RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is common in Great Danes (GDs) but screening for this condition can be challenging. We hypothesised that cardiac troponin-I (cTnI) concentration is elevated in GDs with DCM and/or ventricular arrhythmias (VAs), and is associated with reduced survival time in GDs. ANIMALS: One hundred and twenty-four client-owned GDs assigned echocardiographically as normal (n = 53), equivocal (n = 37), preclinical DCM (n = 21), or clinical DCM (n = 13). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective epidemiological study. Echocardiographic diagnosis, VAs, and contemporaneous cTnI concentrations were recorded. Diagnostic accuracy and cTnI cut-offs were determined with receiver operating characteristic analyses. Effects of the cTnI concentration and disease status on survival and cause of death were explored. RESULTS: Median cTnI was greater in clinical DCM (0.6 ng/mL [25th-75th percentiles: 0.41-1.71 ng/mL]) and GDs with VAs (0.5 ng/mL [0.27-0.80 ng/mL], P<0.001). Elevated cTnI detected these dogs with good accuracy (area under the curve: 0.78-0.85; cut-offs 0.199-0.34 ng/mL). Thirty-eight GDs (30.6%) suffered a cardiac death (CD); GDs suffering CD (0.25 ng/mL [0.21-0.53 ng/mL]) and specifically sudden cardiac death (SCD) (0.51 ng/mL [0.23-0.72 ng/mL]) had higher cTnI than GDs dying of other causes (0.20 ng/mL [0.14-0.35 ng/mL]; P<0.001). Elevated cTnI (>0.199 ng/mL) was associated with shorter long-term survival (1.25 years) and increased risk of SCD. Great Danes with VAs had shorter survival times (0.97 years). CONCLUSIONS: A cardiac troponin-I concentration is a useful adjunctive screening tool. Elevated cTnI is a negative prognostic indicator.

Asunto(s)

Cardiomiopatía Dilatada , Enfermedades de los Perros , Troponina I , Animales , Perros , Biomarcadores/análisis , Cardiomiopatía Dilatada/diagnóstico , Cardiomiopatía Dilatada/veterinaria , Muerte Súbita Cardíaca/etiología , Muerte Súbita Cardíaca/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Perros/etiología , Pronóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Troponina I/análisis

RESUMEN

The absolute full energy peak efficiency values have been obtained by Monte Carlo MCNP5 code and semi-empirical ANGLE3 calibration software for a coaxial HPGe detector. The two calibration methods were combined to build a hybrid MCNP5/ANGLE3 model. The hybrid model can give efficiency calibrations values for various gamma-ray source shapes and geometries and then generate efficiency calibrations for new geometries instantly without needing new standards. The model has been checked experimentally and theoretically and then approved to cover the various gamma detection measurements.

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) is one of the most common causes of neonatal respiratory distress (RD). However, distinguishing TTN from other causes of RD may be difficult during the first 12:24 h after birth. Lung ultrasonography (LUS) has been successfully utilized in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of neonatal RD. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of LUS for early diagnosis of TTN as well as differentiate it from other causes of neonatal RD in near and full term Egyptian neonates. METHODS: LUS was performed in 65 near and full term neonates presented with RD within the first 12:24 hours of admission in NICU of Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt. RESULTS: Among the 65 neonates included in the study, 73.8% were diagnosed to have TTN, 18.5% were diagnosed to have pneumonia, 4.6% had meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) and 3.1% had respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). The Double lung point has 69.6% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% PPV and 39.1% NPV for detecting TTN. We have novel data showing a positive correlation between the degree of alveolar-interstitial syndrome (AIS) and the type of oxygen support offered to neonates diagnosed with TTN. CONCLUSION: We found LUS to be a reliable and non-invasive tool for the early diagnosis of TTN and its differentiation from other causes of neonatal RD in near and full term Egyptian neonates.

Asunto(s)

Pulmón/diagnóstico por imagen , Síndrome de Dificultad Respiratoria del Recién Nacido/diagnóstico por imagen , Taquipnea Transitoria del Recién Nacido/diagnóstico por imagen , Ultrasonografía , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Diagnóstico Precoz , Femenino , Edad Gestacional , Humanos , Recién Nacido de Bajo Peso , Recién Nacido , Recien Nacido Prematuro , Pulmón/fisiopatología , Masculino , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Síndrome de Dificultad Respiratoria del Recién Nacido/fisiopatología , Taquipnea Transitoria del Recién Nacido/fisiopatología

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Metallothionein is a low-molecular-weight cysteine-rich protein that has the ability to bind and sequestrate heavy metal ions. It is associated with metalloregulatory functions such as cell proliferation, growth and differentiation. AIMS: To investigate the expression of metallothionein in hyperplastic, dysplastic and neoplastic prostatic lesions and to correlate its expression with histological grade of prostatic carcinoma. METHOD: The study was carried out on formalin-fixed and paraffin-wax-embedded tissue blocks from 8 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, 6 patients with prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and 30 patients with prostatic carcinoma, using the streptavidin-biotin technique. The histological grade was defined and the carcinomas were divided into low-grade (Gleason Score 2-4), 12 moderate grade (Gleason Score 5-6) and 10 high-grade (Gleason Score 7-10) carcinomas. RESULTS: Patchy metallothionein staining of epithelial cells was observed in normal and benign prostatic tissues. All cases of PIN and 20 of 30 patients with prostatic carcinoma showed positive staining for metallothionein. Metallothionein expression considerably increased from low-grade to high-grade tumours. The proportion of cells staining positively for metallothionein was directly correlated with histological grade of prostatic carcinoma. The epithelial cells lack uniformity in staining intensity, but the percentage of strongly positive cells increased with the histological grade of prostatic carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: The high incidence of metallothionein expression in PIN in our study suggests that it is associated with early prostate tumorigenesis. Also, metallothionein expression was directly correlated with the histological grade of prostatic carcinoma, suggesting that metallothionein may be a useful marker for predicting the prognosis of prostate cancer.

Asunto(s)

Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Metalotioneína/metabolismo , Hiperplasia Prostática/metabolismo , Neoplasia Intraepitelial Prostática/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Próstata/metabolismo , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Humanos , Masculino , Proteínas de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Lesiones Precancerosas/metabolismo , Pronóstico , Hiperplasia Prostática/patología , Neoplasia Intraepitelial Prostática/patología , Neoplasias de la Próstata/patología , Isoformas de Proteínas/metabolismo

RESUMEN

Serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endostatin were determined in postmenopausal women, including 72 with endometrial cancer, 27 with endometrial hyperplasia and 30 healthy controls. Serum VEGF levels in endometrial hyperplasia (142+/-18 ng/ml, mean +/- SE) and endometrial cancer stages I (291+/-22), II (623+/-68) and stage III-IV (1527+/-119) were significantly higher than the mean for controls (12+/-1.6). Serum endostatin levels in endometrial hyperplasia (149+/-19 ng/ml), endometrial cancer stages I (320+/-41), II (644+/-86) and stage III-IV (1253+/-114) were also significantly higher than the mean for controls (13+/-2.4). Elevated values of VEGF above the non-malignant level were encountered in 7% (stage I), 37% (stage II) and 100% (stage III-IV) of endometrial cancers. The corresponding figures for endostatin were 37%, 59 and 100%, respectively. These results demonstrate that the circulating levels of both markers correlated with tumor stage and apparently tumor burden. Serum VEGF and endostatin levels decreased significantly after treatment, followed by marked elevations at clinical relapse. The VEGF endostatin ratio was higher in the advanced stages ( > 1.0) than in the early stages of endometrial carcinoma (< 1.0). indicating that the balance of angiogenic stimulators and inhibitors may regulate metastasis and access tumor progression.

Asunto(s)

Biomarcadores de Tumor/sangre , Colágeno/sangre , Neoplasias Endometriales/patología , Endometrio/patología , Factores de Crecimiento Endotelial/sangre , Linfocinas/sangre , Proteínas de Neoplasias/sangre , Neovascularización Patológica/patología , Fragmentos de Péptidos/sangre , Anciano , Neoplasias Endometriales/sangre , Neoplasias Endometriales/irrigación sanguínea , Neoplasias Endometriales/cirugía , Endostatinas , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Hiperplasia , Histerectomía , Persona de Mediana Edad , Metástasis de la Neoplasia , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Neovascularización Patológica/sangre , Ovariectomía , Posmenopausia , Pronóstico , Resultado del Tratamiento , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular , Factores de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular

RESUMEN

Eye movement of six subjects was recorded as they watched video segments with and without captions. It was found that the addition of captions to a video resulted in major changes in eye movement patterns, with the viewing process becoming primarily a reading process. Further, although people viewing a specific video segment are likely to have similar eye movement patterns, there are also distinct individual differences present in these patterns. For example, someone accustomed to speechreading may spend more time looking at an actor's lips, while someone with poor English skills may spend more time reading the captions. Finally, there is some preliminary evidence to suggest that higher captioning speed results in more time spent reading captions on a video segment.

Asunto(s)

Movimientos Oculares/fisiología , Lectura , Televisión , Percepción Visual/fisiología , Adulto , Sordera , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Tiempo

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that nitric oxide production is decreased in hyperprolactinemic, amenorrheic patients with estrogen (E) deficiency, augmenting the possible risk of cardiovascular disorders. SETTING: Cairo University Hospitals. DESIGN: Prospective, case-controlled study. PATIENT(S): Twenty-five galactorrheic, hyperprolactinemic patients with amenorrhea of more than 6 months and with low serum E2, as well as 30 healthy, fertile women (controls) matched for age and body mass index. INTERVENTION(S): Bromocriptine was administered orally to hyperprolactinemic patients, and blood samples were collected before and 6 weeks after treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Total nitric oxide production was determined photometrically using Greiss reagent after preliminary conversion of nitrate to nitrite by nitrate reductase. RESULT(S): Serum E2 and nitric oxide levels in hyperprolactinemic, amenorrheic patients (62.5 +/- 3.2 [SE] pg/mL [229 +/- 11.7 pmol/L] and 18.4 +/- 2.5 mumol/L, respectively) were significantly lower than E2 (114 +/- 6.4 pg/ml, [418 +/- 23.5 pmol/L]) and nitric oxide (41.2 +/- 4.1 mumol/L) levels observed in normal women during the follicular phase. The decrease of nitric oxide was associated with elevation of blood pressure. Treatment of hyperprolactinemia with bromocriptine restored normal values of serum nitric oxide and E2, and normal blood pressure. CONCLUSION(S): Hyperprolactinemia with E deficiency exhibits a significant decrease in nitric oxide production, and this decrease may subject the patient to certain cardiovascular disorders and disturbed ovarian function.

Asunto(s)

Amenorrea/sangre , Galactorrea/sangre , Hiperprolactinemia/sangre , Óxido Nítrico/sangre , Adulto , Presión Sanguínea , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/etiología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Estradiol/sangre , Femenino , Galactorrea/complicaciones , Humanos , Hiperprolactinemia/complicaciones , Óxido Nítrico/fisiología , Estudios Prospectivos

RESUMEN

Samples of common Egyptian foods (17 nuts and seeds, 10 spices, 31 herbs and medicinal plants, 12 dried vegetables, and 28 cereal grains) were collected from markets in Cairo and Giza. A portion of each sample was extracted with chloroform, and the concentrated extract was cleaned by passing through a silica gel column. Aflatoxin B1 was determined by reversed-phase liquid chromatography with UV detection. The highest prevalence of aflatoxin B1 was in nuts and seeds (82%), followed by spices (40%), herbs and medicinal plants (29%), dried vegetables (25%), and cereal grains (21%). The highest mean concentration of aflatoxin B1 was in herb and medicinal plants (49 ppb), followed by cereals (36 ppb), spices (25 ppb), nuts and seeds (24 ppb), and dried vegetables (20 ppb). Among nuts and seeds, the prevalence of aflatoxin B1 was highest (100%) in watermelon seeds, inshell peanuts, and unshelled peanuts. The lowest prevalence and concentrations were in hommos (garbanzo beans). The highest concentrations of aflatoxin B1 were detected in foods that had no potential for field contamination but required drying during processing and storage, such as pomegranate peel, watermelon seeds, and molokhia.

Asunto(s)

Aflatoxina B1/análisis , Carcinógenos/análisis , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Aflatoxina B1/metabolismo , Carcinógenos/metabolismo , Cloroformo/química , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Grano Comestible/metabolismo , Egipto , Análisis de los Alimentos/normas , Geles/química , Magnoliopsida/química , Nueces/metabolismo , Plantas Medicinales/metabolismo , Estándares de Referencia , Semillas/metabolismo , Gel de Sílice , Dióxido de Silicio/química , Espectrofotometría Ultravioleta , Especias/análisis , Verduras/química

Asunto(s)

Anticarcinógenos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Células HeLa/efectos de los fármacos , Juniperus/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias Cutáneas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Gástricas/patología , Administración Tópica , Animales , Antineoplásicos/aislamiento & purificación , Carcinoma/patología , División Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Femenino , Células HeLa/citología , Humanos , Malasia , Ratones , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Hojas de la Planta/metabolismo , Organismos Libres de Patógenos Específicos , Acetato de Tetradecanoilforbol/administración & dosificación , Acetato de Tetradecanoilforbol/toxicidad , Células Tumorales Cultivadas

RESUMEN

Of the twenty microorganisms screened for metabolism of goniothalamin only Streptomyces aurofaciens ATCC 10762 and Nocardia species NRRL 5646 produced two metabolites, 3,4-dihydrogoniothalamin and 3,4,7,8 tetrahydrogoniothalamin. The identity of the isolated metabolites were established using TLC, HPLC, MS, IR, and 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. In addition, the substrate had been transformed into two unknown metabolites by Aspergillus niger ATCC 11394 and Septomyxa affinis ATCC 6737 in low yield. Three of the metabolites were also detected and identified in the urine and blood samples of the goniothalamin-treated Sprague-Dawley rats. The obtained results are in agreement with and support the principle of microbial models of mammalian metabolism.

Asunto(s)

Hongos/metabolismo , Pironas/metabolismo , Animales , Femenino , Fermentación , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley

RESUMEN

In the early summer of 1993, an outbreak of Rift Valley fever (RVF) was reported among both humans and animals in Aswan Governorate, Upper Egypt. To determine whether RVF infection had spread to the Nile delta region of the country, we carried out a cross-sectional survey of 1181 occupationally exposed abattoir workers (97% male; age 10-72 years) in 15 governorates of Egypt in November 1993. The overall prevalence of anti-RVF virus IgM antibody was 2% (range: 0% (7 governorates) to 10%). The highest prevalences were in Ismailia (10%) and Sharqîya (8%) Governorates. None of the seropositive subjects reported having experienced an episode of fever in the 2 months prior to the study. The prevalence of antibody was significantly higher (P < 0.05) among workers employed in high-risk jobs such as cutting animals' throats (relative risk (RR = 2.24)) and handling animal parts (RR = 2.37). The findings suggest that abattoir workers represent a useful sentinel population for surveillance of RVF.

Asunto(s)

Mataderos , Inmunoglobulina M/aislamiento & purificación , Fiebre del Valle del Rift/inmunología , Virus de la Fiebre del Valle del Rift/inmunología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Animales , Anticuerpos Antivirales/aislamiento & purificación , Niño , Egipto/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Ocupaciones , Fiebre del Valle del Rift/epidemiología , Fiebre del Valle del Rift/transmisión , Factores de Riesgo , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos

RESUMEN

A number of microorganisms has been screened for growth on sunflower oil as a sole carbon source for production of useful chemicals. Rhizopus stolonifer NRRL 1478 was found to transform the lipid contents of sunflower oil into dodecyl b-D-glucopyranoside and dodecanedioic acid in 15 and 25% yields respectively. The produced compounds were isolated and purified by column chromatography and their chemical identities were established using MS, IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy.

Asunto(s)

Glucósidos/biosíntesis , Glucolípidos/biosíntesis , Helianthus , Excipientes Farmacéuticos/metabolismo , Aceites de Plantas/metabolismo , Rhizopus/metabolismo , Cromatografía en Capa Delgada , Fermentación , Glucolípidos/aislamiento & purificación , Hidrólisis , Excipientes Farmacéuticos/química , Aceites de Plantas/química , Aceite de Girasol

RESUMEN

Certain genera of the tribe Psychotrieae, specifically Calycodendron and Psychotria, found on Pacific Islands, synthesize a series of Nb-methyltryptamine-derived alkaloids made by linking together 2 to 8 pyrrolidinoindoline units. Nine alkaloids of this class have been isolated from the aerial parts and stem bark of Calycodendron milnei, a species endemic to the Vaté Islands (New Hebrides), and examined for potential application as anti-cancer and anti-infective agents. All members of the series exhibited readily detected cytotoxic activity against proliferating and non-proliferating Vero African green monkey kidney cells in culture, with the most potent activity being exhibited by vatamine and quadrigemine C. Only hodgkinsine A exhibited substantial antiviral activity against a DNA virus, herpes simplex type 1, and an RNA virus, vesicular stomatitis virus. All members of the series showed readily detected anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-candidal activities using both tube dilution and disc diffusion assay methods. The most potent anti-microbial alkaloids were hodgkinsine A and quadrigemine C, which exhibited minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values as low as 5 micrograms/ml.

Asunto(s)

Alcaloides/química , Antiinfecciosos/química , Antineoplásicos/química , Antivirales/química , Indoles/química , Plantas Medicinales , Pirrolidinas/química , Alcaloides/aislamiento & purificación , Alcaloides/farmacología , Animales , Antibacterianos , Antiinfecciosos/aislamiento & purificación , Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/aislamiento & purificación , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antivirales/aislamiento & purificación , Antivirales/farmacología , Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , División Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Chlorocebus aethiops , Hongos/efectos de los fármacos , Herpesvirus Humano 1/efectos de los fármacos , Indoles/aislamiento & purificación , Indoles/farmacología , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Estructura Molecular , Pirrolidinas/aislamiento & purificación , Pirrolidinas/farmacología , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Células Vero , Virus de la Estomatitis Vesicular Indiana/efectos de los fármacos

RESUMEN

Sixteen microorganisms of Aspergillus strains were screened for production of kojic acid using cocoa juice as carbon source. Only Aspergillus flavus ATCC 9179 was found to produce the acid in low yield (22 mg/ml). Calcium alginate immobilization of the cells was used under optimum conditions to maximize the yield of kojic acid (60 mg/ml). Cultures were incubated in the medium with 50% of cocoa juice added in pulses of 8 ml each every 96 hours, and 4% methanol, pH 3.5, 150 rpm, 26 degrees C for three weeks. The incubations were monitored by thin layer and high pressure liquid chromatography. Kojic acid was extracted from the culture broth by organic solvent, concentrated and crystallized. The chemical identity of kojic acid was determined by HPLC, MS, 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy.

Asunto(s)

Alginatos/química , Aspergillus flavus/metabolismo , Cacao/metabolismo , Hemostáticos/química , Micotoxinas/metabolismo , Pironas/metabolismo , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Cromatografía en Capa Delgada , Ácido Glucurónico , Ácidos Hexurónicos

RESUMEN

The fatty acid and positional specificities of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (UI-SACCH) and Schizosaccharomyces octosporus (NRRL Y-854) in the hydrolysis of lard were studied by using gas-liquid chromatography. Synthetic triglycerides were used to determine the positional specificities of the lipases of both organisms. Palmitic acid is specifically cleaved from all three triglyceride ester positions by S. cerevisiae, while S. octosporus was able to cleave stearic acid at either position 1 or position 3 of the glycerol moiety. Preparative scale fermentation with 200 g of lard per liter yielded 48.4 g of palmitic acid per liter with S. cerevisiae and 42 g of stearic acid per liter with S. octosporus. The free fatty acids produced by microbial transformation of lard were characterized spectrally (1H and C nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry) and chromatographically (thin-layer and gas chromatographies).

Asunto(s)

Grasas de la Dieta/metabolismo , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Schizosaccharomyces/metabolismo , Cromatografía de Gases , Cromatografía en Capa Delgada , Ácidos Grasos/análisis , Fermentación/fisiología , Hidrólisis , Lipasa/metabolismo , Ácido Palmítico , Ácidos Palmíticos/metabolismo , Ácidos Esteáricos/metabolismo , Especificidad por Sustrato

RESUMEN

In April 1991, 91 hospitalized patients in Cairo were reported to the Egyptian Ministry of Health with botulism intoxication. To define the spectrum of illness and identify a food vehicle, 45 patients were interviewed and a case-control investigation was conducted among families of 5 hospitalized patients. Clinical specimens and specimens of implicated food were tested for toxin and cultured for Clostridium botulinum. Hospitalized patients had symptoms consistent with botulism; 18 (20%) of 91 reported patients died. Illness was associated with eating faseikh (uneviscerated, salted mullet fish; lower 95% confidence limit of odds ratio = 6.6, P < .001). All 5 case-families purchased faseikh from one shop. Very high levels of type E botulinal toxin were detected in faseikh reported to be purchased from the implicated shop; C. botulinum type E was isolated from cultures of clinical specimens and from the faseikh. This is the first documented outbreak of botulism in Egypt and the largest type E outbreak ever reported.

Asunto(s)

Botulismo/epidemiología , Brotes de Enfermedades , Productos Pesqueros/envenenamiento , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Animales , Toxinas Botulínicas/análisis , Botulismo/etiología , Niño , Preescolar , Clostridium botulinum/aislamiento & purificación , Egipto/epidemiología , Heces/microbiología , Femenino , Contenido Digestivo/química , Contenido Digestivo/microbiología , Humanos , Entrevistas como Asunto , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Perciformes

RESUMEN

Resting cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast, type II; Sigma) were used to convert oleic acid into 10-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid with a 45% yield. Nocardia aurantia (ATCC 12674), Nocardia sp. (NRRL 5646), and Mycobacterium fortuitum (UI 53378) all converted oleic acid into 10-oxo-octadecanoic acid with 65, 55, and 80% yields, respectively. Structures of all metabolites were suggested by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance and by infrared and mass spectrometry. Structures of isomeric hydroxystearate and oxostearate derivatives and the stereochemical purity of hydroxystearates are difficult to prove unambiguously unless authentic standard compounds are available for spectral comparison. We describe the use of the chemical Baeyer-Villiger oxidation technique with 10-oxo-octadecanoic acid followed by mass spectral analysis of neutral extracts as a simple method to confirm the position of oxo-functional groups in the structures of fatty acid ketones. We further introduce a simple method based on 1H nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of diastereomeric S-(+)-O-acetylmandelate esters of hydroxystearates as a means of ascertaining stereochemical purities of hydroxy fatty acids.

Asunto(s)

Bacterias/metabolismo , Hongos/metabolismo , Ácidos Oléicos/metabolismo , Biotransformación , Esterificación , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Mycobacterium/metabolismo , Nocardia/metabolismo , Ácido Oléico , Ácidos Oléicos/farmacocinética , Oxidación-Reducción , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Ácidos Esteáricos/química , Ácidos Esteáricos/metabolismo

RESUMEN

Microbial metabolism studies of crisnatol (1), a new DNA intercalator, has resulted in the isolation and characterization of a major metabolite identified as the C-1 hydroxylated crisnatol (2). The structure of the metabolite was established by comparison of its spectral data to that of crisnatol. Complete 13C-NMR assignments for crisnatol and its C-1 hydroxylated metabolite were also made.

Asunto(s)

Crisenos/metabolismo , Mucorales/metabolismo , Glicoles de Propileno/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos/metabolismo , Cromatografía en Capa Delgada , Fermentación/fisiología , Estructura Molecular

RESUMEN

Screening studies of tamoxifen (TAM) have shown that only one culture, Streptomyces rimosus ATCC 2234 was able to metabolize tamoxifen to 4-hydroxy tamoxifen (OHT) which was obtained in a 10% yield and chemically identified by 2 D nmr spectroscopy. A number of microorganisms were capable of biotransforming TAM to tamoxifen-N-oxide (TNO), and desmethyltamoxifen (DMT). The chemical identity of the isolated metabolites was achieved using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and different nmr spectroscopic techniques.

Asunto(s)

Bacterias/metabolismo , Hongos/metabolismo , Tamoxifeno/farmacocinética , Biotransformación , Tamoxifeno/análogos & derivados