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BACKGROUND: Little is known about how adhering to the health guidelines for physical activity (PA), screen time (ST), and sleep duration (SD) relates to substance use in adolescents. Thus, this study aims to explore the potential association between adherence to the 24-h movement behavior (24-h MB) guidelines and substance use among adolescents. METHODS: Data from the 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance was analyzed. Participants reported their weekly PA, ST, SD, and substance use (alcohol and smoking) over the past 30 days. The mean age in the total participants was 15.56, and 48.03 % of the participants were females. Logistic regression was used in this study to explore the potential association between 24-h MB and substance use. Odds ratios (ORs) were reported alongside a 95 % confidence interval to enhance understanding of the observed association. RESULTS: Only 2.22 % participants adhered to all three 24-h MB guidelines, while 47.99 % did not follow any guidelines. Notably, there was no significant difference in the odds of cigarette smoking between participants who followed none of the guidelines and those who followed some or all of them. Nevertheless, adherence to one or more guidelines was found to be associated with higher odds of abstaining from alcohol consumption compared to non-adherence (one guidelines: OR = 1.17 [1.08, 1.28], two guidelines: OR = 1.28 [1.13, 1.44]). CONCLUSIONS: Adhering to 24-h MB guidelines may reduce adolescents' alcohol consumption, but the adherence was not significantly associated with smoking. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these findings. These results can inform adolescent health policies and interventions aimed at reducing substance use from the perspective of healthy time-use behaviors, which can be used for researchers and educator.

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OBJECTIVE: To diminish the negative influence of sarcopenia on senior adults, the study aimed to investigate the association between adherence to 24-h movement behavior guidelines (physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep duration) and the risk of sarcopenia among individuals aged ≥55 years in five low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). METHODS: A total of 16,503 adults aged ≥55 years were included in this cross-sectional study. The study utilized data from Global Aging and Adult Health Survey (SAGE). Participants reported their information about physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep duration using the questionnaire. Sarcopenia was identified as low skeletal muscle mass with a diminished gait speed or weakened handgrip strength. Multiple logistic regression models were used to investigate the association between adherence to 24-h movement behavior guidelines and the risk of sarcopenia. RESULTS: Merely 32.73 % of participants met all three 24-h movement behavior guidelines (physical activity, less sedentary behavior, sleep). Meeting all three guidelines (p < 0.01) was significantly associated with a lower risk of sarcopenia. Meeting physical activity only (p < 0.05), or meeting both physical activity and sedentary behaivor (p < 0.05), or meeting both physical activity and sleep duration (p < 0.01) guidelines were also associated with a reduced risk of sarcopenia. Moreover, adults aged 65+ years who adhered to 24-h movement behavior guidelines exhibited a significantly reduced risk of developing sarcopenia. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that the adherence to 24-h movement behavior guidelines for regular physical activity, limited sedentary behavior, and sufficient sleep duration was associated with a reduced risk of sarcopenia in adults aged ≥55 years in five LMICs.

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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Compared with parents of neurotypical children or children diagnosed with other disabilities, parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often experience poorer mental health, greater stress, and more depression and anxiety symptoms. This study aimed to assess the effects of a web-based 24-h movement behavior lifestyle education program on mental health and psychological well-being in parents of children with ASD. METHODS: This study employed a randomized controlled trial utilizing the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) as a theoretical framework. A total of 318 parents of children with ASD were enrolled and randomly assigned to the experimental or control group. The experimental group received an 8-week web-based 24-h movement behavior lifestyle education program, while the control group followed their usual routine. Two instruments, the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), were used to measure mental health and psychological well-being, respectively. The data were collected at two time points-at the beginning and the end of the intervention. RESULTS: Compared with the baseline and control groups, the experimental group demonstrated significant improvements in all outcome measures (p < 0.01). There were significant differences in the DASS-21 and SWLS scores between the two groups before and after the intervention (p ≤ 0.01). CONCLUSION: This study represents the first randomized controlled trial involving a web-based 24-h movement behavior lifestyle education program specifically designed to address the mental health and psychological well-being of parents of children with ASD. The findings confirm the potential impact of 24-h movement behavior lifestyle education as a functional and effective strategy for parents of children with ASD.

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Abstract Objective: To examine if the substitution of different screen time intervals with light physical activity (LPA), moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sleep is associated with cardiovascular indicators and inflammatory markers in children. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study developed with 186 children aged between six and 11 years old from public schools in southern Brazil. CRF was measured with the 6-minute running and walking test, following the Brazil Sports Project procedures. The percentage of fat was evaluated through DXA. LPA and MVPA were measured using accelerometers. Sleep and screen time were assessed by questionnaires answered by parents. Leptin and C-reactive protein were measured by fasting blood collection. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were determined through a digital sphygmomanometer. Isotemporal substitution models were used for statistical analysis. Results: Replacing 1 h of screen time with MVPA was associated with lower BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fat percentage, leptin, and C-reactive protein. When screen time was substituted for sleep time, lower waist circumference was observed. Regarding the substitution of 1 h of screen time with LPA, significant values were found only for leptin. Conclusion: The replacement of screen time with physical activities of different intensities and sleep time was associated with benefits in cardiovascular indicators and inflammatory markers in childhood.

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The 24-h movement behavior of preschoolers comprises a spectrum of activities, including moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA), light-intensity physical activity (LPA), screen-based sedentary behavior (SCSB), non-screen-based sedentary behavior (NSCSB), and sleep. While previous research has shed light on the link between movement behaviors and children's mental health, the specific impacts on the unique demographic of Chinese preschoolers remain underexplored. This study significantly contributes to the literature by exploring how 24-h movement behavior affects the mental health of preschoolers in a Chinese context. The study involved205 Chinese preschool children (117 boys and 88 girls) between the ages of 3 and 6 years wore accelerometers to measure their LPA, MVPA, and sedentary behavior (SB), while their parents reported the time spent on sleep and SCSB. The parents also completed the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire to assess their children's mental health. The study used compositional regression and isotemporal substitution models to examine the relationship between the various components of 24-h movement behavior and mental health. The results showed that greater NCSSB compared to MVPA, LPA, sleep, and SCSB was associated with good prosocial behavior and lower scores on externalizing problems. This highlights the potential of NSCSB as a beneficial component in the daily routine of preschoolers for fostering mental well-being. Replacing 15 min of sleep and SCSB with 15 min of NSCSB was associated with a decrease of 0.24 and 0.15 units, respectively, in externalizing problems. Reallocating 15 min of sleep to NSCSB was linked to an increase of 0.11 units in prosocial behavior. There were no significant substitution effects between LPA and MVPA time with any other movement behavior on prosocial behavior and externalizing problems. Given the positive associations observed, further longitudinal studies are necessary to explore the link between 24-h movement behavior and mental health in preschool children.

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OBJECTIVE: To examine if the substitution of different screen time intervals with light physical activity (LPA), moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sleep is associated with cardiovascular indicators and inflammatory markers in children. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study developed with 186 children aged between six and 11 years old from public schools in southern Brazil. CRF was measured with the 6-minute running and walking test, following the Brazil Sports Project procedures. The percentage of fat was evaluated through DXA. LPA and MVPA were measured using accelerometers. Sleep and screen time were assessed by questionnaires answered by parents. Leptin and C-reactive protein were measured by fasting blood collection. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were determined through a digital sphygmomanometer. Isotemporal substitution models were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Replacing 1 h of screen time with MVPA was associated with lower BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fat percentage, leptin, and C-reactive protein. When screen time was substituted for sleep time, lower waist circumference was observed. Regarding the substitution of 1 h of screen time with LPA, significant values were found only for leptin. CONCLUSION: The replacement of screen time with physical activities of different intensities and sleep time was associated with benefits in cardiovascular indicators and inflammatory markers in childhood.

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OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the relationship between 24-h activity behavior and Chinese adolescents' Internet addiction. METHODS: A survey of 2045 adolescents (56.5% boys) was conducted, and adolescents' 24-h movement behavior and Internet addiction were measured via a questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the basic situation of the respondents; chi-square analysis was used to compare gender differences, and logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between 24-h exercise guide entries and Internet addiction. RESULTS: From the number of 24-h movement behavior guides, 25.3% of the children did not meet the recommended amount of any kind of activity behavior guide, while 50.4% and 21.7% of the children reached the recommended amount of one and two activity behavior guidelines, respectively; only 3.2% of the children met the recommended amount of all three activity behavior guidelines. Adolescents who did not meet the recommended 24-h activity behavior guidelines were more likely to have Internet addiction (OR = 8.46, 95 CI = 3.06-23.36), and were more likely to have one item (OR = 4.50, 95 CI = 1.64-12.39) or two items (OR = 3.12, 95 CI = 1.11-8.74). CONCLUSIONS: Physical activity, static behavior, and sleep may all have a greater impact on adolescents' Internet addiction, among which physical activity has a greater impact on adolescents' Internet addiction. Different combinations of 24-h movement behavior have different effects on adolescents' Internet addiction.

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Work from home has increased greatly during the COVID-19 pandemic, and concerns have been raised that this would change physical behaviours. In the present study, 11 Brazilian office workers (five women, six men; mean [SD] age 39.3 [9.6] years) wore two triaxial accelerometers fixed on the upper back and right thigh continuously for five days, including a weekend, before COVID-19 (September 2019), and again while working at home during COVID-19 (July 2020). We determined time used in five behaviours: sedentary, standing, light physical activity (LPA), moderate-to-vigorous activity (MVPA), and time-in-bed. Data on these behaviours were processed using Compositional Data Analysis, and behaviours observed pre-COVID19 and during-COVID19 were compared using repeated-measures MANOVA. On workdays during-COVID19, participants spent 667 min sedentary, 176 standing, 74 LPA, 51 MVPA and 472 time-in-bed; corresponding numbers pre-COVID were 689, 180, 81, 72 and 418 min. Tests confirmed that less time was spent in bed pre-COVID19 (log-ratio -0.12 [95% CI -0.19; -0.08]) and more time in MVPA (log-ratio 0.35, [95% CI 0.08; 0.70]). Behaviours during the weekend changed only marginally. While small, this study is the first to report objectively measured physical behaviours during workdays as well as weekends in the same subjects before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Intervention studies aiming at changing movement behavior have usually not accounted for the compositional nature of time-use data. Compositional data analysis (CoDA) has been suggested as a useful strategy for analyzing such data. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of two multi-component interventions on 24-h movement behavior (using CoDA) and on cardiorespiratory fitness among office workers; one focusing on reducing sedentariness and the other on increasing physical activity. Office workers (n = 263) were cluster randomized into one of two 6-month intervention groups, or a control group. Time spent in sedentary behavior, light-intensity, moderate and vigorous physical activity, and time in bed were assessed using accelerometers and diaries, both for 24 h in total, and for work and leisure time separately. Cardiorespiratory fitness was estimated using a sub-maximal cycle ergometer test. Intervention effects were analyzed using linear mixed models. No intervention effects were found, either for 24-h behaviors in total, or for work and leisure time behaviors separately. Cardiorespiratory fitness did not change significantly. Despite a thorough analysis of 24-h behaviors using CoDA, no intervention effects were found, neither for behaviors in total, nor for work and leisure time behaviors separately. Cardiorespiratory fitness did not change significantly. Although the design of the multi-component interventions was based on theoretical frameworks, and included cognitive behavioral therapy counselling, which has been proven effective in other populations, issues related to implementation of and compliance with some intervention components may have led to the observed lack of intervention effect.

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The associations between 24 h movement behavior, i.e., the way people distribute their time in different movement-related behaviors, on mental health are not well understood. This study applied a compositional data analysis approach to explore cross-sectional associations between device-measured moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light intensity physical activity (LIPA), sedentary behavior (SED), self-reported time in bed and mental health outcomes, i.e., depression or anxiety symptoms, burnout, mental wellbeing and stress, in office workers. ActiGraph accelerometers were worn for 24 h for at least 4 days to assess MVPA, LIPA, and SED. Sleep diaries were used in addition to identify time in bed. Analytic sample sizes for the different outcomes ranged from N = 345-370 participants. In this population of office workers with high levels of MVPA, the entire movement behavior composition was not associated to any of the mental health outcomes, but MVPA relative to all other behaviors was positively associated with mental wellbeing. This confirms the importance of MVPA for health relative to other movement-related behaviors.

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PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine the levels and correlates of 24-h movement behaviors (i.e., physical activity, sedentary time, and sleep), and different patterns of these behaviors in a nationally representative sample of South Koreans aged 12 years and older. This study also aimed to examine the sociodemographic correlates of 24-h movement behaviors stratified by age groups. METHODS: Self-reported, repeated cross-sectional data from 10,708 participants in the 2014 and 2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination surveys were used. Key variables included moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity, muscular strengthening exercises, walking, active transportation, sedentary time, and sleep. Sociodemographic variables included age, sex, household income, area of residence, and education level. Descriptive statistics by sex and age as well as general linear models by age group were performed. RESULTS: The proportions of individuals meeting the moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity, muscular strengthening exercises, and sleep guidelines were, respectively, 21.6%, 22.1%, and 32.5% in male youth; 6.9%, 4.5%, and 22.8% in female youth; 55.5%, 30.8%, and 54.0% in male adults; 48.8%, 14.4%, and 57.6% in female adults; 44.0%, 30.6%, and 45.5% in male older adults; and 29.5%, 8.9%, and 37.3% in female older adults. The proportions of individuals showing the most ideal combinations of 24-h movement behaviors were only 3.2% in youth, 0.4% in adults, and 0 in older adults. Universally, older age, female sex, or living in metro Seoul were associated with unfavorable patterns of 24-h movement behaviors across different age groups. However, the associations of income and education with movement behaviors were mixed across age groups. CONCLUSION: Overall, the proportion of South Koreans with a healthy 24-h movement behavior pattern is low. The sociodemographic correlates of different types of 24-h movement behaviors should be considered when designing targeted interventions for the promotion of healthy active living for South Koreans.