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Background: Interleukin 13 receptor subunit alpha 2 (IL13RA2) plays an essential role in the progression of many cancers. However, the role of IL13RA2 in infantile haemangioma (IH) is still unknown. Materials and Methods: IL13RA2 expression in IH tissues was analyzed using western blot, qRT-PCR, and immunofluorescence. The role of IL13RA2 in haemangioma-derived endothelial cells (HemECs) was determined following knockdown or overexpression of IL13RA2 using CCK-8, colony formation, apoptosis, wound healing, tubule formation, Transwell, and western blot. Results: IL13RA2 expression was upregulated in IH tissues. IL13RA2 overexpression promoted proliferation, migration, and invasion of HemECs and induced glycolysis, which was confirmed with a glycolysis inhibitor. Specifically, IL13RA2 interacted with ß-catenin and activated the Wnt/ß-catenin pathway in HemECs, which were involved in the above-mentioned effects of IL13RA2. Conclusions: These findings revealed that targeting IL13RA2 is a potential therapeutic approach for IH.

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Proliferación Celular , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Glucólisis , Subunidad alfa2 del Receptor de Interleucina-13 , Vía de Señalización Wnt , Humanos , Subunidad alfa2 del Receptor de Interleucina-13/metabolismo , Subunidad alfa2 del Receptor de Interleucina-13/genética , Movimiento Celular , Lactante , Hemangioma/patología , Hemangioma/metabolismo , Hemangioma/genética , Apoptosis , beta Catenina/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica

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Myxomas, when they manifest in the paranasal sinuses and/or maxillae of infants, are classified as sinonasal myxomas (SNMs). We present a case of SNM in the maxilla of a 15-month-old infant. Following the initial surgical intervention, the patient unfortunately experienced a recurrence of the condition. However, a subsequent surgery employing marginal excision was performed, and since then, no further recurrence has been reported. SNM exhibits consistent clinical features and histological characteristics that are distinct from those of odontogenic myxomas. Furthermore, in this case, immunohistochemical staining was positive for ß-catenin, whereas odontogenic myxomas are generally negative for ß-catenin staining. Another study reported that SNMs share genetic mutations with desmoid tumors, which are not observed in odontogenic myxomas. This suggests that this entity is distinct from odontogenic myxomas, leading us to propose that it may indeed represent a separate disease entity. This fact may lead to the reclassification of the disease and, ultimately, to changes in treatment strategies.

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BACKGROUND: Previous studies have reported that the cGMP-specific PDE5 isozyme is overexpressed in colon adenomas and adenocarcinomas and essential for colon cancer cell proliferation, while PDE5 selective inhibitors (e.g., sildenafil) have been reported to have cancer chemopreventive activity. AIM: This study aimed to determine the anticancer activity of a novel PDE5 inhibitor, RF26, using colorectal cancer (CRC) cells and the role of PDE5 in CRC tumor growth in vivo. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to characterize the anticancer activity of a novel celecoxib derivative, RF26, in CRC cells previously reported to lack COX-2 inhibition but have potent PDE5 inhibitory activity. METHODS: Anticancer activity of RF26 was studied using human CRC cell lines. Its effects on intracellular cGMP levels, cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) activity, ß-catenin levels, TCF/LEF transcriptional activity, cell cycle distribution, and apoptosis were measured. CRISPR/cas9 PDE5 knockout techniques were used to determine if PDE5 mediates the anticancer activity of RF26 and validate PDE5 as a cancer target. RESULTS: RF26 was appreciably more potent than celecoxib and sildenafil to suppress CRC cell growth and was effective at concentrations that increased intracellular cGMP levels and activated PKG signaling. RF26 suppressed ß-catenin levels and TCF/LEF transcriptional activity and induced G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis within the same concentration range. CRISPR/cas9 PDE5 knockout CRC cells displayed reduced sensitivity to RF26, proliferated slower than parental cells, and failed to establish tumors in mice. CONCLUSION: Further evaluation of RF26 for the prevention or treatment of cancer and studying the role of PDE5 in tumorigenesis are warranted.

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Autophagy is vital for maintaining cellular homeostasis by breaking down unnecessary organelles and proteins within cells. Its activity varies abnormally in several diseases, including cancer, making it a potential target for therapeutic strategies. The Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway significantly impacts cancer by stabilizing ß-catenin protein and promoting the transcription of its target genes. Therefore, we aimed to identify candidate substances targeting this signaling pathway. We designed and tested a thiouracil conjugate, discovering that TTP-8 had anti-tumor effects on human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB231. Our findings showed that TTP-8 upregulated the expression of LC3 protein, a marker of autophagy in breast cancer cells, suggesting that TTP-8 might induce autophagy. Further analysis confirmed an increase in autophagy-related proteins, with consistent results obtained from flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Interestingly, the induction of LC3 expression by TTP-8 was even more pronounced in MCF-7 and MDA-MB231 cells transfected with ß-catenin siRNA. Thus, our research supports the idea that the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway influences the regulation of autophagy-related proteins, thereby inducing autophagy. This suggests that TTP-8 could serve as a novel agent for treating breast cancer.

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In vivo and in vitro studies argue that concentration dependent Wnt signaling regulates mammalian nephron progenitor cell (NPC) programs. Canonical Wnt signaling is regulated through the stabilization of ß-catenin, a transcriptional co-activator when complexed with Lef/Tcf DNA binding partners. Utilizing the GSK3ß inhibitor CHIR99021 (CHIR), to block GSK3ß-dependent destruction of ß-catenin, we examined dose-dependent responses to ß-catenin in NPCs, using mRNA transduction to modify gene expression. Low CHIR-dependent proliferation of NPCs was blocked on ß-catenin removal with evidence of NPCs arresting at the G2-M transition. While NPC identity was maintained following ß-catenin removal, mRNA-seq identified low CHIR and ß-catenin dependent genes. High CHIR activated nephrogenesis. Nephrogenic programming was dependent on Lef/Tcf factors and ß-catenin transcriptional activity. Molecular and cellular features of early nephrogenesis were driven in the absence of CHIR by a mutated, stabilized form of ß-catenin. Chromatin association studies indicate low and high CHIR response genes are likely direct targets of canonical Wnt transcriptional complexes. Together these studies provide evidence for concentration dependent Wnt-signaling in the regulation of NPCs and provide new insight into Wnt targets initiating mammalian nephrogenesis.

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Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a common chronic medical illness resulting from an imbalance between bone resorption and bone formation along with microarchitecture degeneration attributed to estrogen deficiency and often accompanied by other medical conditions such as weight gain, depression, and insomnia. Semaglutide (SEM) is a recently introduced GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus by mitigating insulin resistance. It has been discovered that the beneficial effects of GLP-1 are associated with alterations in lipolysis, adipogenesis, and anti-inflammatory processes. GLP-1 analogs transmit signals directly to adipose tissue. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multidisciplinary cells that originate from bone marrow, migrate to injury sites, and promote bone regeneration. MSCs can differentiate into osteoblasts, adipose cells, and cartilage cells. Our aim is to investigate the role of semaglutide on bone formation and the Wnt signaling pathway. Osteoporosis was induced in female rats by ovariectomy, and the ovariectomized rats were treated with alendronate as standard treatment with a dose of 3 mg/kg orally and semaglutide with two doses (150 mcg/kg and 300 mcg/kg) S.C. for 10 successive weeks. Semaglutide ameliorates bone detrimental changes induced by ovariectomy. It improves bone microarchitecture and preserves bone mineral content. Semaglutide ameliorates ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis and increases the expression of ß-catenin, leading to increased bone formation and halted receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL's) activation. Semaglutide can be used as a potential prophylactic and therapeutic drug against osteoporosis, possibly by activating Wnt signaling and decreasing bone resorption.

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PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to explore the potential correlation between the nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 2 (NR3C2) and outcomes of colon cancer, along with the mechanisms underlying this association. METHOD: mRNA (messenger RNA) data and clinical records pertaining to colon cancer were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The analysis of NR3C2 expression discrepancies between normal colon and tumor tissues was conducted using R software. In addition, we also studied the relationship between NR3C2 expression and prognosis, pathological parameters. The relative role of NR3C2 were further predicted through bioinformatics methods and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of NR3C2 in colon cancer. Single-cell data from colon cancer samples in the GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus) database further investigated the mechanism of the lower survival associated with NR3C2 dysregulation. NR3C2 expression in three fresh colon cancer samples and their respective paracancer samples was determined. Furthermore, colon cancer cell models overexpressing NR3C2 and with knockdown NR3C2 were constructed by lentiviral vector transfection. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, transplantation of tumors in nude mice and transwell assays were used to examine the proliferation, migration and invasion of colon cancer cells. The effect on the Wnt/ß-catenin pathway, activities of cellular autophagy and cell apoptosis were examined by assessing the expression levels of several key proteins, including Bcl-2, Bax, and LC3. RESULTS: We found that NR3C2 was found a significantly lower level in colon cancer tissues than in adjacent tissues, which was associated with distant and lymphatic metastases, clinical stage, and poor clinical outcome, and it was an independent prognostic factor and potential marker of colon cancer. Single-cell transcriptome data identified the subset of circulating T and B cells with high expression of NR3C2, which is involved in TNF signaling pathway. Functional experiments show that downregulation of NR3C2 resultsed in the activation of the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway, and promotesd the proliferation and invasion of colon cancer cells while suppressing cell autophagy and apoptosis. CONCLUSION: NR3C2 may regulate Wnt/ß-catenin to affect the proliferation, invasion apoptosis and autophagy of colon cancer, and this axis is a potential target for the treatment of colon cancer.

Asunto(s)

Proliferación Celular , Neoplasias del Colon , Ratones Desnudos , Invasividad Neoplásica , Vía de Señalización Wnt , Humanos , Neoplasias del Colon/patología , Neoplasias del Colon/genética , Neoplasias del Colon/metabolismo , Animales , Ratones , Masculino , Pronóstico , Femenino , Movimiento Celular/genética , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Línea Celular Tumoral , Receptores de Hormona Tiroidea/metabolismo , Receptores de Hormona Tiroidea/genética , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Apoptosis , beta Catenina/metabolismo , beta Catenina/genética , Persona de Mediana Edad , Receptores de Mineralocorticoides

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Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) is a commonly encountered degenerative joint disease in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Recent studies have shown that the excessive unbalanced activation of Wnt/ß-catenin signaling is connected with the pathogenesis of TMJOA and due to the inability to inhibit the over-activated Wnt pathway, while Wnt16-deficient mice has a more severe Knee OA. However, the efficacy of direct intra-TMJ injection of Wnt16 for the relief of TMJOA is still not directly confirmed. Moreover, small-molecule drugs such as Wnt16 usually exhibit short-lived efficacy and poor treatment adherence. Therefore, in order to obtain a stable release of Wnt16 both in the short and long term, this study fabricates a double-layer slow-release Wnt16 carrier based on mesoporous silica nanospheres (MSNs) encased within hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels. The biofunctional hydrogel HA/Wnt16@MSN is analyzed both in vitro and in vivo to evaluate the treatment of TMJOA. As a result, it shows superior pro-cartilage matrix restoration and inhibition of osteoclastogenesis ability, and effectively inhibits the over-activation of the Wnt/ß-catenin pathway. Taken together, biofunctional hydrogel HA/Wnt16@MSN is a promising candidate for the treatment of TMJOA.

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Rutin is a natural flavonoid compound that is widely found in a variety of plants and has a variety of biological effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-tumor effects. Rutin has been shown to have anti-tumor effects in a variety of cancers, but its effects on gastric cancer need to be further explored. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of Rutin on gastric cancer cells and the potential molecular regulatory mechanisms. Gastric cancer cells (AGS and MGC803) were treated with different concentrations of Rutin. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were determined by MTT, flow cytometry, scratch assay, and Transwell analysis, respectively. Cell epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and Wnt/ß-catenin pathway were analyzed by RT-qPCR and western blot assay. The results showed that Rutin significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion ability of gastric cancer cells, induced apoptosis, and suppressed the EMT process. Further experiments revealed that Rutin achieved the effect of inhibiting the biological behavior of gastric cancer cells by suppressing the activation of the Wnt/ß-catenin pathway. Therefore, Rutin may become a potential therapeutic candidate for gastric cancer.

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Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common cardiac arrhythmia that seriously affects the quality of life of patients. Effective treatment and prevention are important to control the morbidity and mortality of AF. It has been found that cardiac fibrosis promotes the onset and progression of AF. It is now known that transforming growth factor ß (TGF-ß), an important fibrotic cytokine, plays an important role in cardiac fibrosis by inducing myofibroblast activation via the activation of classical (SMAD-based) and non-classical (non-SMAD-based) signaling pathways. In addition, specific activation of the Wnt/ß-catenin pathway has been shown to promote the transformation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. In recent years, a new family of proteins, namely Disheveled-associated antagonist of beta-catenin (DACT) 2, can affect the Wnt/ß-catenin and TGF-ß signaling pathways by regulating the phosphorylation levels of these target proteins, which in turn affects the progression of fibrosis. The present study focuses on the effect of DACT2-guided ß-catenin on atrial fibrosis. It is expected that the summarized information can be helpful in the treatment of AF.

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The WNT/ß-catenin signaling pathway plays crucial roles in tumorigenesis and relapse, metastasis, drug resistance, and tumor stemness maintenance. In most tumors, the WNT/ß-catenin signaling pathway is often aberrantly activated. The therapeutic usefulness of inhibition of WNT/ß-catenin signaling has been reported to improve the efficiency of different cancer treatments and this inhibition of signaling has been carried out using different methods including pharmacological agents, short interfering RNA (siRNA), and antibodies. Here, we review the WNT-inhibitory effects of some FDA-approved drugs and natural products in cancer treatment and focus on recent progress of the WNT signaling inhibitors in improving the efficiency of chemotherapy, immunotherapy, gene therapy, and physical therapy. We also classified these FDA-approved drugs and natural products according to their structure and physicochemical properties, and introduced briefly their potential mechanisms of inhibiting the WNT signaling pathway. The review provides a comprehensive understanding of inhibitors of WNT/ß-catenin pathway in various cancer therapeutics. This will benefit novel WNT inhibitor development and optimal clinical use of WNT signaling-related drugs in synergistic cancer therapy.

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Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most lethal oral malignant tumor, however, clinical outcomes remain unsatisfactory. The Hedgehog/Gli2 pathway plays a pivotal role in tumor progression, yet the regulatory mechanism governing its involvement in the malignant evolution process of OSCC remains elusive. Methods: OSCC animal tissue samples were used to detect the activation of the Hedgehog/Gli2 pathway in OSCC. Based on the clinical information of oral cancer patients in TCGA database, the role of this pathway in patients was analyzed, and the activation status of this pathway was verified in human OSCC cells. After activating or inhibiting the Hedgehog pathway, the effects of this pathway on the biological function of OSCC cells and its regulatory mechanism were examined. Interfering the expression of Gli2, a key transcription factor in this pathway, revealed the role of Hedgehog/Gli2 pathway in the malignant evolution of OSCC cells. Results: The Hedgehog pathway exhibits abnormal activation in animal models of OSCC. Clinical data from TCGA demonstrate a significant enrichment of the Hedgehog pathway in patients with OSCC, and Gli2, a key downstream factor of this pathway, is closely associated with the occurrence and progression of OSCC. Cellular studies have revealed aberrant activation of this pathway in human OSCC cells, which exerts its function by modulating the activation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and Wnt/ß-catenin pathways. Subsequent investigations further confirm the pivotal involvement of Gli2 in the Hedgehog pathway activation, underscoring its potential as a therapeutic target for inhibiting malignant proliferation and metastasis of OSCC cells through modulation of EMT and Wnt/ß-catenin pathways. Conclusion: The Hedgehog/Gli2 pathway induces EMT and activates Wnt/ß-catenin pathway to trigger the malignant proliferation and metastasis of OSCC cells, and Gli2 plays a key role in this process, which suggests that targeting Gli2 may be a promising therapeutic strategy for inhibiting the proliferation and metastasis of OSCC.

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Diabetes mellitus can induce liver injury and easily progress to liver fibrosis. However, there is still a lack of effective treatments for diabetes-induced hepatic fibrosis. Cordycepin (COR), a natural nucleoside derived from Cordyceps militaris, has demonstrated remarkable efficacy in treating metabolic diseases and providing hepatoprotective effects. However, its protective effect and underlying mechanism in diabetes-induced liver injury remain unclear. This study utilized a high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic mouse model, as well as LX-2 and AML-12 cell models exposed to high glucose and TGF-ß1, to explore the protective effects and mechanisms of Cordycepin in liver fibrosis associated with diabetes. The results showed that COR lowered blood glucose levels, enhanced liver function, mitigated fibrosis, and suppressed HSC activation in diabetic mice. Mechanistically, COR attenuated the activation of the Wnt/ß-catenin pathway by inhibiting ß-catenin nuclear translocation, and ß-catenin knockdown further intensified this effect. Meanwhile, COR significantly inhibited SOX9 expression in vivo and in vitro. Knockdown of SOX9 downregulated Wnt3a and ß-catenin expression at the protein and gene levels to exacerbate the inhibitory action of COR on HG&TGF-ß1-induced HSCs activations. These results indicate SOX9 is involved in the mechanism by which COR deactivates the Wnt/ß-catenin pathway in hepatic fibrosis induced by diabetes. Moreover, prolonged half-life time, slower metabolism and higher exposure of COR were observed in diabetes-induced liver injury animal model via pharmacokinetics studies. Altogether, COR holds potential as a therapeutic agent for ameliorating hepatic injury and fibrosis in diabetes by suppressing the activation of the SOX9-mediated Wnt/ß-catenin pathway.

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Current treatment approaches cannot exactly regenerate cartilage tissue. Regarding some problems encountered with cell therapy, exosomes are advantageous because of their "cell-free" nature. This study examines the relationship between IL-10 and TGF-ß and Canonical Wnt/ß-catenin signal pathways in human adipose tissue-derived MSCs exosomes (hAT-MSCs-Exos) after in vitro chondrogenic differentiation. Human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAT-MSCs) and, as a control group, human fetal chondroblast cells (hfCCs) were differentiated chondrogenically in vitro. Exosome isolation and characterization analyses were performed. Chondrogenic differentiation was shown by Alcian Blue and Safranin O stainings. The expression levels of IL-10, TGF-ß/SMAD signaling pathway genes, and Canonical Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway genes, which play an essential role in chondrogenesis, were analyzed by RT-qPCR. Conditioned media cytokine levels were measured by using the TGF-ß and IL-10 ELISA kits. IL-10 expression was upregulated in both chondrogenic differentiated hAT-MSC-Exos (dhAT-MSC-Exos) (p < 0.0001). In the TGF-ß signaling pathway, TGF-ß (p < 0.0001), SMAD2 (p < 0.0001), SMAD4 (p < 0.001), ACAN (p < 0.0001), SOX9 (p < 0.05) and COL1A2 (p < 0.0001) expressions were upregulated in dhAT-MSC-Exos. SMAD3 expression was upregulated in non-differentiated hAT-MSC-Exos. In the Canonical Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway, WNT (p < 0.0001) and CTNNB1(p < 0.0001) expressions were upregulated in dhAT-MSC-Exos. AXIN (p < 0.0001) expression was upregulated in non-differentiated hAT-MSC-Exos. TGF-ß and IL-10 levels were higher in dhAT-MSCs) (p < 0.0001). Related to these results, IL-10 may induce TGF-ß/SMAD and Canonical Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathways in hAT-MSC exosomes obtained after chondrogenic differentiation. Therefore, using these exosomes for cartilage regeneration can lead to the development of treatment methods.

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OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the effect of the soluble Klotho (sKlotho)/Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway on vascular calcification in rat models of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the intervention effect of Shenyuan granules. METHODS: Rats with 5/6 nephrectomy and high phosphorus feeding were used to establish the vascular calcification model. The rats were given gradient doses of Shenyuan granules aqueous solution and calcitriol solution by gavage for 8 weeks, which were divided into experimental group and positive control group. RESULTS: The 5/6 nephrectomy combined with high phosphorus feeding induced thoracic aortic calcification in rats. Shenyuan granules intervention increased the serum sKlotho level, inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of Wnt1, ß-catenin, and Runx2 in the thoracic aorta, and alleviated thoracic aortic media calcification in rats. CONCLUSION: Shenyuan granules may partially regulate the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway via serum sKl to interfere with the expression of Runx2, thereby improving vascular calcification in CKD.

Asunto(s)

Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Glucuronidasa , Proteínas Klotho , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica , Calcificación Vascular , Vía de Señalización Wnt , beta Catenina , Animales , Masculino , Ratas , Aorta Torácica/metabolismo , Aorta Torácica/patología , beta Catenina/metabolismo , Subunidad alfa 1 del Factor de Unión al Sitio Principal/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacología , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/uso terapéutico , Glucuronidasa/metabolismo , Glucuronidasa/genética , Proteínas Klotho/metabolismo , Nefrectomía , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/metabolismo , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/complicaciones , Calcificación Vascular/metabolismo , Calcificación Vascular/etiología , Calcificación Vascular/patología , Vía de Señalización Wnt/efectos de los fármacos , Proteína Wnt1/metabolismo , Proteína Wnt1/genética

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BACKGROUND: The circadian rhythm gene Brain and Muscle Arnt-like1 (Bmal1) acts as a transcription factor and plays a crucial role in oncogenesis and embryonic development. Bmal1 is notably overexpressed in various tumors, including glioma. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the elevated Bmal1 expression in glioma malignancy remain unclear. METHODS: This study employed multiple databases, including The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), GTEx, and cBioportal, to analyze Bmal1 mRNA expression in gliomas, evaluate its prognostic significance, investigate transcriptome alterations, identify key signaling pathways associated with Bmal1, and examine its interaction with tumor stem cells. Additionally, experimental validation was performed to confirm Bmal1's regulatory effects on glioma stem cells. RESULTS: Our analysis revealed differential Bmal1 expression across glioma grades and molecular subtypes. Moreover, Bmal1 significantly influences several tumor-related signaling pathways, notably the Mapk, Met, and Wnt pathways, and is actively involved with stem cells. A strong positive correlation was observed between Bmal1 and glioma stem cell markers, such as Nestin, Sox2, and Cd133. Experimental validation confirmed that Bmal1 promotes stem cell expansion and tumor progression via the Wnt/ß-catenin pathway. CONCLUSION: This study underscores the critical regulatory function of Bmal1 in glioma development. The interaction between Bmal1 and glioma stem cells appears to significantly impact glioma initiation and progression.

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BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer in women. Its pathogenesis includes several pathways in cancer proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis. Some clinical data have indicated the association between coffee consumption and decreased cancer risk. However, little data is available on the effect of coffee on breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: In our study, we assessed the effect of Turkish coffee and Fridamycin-H on different pathways in breast cancer, including apoptosis, proliferation, and oxidative stress. A human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) was treated for 48 h with either coffee extract (5% or 10 v/v) or Fridamycin-H (10 ng/ml). Ehrlich solid tumors were induced in mice for in vivo modeling of breast cancer. Mice with Ehrlich solid tumors were treated orally with coffee extract in drinking water at a final concentration (v/v) of either 3%, 5%, or 10% daily for 21 days. Protein expression levels of Caspase-8 were determined in both in vitro and in vivo models using ELISA assay. Moreover, P-glycoprotein and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) protein expression levels were analyzed in the in vitro model. ß-catenin protein expression was analyzed in tumor sections using immunohistochemical analysis. In addition, malondialdehyde (MDA) serum levels were analyzed using colorimetry. RESULTS: Both coffee extract and Fridamycin-H significantly increased Caspase-8, P-glycoprotein, and PPAR-γ protein levels in MCF-7 cells. Consistently, all doses of in vivo coffee treatment induced a significant increase in Caspase-8 and necrotic zones and a significant decrease in ß- catenin, MDA, tumor volume, tumor weight, and viable tumor cell density. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that coffee extract and Fridamycin-H warrant further exploration as potential therapies for breast cancer.

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The mechanisms underlying the sustained activation of the PI3K/AKT and Wnt/ß-catenin pathways mediated by HOTAIR in cervical cancer (CC) have not been extensively described. To address this knowledge gap in the literature, we explored the interactions between these pathways by driving HOTAIR expression levels in HeLa cells. Our findings reveal that HOTAIR is a key regulator in sustaining the activation of both signaling pathways. Specifically, altering HOTAIR expression-either by knockdown or overexpression-significantly influenced the transcriptional activity of the PI3K/AKT and Wnt/ß-catenin pathways. Additionally, we discovered that HIF1α directly induces HOTAIR transcription, which in turn leads to the epigenetic silencing of the PTEN promoter via DNMT1. This process leads to the sustained activation of both pathways, highlighting a novel regulatory axis involving HOTAIR and HIF1α in cervical cancer. Our results suggest a new model in which HOTAIR sustains reciprocal activation of the PI3K/AKT and Wnt/ß-catenin pathways through the HOTAIR/HIF1α axis, thereby contributing to the oncogenic phenotype of cervical cancer.

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Metilación de ADN , Subunidad alfa del Factor 1 Inducible por Hipoxia , Fosfohidrolasa PTEN , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt , ARN Largo no Codificante , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino , Vía de Señalización Wnt , Humanos , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/genética , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/metabolismo , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/patología , Femenino , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , ARN Largo no Codificante/genética , ARN Largo no Codificante/metabolismo , Fosfohidrolasa PTEN/metabolismo , Fosfohidrolasa PTEN/genética , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/metabolismo , Vía de Señalización Wnt/genética , Células HeLa , Metilación de ADN/genética , Subunidad alfa del Factor 1 Inducible por Hipoxia/metabolismo , Subunidad alfa del Factor 1 Inducible por Hipoxia/genética , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , beta Catenina/metabolismo , beta Catenina/genética , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas/genética , ADN (Citosina-5-)-Metiltransferasa 1/metabolismo , ADN (Citosina-5-)-Metiltransferasa 1/genética

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BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The RNA-binding motif protein 39 (RBM39) functions as both an RNA-binding protein and a splicing factor in a variety of cancer types. However, the function of RBM39 in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) remains undefined. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of RBM39 in CCA and explore its potential as a therapeutic target. METHODS: The expression of RBM39 in CCA was investigated by analyzing human CCA tumor specimens. CRISPR/Cas9 or shRNA-mediated depletion of RBM39 was performed in vitro and in vivo to document the oncogenic role of RBM39 in CCA. The anti-tumor effect of the RBM39 inhibitor Indisulam in combination with the EZH2 degrader MS177 was assessed in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS: RBM39 is significantly increased in human CCA tissues and associated with a poor prognosis in CCA patients. Depletion of RBM39 by CRISPR/Cas9 or shRNA inhibited CCA cell proliferation in vitro and prevented CCA development and tumor growth in mice. Mechanistically, our results showed that depletion of RBM39 suppressed EZH2 expression via disrupting its mRNA splicing. RBM39-regulated EZH2 controls WNT7B/ß-catenin activity. Pharmacological co-targeting of RBM39 (with Indisulam) and EZH2 (with MS177) resulted in a synergistic antitumor effect, both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION: This study discloses a novel RBM39-EZH2-ß-catenin signaling axis that is crucial for CCA growth. Our findings suggest that simultaneous inhibition of RBM39 and EZH2 presents a promising therapeutic strategy for CCA treatment.

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Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant tumor characterized by high mortality and low survival rates. The mitotic interactor and substrate of Plk1 (MISP) is a cancer-associated protein that regulates mitotic spindle localization and is highly expressed in several malignant tumors, contributing to tumor development. However, the function and regulatory mechanisms of MISP in pancreatic cancer remain unclear. In this study, we analyzed RNA sequencing data related to pancreatic cancer from the TCGA and GEO databases, identifying MISP as a potential prognostic marker for the disease. MISP was significantly upregulated in pancreatic cancer cells and tissues compared to normal pancreatic cells and tissues. Notably, in pancreatic cancer cells, high MISP protein expression promoted cell proliferation and growth. Mechanistically, the upregulation of MISP facilitated the nuclear accumulation of ß-catenin, thereby activating the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway and promoting pancreatic cancer growth. In search of effective inhibitors of MISP expression, we screened an FDA-approved drug library and identified Fisetin as a potential suppressor of MISP expression. Fisetin was found to downregulate the transcription factor MYB, thereby reducing MISP expression. Further experiments demonstrated that Fisetin effectively inhibited the in vitro and in vivo growth of pancreatic cancer by suppressing the MISP/Wnt/ß-catenin signaling axis. In summary, our research has identified MISP as a novel therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer and uncovered its associated regulatory mechanisms.