significant increase of PCT level in patients with a high CRP count and positive blood culture, p < 0.05. There was a statistically significant correlation between increased levels of PCT and levels of CRP, WBCs, albumin, AST, ALT, degree of fever, creatinine and BUN. Conclusions: Bacterial infection accounts for 20% of fever among HCC patients after ablation therapy. PCT is 100% sensitive and specific for detection of the bacterial causes of fever among those patients.

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Atrial fibrillation is a diverse clinical entity, with persistent atrial fibrillation (PeAF) being particularly challenging to manage. Through this paper, we discuss notable developments in our understanding of ablative strategies for managing PeAF, with a special focus on posterior wall isolation (PWI).

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CONTEXT: Whole-gland ablation is a feasible and effective minimally invasive treatment for localized prostate cancer (PCa). Previous systematic reviews supported evidence for favorable functional outcomes, but oncological outcomes were inconclusive owing to limited follow-up. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the real-world data on the mid- to long-term oncological and functional outcomes of whole-gland cryoablation and high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) in patients with clinically localized PCa, and to provide expert recommendations and commentary on these findings. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: We performed a systematic review of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library publications through February 2022 according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement. As endpoints, baseline clinical characteristics, and oncological and functional outcomes were assessed. To estimate the pooled prevalence of oncological, functional, and toxicity outcomes, and to quantify and explain the heterogeneity, random-effect meta-analyses and meta-regression analyses were performed. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Twenty-nine studies were identified, including 14 on cryoablation and 15 on HIFU with a median follow-up of 72 mo. Most of the studies were retrospective (n = 23), with IDEAL (idea, development, exploration, assessment, and long-term study) stage 2b (n = 20) being most common. Biochemical recurrence-free survival, cancer-specific survival, overall survival, recurrence-free survival, and metastasis-free survival rates at 10 yr were 58%, 96%, 63%, 71-79%, and 84%, respectively. Erectile function was preserved in 37% of cases, and overall pad-free continence was achieved in 96% of cases, with a 1-yr rate of 97.4-98.8%. The rates of stricture, urinary retention, urinary tract infection, rectourethral fistula, and sepsis were observed to be 11%, 9.5%, 8%, 0.7%, and 0.8%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The mid- to long-term real-world data, and the safety profiles of cryoablation and HIFU are sound to support and be offered as primary treatment for appropriate patients with localized PCa. When compared with other existing treatment modalities for PCa, these ablative therapies provide nearly equivalent intermediate- to long-term oncological and toxicity outcomes, as well as excellent pad-free continence rates in the primary setting. This real-world clinical evidence provides long-term oncological and functional outcomes that enhance shared decision-making when balancing risks and expected outcomes that reflect patient preferences and values. PATIENT SUMMARY: Cryoablation and high-intensity focused ultrasound are minimally invasive treatments available to selectively treat localized prostate cancer, considering their nearly comparable intermediate- to long term cancer control and preservation of urinary continence to other radical treatments in the primary setting. However, a well-informed decision should be made based on one's values and preferences.

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The most common sites of extrahepatic metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are the lungs, intra-abdominal lymph nodes, bones, and adrenal glands, in that order. Although systemic therapies are a common treatment for patients with extrahepatic metastases, local ablative therapies for the extrahepatic metastatic lesions can be performed in selected patients. In this article, the literature on image-guided thermal ablation for metastasis to each organ was reviewed to summarize the current evidence. Radiofrequency ablation was the most commonly evaluated technique, and microwave ablation, cryoablation, and percutaneous ethanol injection were also utilized. The local control rate of thermal ablation therapy was relatively favorable, at approximately 70-90% in various organs. The survival outcomes varied among the studies, and several studies reported that the absence of viable intrahepatic lesions was associated with improved survival rates. Since only retrospective data from relatively small studies has been available thus far, more robust studies with prospective designs and larger cohorts are desired to prove the usefulness of thermal ablation for extrahepatic metastases from HCC.

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CT screening has markedly reduced the lung cancer mortality in high-risk population and increased the detection of early-stage pulmonary neoplasms, including multiple pulmonary nodules, especially those with a ground-glass appearance on CT. Multiple primary lung cancer (MPLC) constitutes a specific subtype of lung cancer with indolent biological behaviors, which is predominantly early-stage adenocarcinoma. Although MPLC progresses slowly with rare lymphatic metastasis, existence of synchronous lesions and distributed location of these nodules still pose difficulty for the management of such patients. One single operation is usually insufficient to eradicate all neoplastic lesions, whereas repeated surgical procedures bring about another dilemma: whether clinical benefits of surgical treatment outweigh loss of pulmonary function following multiple operations. Therefore, despite the anxiety for treatment among MPLC patients, whether and how to treat the patient should be assessed meticulously. Currently there is a heated discussion upon the timing of clinical intervention, operation mode and the application of local therapy in MPLC. Based on clinical experience of our multiple disciplinary team, we have summarized and commented on the evaluation, surgical treatment, non-surgical local treatment, targeted therapy and immunotherapy of MPLC in this article to provide further insight into this field.

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PURPOSE: The strong metal artifacts produced by the electrode needle cause poor image quality, thus preventing physicians from observing the surgical situation during the puncture process. To address this issue, we propose a metal artifact reduction and visualization framework for CT-guided ablation therapy of liver tumors. METHODS: Our framework contains a metal artifact reduction model and an ablation therapy visualization model. A two-stage generative adversarial network is proposed to reduce the metal artifacts of intraoperative CT images and avoid image blurring. To visualize the puncture process, the axis and tip of the needle are localized, and then the needle is rebuilt in 3D space intraoperatively. RESULTS: Experiments show that our proposed metal artifact reduction method achieves higher SSIM (0.891) and PSNR (26.920) values than the state-of-the-art methods. The accuracy of ablation needle reconstruction is 2.76 mm average in needle tip localization and 1.64° average in needle axis localization. CONCLUSION: We propose a novel metal artifact reduction and an ablation therapy visualization framework for CT-guided ablation therapy of liver cancer. The experiment results indicate that our approach can reduce metal artifacts and improve image quality. Furthermore, our proposed method demonstrates the potential for displaying the relative position of the tumor and the needle intraoperatively.