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The majority of the world population carry the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori. Fortunately, most individuals experience only low-grade or no symptoms, but in many cases the chronic inflammatory infection develops into severe gastric disease, including duodenal ulcer disease and gastric cancer. Here we report on a protective mechanism where H. pylori attachment and accompanying chronic mucosal inflammation can be reduced by antibodies that are present in a vast majority of H. pylori carriers. These antibodies block binding of the H. pylori attachment protein BabA by mimicking BabA's binding to the ABO blood group glycans in the gastric mucosa. However, many individuals demonstrate low titers of BabA blocking antibodies, which is associated with an increased risk for duodenal ulceration, suggesting a role for these antibodies in preventing gastric disease.

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Background ABO blood group types are hereditary factors that have been shown to affect the blood levels of many antigens and proteins. Some blood groups have surprisingly been shown to be associated with some specific diseases, probably due to yet unexplained altering effects on the immune system or on the levels of other system-specific proteins. Studies conducted previously attempting to relate bronchial asthma and blood groups have had variable results and such studies on a large scale have not been ventured in India. Hence, the significance of the current study, which aims to search for an increased occurrence of bronchial asthma in any one of the ABO blood group phenotypes and additionally in Rh blood groups. Objective The objective of this study was to analyze the possible association of the ABO and Rh blood group types with bronchial asthma.  Methods This is an observational study with 475 bronchial asthma patients, and 2052 non-asthmatic individuals belonging to the same geographical zone. After obtaining informed consent, ABO and Rh Blood group testing was done on the study subjects using the hemagglutination method. Chi-squared tests were employed for the comparison of proportions. Statistical significance was agreed upon for an error of 5%. Results The O blood group was predominant in both cases (46.9 %) and controls (36.1%). A chi-square analysis revealed a statistically significant higher percentage of O blood group in patients (χ2: 24.537; degrees of freedom (DF): 3; p-value = <0.01). The cases had more Rh -ve individuals (12%) than controls (8%), which too was statistically significant (χ2: 6.711; degrees of freedom (DF): 1; p-value = 0.01). Conclusion The present study shows a positive association between the O blood group and the Rh-negative blood group with bronchial asthma.

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@#Quick selection of blood free from blood borne infections is paramount during massive blood loss due to trauma and severe blood deficiencies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the frequency of the ABO blood group antigens and their possible associations with Transfusion Transmissible Infections (TTIs), to help create a preliminary database for quick access to infection-free blood during such emergencies. This was an observational retrospective study which included all blood donor information recorded from January 2010 to June 2020 at the Nonga General Hospital Blood Transfusion Laboratory, East New Britain province, Papua New Guinea. All data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel Office Windows 10 version. Parametric statistics were used for analysis of the data, p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. The chi-square test was used to determine if there were significant differences in infection rates between the ABO blood group antigens and variables of interest. Ethical clearance and consent were obtained from the relevant authorities. The order of frequency of the ABO blood group antigens in this population was O>A>B>AB (64%, 18%, 15%, 3%) respectively. The majority of the donors were males (74%). First time donors were 54% and voluntary donors were 85%. Most of the donors (43%) were in the 15-29 years age group. Males with blood type O were significantly associated (p=0.032) with TTIs. HBV/Syphilis co-infections and HBV/Syphilis/HIV triple infections were also significantly associated (p=<0.001) with blood type O. The prevalence rates of infections obtained in the present study were 14% among the young adults (15 to 29 years), 25% among males, 29% among voluntary donors, and 18% among first-time donors. This calls for increased public health educational awareness among the population in the study area

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Blood group antigens are red blood cell (RBC) surface markers comprising specific carbohydrate moieties attached to the glycolipids and glycoproteins within the membrane. In addition to the major ABO blood group antigens, at least 35 minor blood group antigens have been defined to date. These antigens have immunogenic potential and may cause a transfusion reaction. There is evidence for renal expression of antigens from the Kidd, MNS, Duffy and Lewis groups and therefore the potential for antibodies directed against these antigens to cross-react in a transplanted kidney. In individuals lacking a specific RBC antigen, antibodies may develop after de novo exposure to that antigen, in addition to the potential presence of pre-existing innate antibodies. Relatively little attention has been paid to non-ABO system antibodies, with most reports in the literature focusing on transfusion reactions rather than on any putative role in allograft rejection. Here, we review each of these antigens in the context of renal transplantation and what limited evidence there is on how such immunological risk may be assessed and managed.

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The ABO blood group antigens in the spermatozoa from 40 donors were studied using the indirect immunofluorescence method.Group A antigens in the spermatozoa from group A donors and group B antigens in the spermat- ozoa from group B donors were detected.Some of the spermatozoa from group AB donors carry the A antigens and others carry the B antigens.The spermatozoa from four ABO blood group donors all carry H antigens.The blood group antigens in the spermatozoa are inherent,not from the seminal plasma.The amount of ABO blood group antigens from different individuals was different and was independens of the secrete status and the amount of ABH substances in the secretor's seminal plasma.The ABO blood group antigens of spermatozoa were mainly distributing in the regions of spermat- ozoals neck and acrosome.