RESUMEN
Acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema in the elderly does not differ fundamentally from that seen in the young patient. Appropriate pathways must be established, with regular nursing follow-up, to enable rapid detection and treatment of episodes of acute heart failure. The paramedical team plays an essential role in liaising with families, providing nursing care and listening to the patient at the bedside.
Asunto(s)
Insuficiencia Cardíaca , Edema Pulmonar , Anciano , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/complicaciones , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/diagnóstico , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/terapia , Humanos , Edema Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Edema Pulmonar/etiología , Edema Pulmonar/terapiaRESUMEN
Hydrostatic pulmonary edema is a well-known complication of veinoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) caused by increased left ventricle afterload due to reverse blood flow in the aorta. Several techniques are commonly used for left ventricle venting such as intra-aortic balloon pump, Impella® (Abiomed, Danvers, MA), central surgical cannulation or Rahskind atrial septostomy. We reported two cases of hydrostatic pulmonary edema in patients under VA-ECMO for whom it was decided to perform Rashkind technique. The first is a late anterior myocardial infarction complicated with cardiac arrest and cardiogenic shock. Refractory hypoxemia due to hydrostatic pulmonary edema conducted us to perform atrial septostomy. The second case is a refractory cardiogenic shock due to left main stent thrombosis myocardial infarction. Procedural transesophageal echocardiography revealed a large left atrial thrombus extended to pulmonary veins preventing the procedure. These two cases illustrate the importance and gravity of pulmonary edema induced by VA-ECMO. The first shows that this technique is feasible, allows great left ventricle unloading and improves hypoxemia. The second underlines the interest of performing transesophageal echocardiography to look for pulmonary veins thrombosis that can take part in the elevation of hydrostatic pressure and forbid Rashkind manoeuver.
Asunto(s)
Oxigenación por Membrana Extracorpórea , Paro Cardíaco , Corazón Auxiliar , Edema Pulmonar , Humanos , Edema Pulmonar/etiología , Edema Pulmonar/terapia , Choque CardiogénicoRESUMEN
Non-invasive ventilation is an integral part of therapies used in patients presenting acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema. In cardiac intensive care, these patients are treated by teams trained and practised in this technique. The nurses play a central role in the support and monitoring of the patients.
Asunto(s)
Ventilación no Invasiva , Edema Pulmonar/terapia , Enfermedad Aguda , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/complicaciones , Humanos , Edema Pulmonar/etiologíaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is considered as the first choice treatment for selected patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF), but many hospitals are forced to start NIV on medical wards. METHODS: The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the outcomes of NIV initiated for ARF on a respiratory ward and to find the criteria predictive of failure. All patients were treated in a four-bed ward specifically dedicated to NIV. Failure of NIV was defined as the need for intubation and transfer to ICU, or death. RESULTS: Among 105 admissions with ARF, 49 episodes needed NIV. These episodes were divided into 2 groups: PaCO2<45mmHg (10) and PaCO2>45mmHg (39). The overall failure rate of NIV and overall in-hospital mortality rate were 26.5% and 17% respectively. On multivariate analysis, SAPS II and respiratory acidosis with a pH less than 7.30 were significantly associated with failure of NIV. CONCLUSIONS: NIV is practicable and is effective in the management of mild to moderate ARF on a respiratory ward. However, patients with respiratory acidosis and a pH less than 7.30 are at risk of NIV failure.