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Objectives: To identify cystourethrogram (CUG) findings that independently predict the outcome of posterior urethroplasty (PU) following pelvic fracture urethral injury (PFUI). Methods: Findings of CUG included the location of the proximal end of the bulbar urethra in zones A (superficial) or B (deep) according to its relationship with the pubic arch. Others included the presence of pelvic arch fracture, bladder neck, and posterior urethral appearance. The primary outcome was the need for reintervention either endoscopically or by redo urethroplasty. Independent predictors were modeled using a logistic regression model and a nomogram was constructed and internally validated using 100-bootstrap resampling. Time-to-event analysis was performed to validate the results. Results: A total of 196 procedures in 158 patients were analyzed. The success rate was 83.7% with 32 (16.3%) procedures requiring direct vision internal urethrotomy, urethroplasty, or both in 13 (6.6%), 12 (6.1%), and 7 (3.6%) patients, respectively. On multivariate analysis, bulbar urethral end located at zone B (odds ratio [OR]: 3.1; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1-8.5; p = 0.02), pubic arch fracture (OR: 3.9; 95%CI: 1.5-9.7; p = 0.003), and previous urethroplasty (OR: 4.2; 95% CI: 1.8-10.1; p = 0.001) were independent predictors. The same predictors were significant in the time-to-event analysis. The nomogram discrimination was 77.3% and 75% in the current data and after validation. Conclusions: The location of the proximal end of the bulbar urethra and redo urethroplasty could predict the need for reintervention after PU for PFUI. The nomogram could be used preoperatively for patient counseling and procedure planning.

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Background: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the bladder is common in many regions around the world. Prognosis is very poor, as most cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage due to a lack of affordable and valid screening markers for this type of cancer. The diagnostic accuracy of urinary nuclear matrix protein-22 (NMP22), telomerase activity, and CD44 were evaluated in urine samples of patients with bladder SCC. Materials and methods: We conducted a case-control study comprised of 60 consecutive newly diagnosed bladder SCC patients diagnosed by cystoscopy and histopathological examination, and controls were 60 outpatients with benign urologic conditions and healthy clinic visitors. Urine samples collected from each subject underwent testing for NMP22, telomerase activity, and CD44. Descriptive and correlational statistical analysis of cases and controls were carried out and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to determine optimal cut-off points for the three assays. Results: Area under the curve was calculated at 0.96, 0.93, and 0.62 for NMP22, telomerase, and CD44, respectively. Urine levels of NMP22 and telomerase activity were significantly higher in the SCC group compared to controls (p < 0.001). Urine CD44 levels were not significantly higher in the SCC group compared to controls (p = 0.111). The overall sensitivity of NMP22, telomerase, and CD44 was 96.7%, 87%, and 45%, respectively, while the specificity was 85%, 88.6%, and 86.7%, respectively. Conclusions: Urinary telomerase activity, followed by NMP22 urine levels, showed high diagnostic yield and could hold potential promise as urinary biomarkers for the diagnosis of bladder SCC.

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Purpose: To identify the role of a set of microRNAs and their target genes and protein expression levels in the pathogenesis of bladder cancer with a muscular invasion (T2−T4) and non-muscular invasion (T1). Methods: In 157 patients, bladder specimen was examined for the expression of a set of miRNAs including let-7a-5p, miRNA-449a-5p, miRNA-145-3P, miRNA-124-3P, miRNA-138-5p, and miRNA-23a-5p and their targeted genes; ß-catenin, WNT7A, IRS2, FZD4, SOS1, HDAC1, HDAC2, HIF1α, and PTEN using the qRT-PCR technique. The prognostic effect of miRNAs and their targeted genes on cancer-specific survival (CSS) was evaluated in pT2−pT4 stages. Results: pT1 was found in 40 patients while pT2−4 was found in 117 patients. The expression of let-7a-5P, miR-124-3P, miR-449a-5P, and miR-138-5P significantly decreased in pT2−4 compared with pT1 (p < 0.001), in contrast, miR-23a-5P increased significantly in pT2−pT4 compared with pT1 (p < 0.001). Moreover, the expression of miR-145 did not show a significant change (p = 0.31). Higher expression levels of WNT7A, ß-catenin, IRS2, FZD4, and SOS1 genes were observed in pT2−pT4 compared with pT1, whereas HDAC1, HDAC2, HIF1α, and PTEN genes were downregulated in pT2−pT4 compared with pT1. Lower CSS was significantly associated with lower expression of let-7a-5P, miR-124-3P, miR-449a-5P, and miR-138-5P. Higher expression of ß-catenin, FZD4, IRS2, WNT7a, and SOS1 was significantly associated with worse CSS. In contrast, lower levels of HDAC1, HDAC2, HIF1α, and PTEN were associated with lower CSS. Conclusion: Our results support let-7a-5P, miR-124-3P, miR-138-5P, and their target genes can be developed as accurate biomarkers for prognosis in bladder cancer with a muscular invasion.

Asunto(s)

MicroARNs , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria , Biomarcadores , Epigénesis Genética/genética , Receptores Frizzled/metabolismo , Expresión Génica , Humanos , MicroARNs/genética , MicroARNs/metabolismo , Pronóstico , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/patología , beta Catenina/metabolismo

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Adjuvant medical expulsive therapy (MET) for shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) is controversial. With limited use of the computed tomography (CT), the stone free rate (SFR) become overestimated. Herein we evaluate tamsulosin post-SWL for renal stone using the CT to assess SFR. A randomized controlled trial (NCT05032287) was carried out for renal stone patients amenable for SWL. Patients were allocated after 1st session of SWL to receive tamsulosin 0.4 mg or placebo once daily from the 1st day of SWL and for 3-months or becoming stone free. The primary outcome was SFR, defined by presence of residual fragments (RF) ≤ 3 mm (3C-SFR). The 3C-SFR were 73.8% and 59.6% in tamsulosin and placebo groups, respectively (p = 0.03). The median (IQR) pain scores were 3 (3, 5) and 5 (3, 6) in tamsulosin and placebo groups, respectively (p = 0.04), However, the post-SWL complication and add-on analgesia needed showed no significance differences between groups. The median time for stone free were 30 days (95% CI: 27.29-32.71) in tamsulosin arm, and 36 days (95% CI: 31.01-40.99) in placebo arm, HR = 1.42 (95% CI: 1.02-1.98). Tamsulosin has more reversible adverse effect, compared to placebo (p = 0.03). In our study, the use of tamsulosin as MET following SWL facilitates expulsion of retained residual fragments. Tamsulosin shortens time to reach stone free, decreases pain scores. However, tamsulosin does not affect the add-on IV analgesics and have more reversible adverse effect, compared to placebo.

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Cálculos Renales , Litotricia , Cálculos Ureterales , Humanos , Cálculos Renales/etiología , Litotricia/efectos adversos , Litotricia/métodos , Dolor/etiología , Sulfonamidas/efectos adversos , Tamsulosina/uso terapéutico , Resultado del Tratamiento , Cálculos Ureterales/tratamiento farmacológico

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OBJECTIVES: To test the chemo-preventative effects of omega-3 against bladder cancer (BC) induction in a rat model and its potential antineoplastic mechanisms. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ninety male Fisher rats were divided into three groups during a 22-week protocol: group 1 (control), group 2 (Placebo + N-butyl-N-4- hydroxybutyl nitrosamine (BBN) for induction of BC and group 3 received omega-3 (1200 mg/kg/day) + BBN. At the end, blood samples and bladder tissues were collected and checked for the presence of malignancy, markers of angiogenesis (VEGF relative gene expression), inflammation (IL-6), proliferation (KI-67 expressions), oxidative stress (serum MDA and serum SOD) and epigenetic control (miRNA-145 level). RESULTS: At the end of the study, 60% and 86.6% rats survived in group 2 and 3 with significant weight loss among rats in group 2 when compared with other groups. In group 2, all rats developed visible bladder lesions of which five and 13 developed squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). In omega3-treated group, only one developed low grade SCC and one developed high grade non- invasive TCC. Bladders from omega-3-treated rats showed lower expression ofKI-67 (p < 0.05), VEGF (p < 0.001) and IL-6 (p < 0.001) and significant higher expression of mi-RNA (p < 0.001). Also, omega-3-treated group showed statistically significant lower MDA level (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Omega-3 inhibits bladder tumor growth in the BBN-induced BC rat model, due to anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-proliferative, and anti-angiogenic properties together with epigenetic control.

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Antineoplásicos , Carcinoma de Células Transicionales , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3 , MicroARNs , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria , Animales , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Carcinogénesis , Carcinoma de Células Transicionales/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Células Transicionales/genética , Carcinoma de Células Transicionales/prevención & control , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/farmacología , Interleucina-6 , Masculino , MicroARNs/genética , MicroARNs/uso terapéutico , Ratas , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/genética , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/prevención & control , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/genética

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AIM: The exact role of androgen receptor (AR) and miR-2909 in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) remains controversial. Our aim is to assess the relationship between NMIBC recurrences with AR expression and miRNA-2909. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This prospective controlled cohort study included 99 male patients with NMIBC (Ta-T1) who were treated by transurethral resection and 50 male patients as healthy control. We quantified blood AR messenger RNA variants 1 and 2 (AR1, AR2) and plasma miRNA-2909 with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and the full length AR (AR-FL) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in serum samples. In addition, AR1 and AR2 expression in tumor as well as normal tissues were analyzed. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and multivariate Cox analysis were used to identify independent predictors of recurrence-free survival. RESULTS: In comparison to control group, blood AR1, AR2, and serum AR-FL expression were significantly lower in the NMIBC group compared to plasma miRNA-2909 expression that was significantly higher in the control group. Blood AR1, AR2, and serum AR-FL were significantly correlated with higher tumor stage (pT1) while plasma miRNA-2909 was not. The median survival time (months) was significantly better for higher blood AR1 (34 vs. 21; P = 0.03), lower plasma miRNA-2909 (29 vs. 8; P <0.001), lower AR2 in normal tissues (32 vs. 22; P = 0.007). On multivariate analysis, serum free testosterone (hazards ratio [HR]: 8.9; 95% CI: 1.8-45.1; P = 0.008), serum AR1 (HR: 0.5; 95% CI: 0.3-0.9; P = 0.02), and plasma miRNA-2909 (HR: 5.8; 95% CI: 2.3-14.7; P = 0.0002), and tissue AR2 (HR: 2.6; 95% CI: 1.4-4.7; P = 0.002) were independent predictor for NMIBC recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Blood and tissue levels of AR expression have a potential significant effect on NMIBC recurrence. Further studies are recommended to establish its exact role.

Asunto(s)

MicroARNs , Receptores Androgénicos/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Estudios de Cohortes , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , MicroARNs/genética , Invasividad Neoplásica , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia , Pronóstico , Estudios Prospectivos , Receptores Androgénicos/genética , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/patología

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OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of mirabegron in the treatment of erectile dysfunction concomitant with lower urinary tract symptoms in benign prostatic obstruction patients. METHODS: In this randomized controlled trial, 55 sexually active lower urinary tract symptoms/benign prostatic obstruction patients with concomitant erectile dysfunction were randomly allocated in two groups: the first received mirabegron 50 mg plus doxazosin 2 mg once daily (mirabegron group) and the second received tolterodine 4 mg plus doxazosin 2 mg (tolterodine group) for 12 weeks. The evaluation was based on the International Index of Erectile Function questionnaire, Erection Hardness Score questionnaire, International Prostate Symptom Score, quality of life, uroflowmetry and post-voiding residual. The therapeutic outcomes were assessed at 4 and 12 weeks compared with the baseline. RESULTS: Only the mirabegron group achieved significant improvement in sexual functions after 4 and 12 weeks. By using ≥5 points difference from the baseline as a cut-off point of change, there was a significant difference in change of direction of the International Index of Erectile Function-15 total score in favor of the mirabegron group; after 12 weeks, the International Index of Erectile Function-15 total score decreased in 0%, was unchanged in 8.3% and improved in 91.7% in the mirabegron group compared with 8.7%, 65.2% and 26.1%, respectively, in the tolterodine group (P < 0.001). Regarding the urinary characteristics, both groups showed significant improvement in the International Prostate Symptom Score, quality of life, and post-voiding residual after 4 and 12 weeks, with no significant difference among them. CONCLUSION: Mirabegron improves urinary characteristics and the associated sexual dysfunction in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms/benign prostatic obstruction.

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Disfunción Eréctil , Síntomas del Sistema Urinario Inferior , Hiperplasia Prostática , Acetanilidas , Doxazosina/uso terapéutico , Disfunción Eréctil/complicaciones , Disfunción Eréctil/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Síntomas del Sistema Urinario Inferior/complicaciones , Síntomas del Sistema Urinario Inferior/tratamiento farmacológico , Masculino , Hiperplasia Prostática/tratamiento farmacológico , Calidad de Vida , Tiazoles , Tartrato de Tolterodina/uso terapéutico , Resultado del Tratamiento

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PURPOSE: To compare the outcome of shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) for upper lumbar ureteric stones using the alternating bidirectional approach versus the standard approach during the first session. METHODS: Our study was a randomized controlled trial including patients with single radio-opaque stone < 1 cm located in the upper lumbar ureter (from the ureteropelvic junction till the level medial to the lower margin of the kidney). SWL was conducted using electromagnetic Dornier Gemini Lithotripter. In group 1, patients were treated with the alternating under and over-table approach during the first session only and if other sessions were needed, the standard under-table approach was used. In group 2, patients were treated with the standard under-table approach during all sessions. Stone disintegration after the first session was assessed by kidney-ureter-bladder X-ray, renal ultrasonography and noncontrast computed tomography. Moreover, the incidence and severity of postoperative complications were evaluated. RESULTS: Forty-eight patients in each group completed the study. Patient demographics and stone characteristics were comparable in both groups. Complete disintegration was achieved in 41.7% of patients in group 1 versus 18.8% in group 2 (P = 0.021). Stone-free rate (SFR) was 58.3% and 20.8% in group 1 and 2 respectively (P = 0.001). The mean session time was 56.42 min in group 1 versus 46.35 min in group 2 (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in postoperative complications. CONCLUSION: Stone disintegration and SFR after the first SWL session are higher when using the alternating bidirectional approach for upper lumbar ureteric stones at the expense of longer procedural duration. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials identifier (ID: NCT03243682), clinicaltrials.gov.

Asunto(s)

Litotricia/métodos , Cálculos Ureterales/terapia , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Región Lumbosacra , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Método Simple Ciego , Resultado del Tratamiento

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: To study the efficacy of low-energy shock wave therapy (LESW) on enhancing intravesical epirubicin (EPI) delivery in a rat model of bladder cancer (BCa). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 100 female Fischer rats were randomly allocated into five groups: control; BCa; LESW; EPI; and EPI plus LESW. After BCa induction by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine, EPI (0.6 mg/0.3 mL of EPI diluted in 0.3 mL saline) or saline (0.6 mL) was administered and retained in the bladders for 1 h with or without LESW treatment (300 pulses at 0.12 mJ/mm2 ). This was repeated weekly for 6 weeks. Survival was then calculated, rats were weighed and their bladders were harvested for bladder/body ratio estimation, histopathological examination, p53 immunostaining, miR-210, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 relative gene expression and fluorescence spectrophotometric drug quantification. Heart and blood samples were also collected for assessment of the safety profile and toxicity. RESULTS: The EPI plus LESW group had significantly lower mortality rates, loss of body weight and bladder/body ratio. Histopathological results in terms of grossly visible bladder lesions, mucosal thickness, dysplasia formation and tumour invasion were significantly better in the combined treatment group. The EPI plus LESW group also had statistically significant lower expression levels of p53 , miR-210, HIF-1α, TNF-α and IL-6. LESW increased urothelial concentration of EPI by 5.7-fold (P < 0.001). No laboratory variable exceeded the reference ranges in any of the groups. There was an improvement of the indicators of EPI-induced cardiomyopathy in terms of congestion, hyalinization and microvesicular steatosis of cardiomyocytes (P = 0.068, 0.003 and 0.046, respectively) in the EPI plus LESW group. CONCLUSIONS: The combined use of intravesical EPI and LESW results in less BCa invasion and less dysplasia formation, as LESW increases urothelial permeability of EPI and enhances its delivery into tumour tissues, without subsequent toxicity.

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Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/administración & dosificación , Epirrubicina/administración & dosificación , Tratamiento con Ondas de Choque Extracorpóreas , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/tratamiento farmacológico , Urotelio/metabolismo , Administración Intravesical , Animales , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/efectos adversos , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/farmacocinética , Peso Corporal , Butilhidroxibutilnitrosamina , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos , Epirrubicina/efectos adversos , Epirrubicina/farmacocinética , Femenino , Subunidad alfa del Factor 1 Inducible por Hipoxia/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , MicroARNs/metabolismo , Permeabilidad , Ratas , Ratas Endogámicas F344 , Tasa de Supervivencia , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/inducido químicamente , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/patología

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Objective: To evaluate the long-term (18 months) effectiveness, safety, and factors that may predict the success of low-intensity shockwave lithotripsy (Li-SWT) in patients with erectile dysfunction (ED) who fail to respond to oral phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5i). Patients and Methods: This prospective study included 52 patients with ED of vascular origin who failed to respond to oral PDE5i. The International Index of Erectile Function-Erectile Function domain (IIEF-EF) and Erection Hardness Score (EHS) questionnaires were used to evaluate EF. Patients under went two Li-SWT treatment sessions per week for 3 weeks, followed by a 3-week treatment-free period, and the cycle was repeated until each patient received 12 treatment sessions. Patients were followed-up after Li-SWT at 3, 6, 12, and 18 months. Results: At the 18-month follow-up, 33 patients (63.5%) were able to achieve an erection sufficient for penetration with or without PDE5i (22 were maintained on oral PDE5i). The remaining 19 patients (36.5%) had a poor response to Li-SWT and oral PDE5i. The initial response showed some decline in 50% of the initial responders. Younger men (aged <45 years), short ED duration (<2 years), and moderate ED severity responded better to Li-SWT. There were no adverse side-effects. Conclusion: In the present study, Li-SWT was a safe and effective treatment in 63.5% of men with ED who failed to respond to oral PDE5i. Factors such as age (<45 years), ED duration (<2 years), and ED severity can predict treatment outcome in such patients. Abbreviations: CDU: colour Doppler ultrasonography; ED: erectile dysfunction; EDV: end-diastolic velocity; EF: erectile function; EHS: Erection Hardness Score; FU: follow-up; IIEF-EF: International Index of Erectile Function-EF domain; Li-SWT: low-intensity shockwave lithotripsy; PDE5i: phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors; PGE1: prostaglandin E1; PSV: peak systolic velocity; RI: resistive index; VOD: veno-occlusive dysfunction.

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PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of oral dissolution therapy (ODT), shock wave lithotripsy (SWL), and combined SWL and ODT for medium-sized radiolucent renal stone (RLS). METHODS: A randomized controlled trial for patients with medium-sized RLS, 1-2.5 cm, ≤ 500 Hounsfield unit (HU). The ODT patients were counseled for oral potassiumsodium-hydrogen citrate (Uralyt-U®). The 2nd group underwent SWL and the last group had combined SWL and ODT. The primary outcome, stone-free rate (SFR) at 3 months, was assessed by non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT). We defined complete response (success) if no residual fragment were detected by NCCT; partial response (failure) if there was a decrease in stone size, but presence of residual stones; no response if there was no change or increase in stone size (failure). RESULTS: 150 patients completed follow-up. The SFR at 1st month and 3rd month were, respectively; 16% and 50% in the ODT group, 10% and 46% in the SWL group, and 35% and 72% patients in combined group with (p = 0.03 and 0.003, respectively. The overall SFR for all groups was 66%. Combined treatment and initial response in first month follow-up were independent factors predicting SFR. In addition, combined treatment significantly decreased the overall stone volume (p = 0.03) and the need for additional stone management procedures after 3 months (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Combined ODT and SWL treatment constitutes the most rapid and effective therapeutic approach for medium-sized RLS, decreasing overall stone volume as well as the number of SWL sessions needed in comparison to SWL therapy, alone.

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Tratamiento con Ondas de Choque Extracorpóreas/métodos , Cálculos Renales/terapia , Litotricia/métodos , Femenino , Humanos , Cálculos Renales/diagnóstico , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodos

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Purpose: To compare the safety and efficacy of xylocaine gel and ketorolac as opioid-sparing analgesia compared with pethidine for shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) pain. Materials and Methods: A single-blinded randomized controlled trial (RCT) was performed in 132 patients with renal and upper ureteral stones amenable to treatment with SWL. The first patient group received intravenous (IV) pethidine and placebo gel; the second group received IV ketorolac plus placebo gel; the third group received lidocaine gel locally plus normal saline IV. Stone disintegration was classified as none (no change from basal by kidney, ureter, bladder X-ray or ultrasound [US] imaging), partial (fragmented and >4-mm residual fragments), and complete (≤4-mm residual fragments). Stone disintegration was assessed by kidney-ureter-bladder X-ray and US imaging. Pain was evaluated by use of the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). Results: The NPRS scores were highest in the xylocaine group at 10, 20, and 30 minutes (p=0.0001) with no significant difference between the ketorolac and pethidine groups, except at 10 minutes (p=0.03) and a near significant difference at 30 minutes (p=0.054) in favor of ketorolac. Results for stone disintegration (none, partial, and complete, respectively) were as follows: 25 (50.0%), 23 (46.0%), and 2 (4.0%) for pethidine; 19 (35.8%), 23 (43.4%), and 11 (20.8%) for ketorolac; and 26 (89.7%), 3 (10.3%), and 0 (0.0%) for lidocaine (p=0.008). Conclusions: Ketorolac is a safe and more effective alternative to morphine derivatives for SWL analgesia. Lidocaine gel should not be used as mono-analgesia for SWL.

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Analgesia/métodos , Analgésicos Opioides/uso terapéutico , Analgésicos/uso terapéutico , Anestésicos Locales/uso terapéutico , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/uso terapéutico , Ketorolaco/uso terapéutico , Lidocaína/uso terapéutico , Litotricia/efectos adversos , Meperidina/uso terapéutico , Manejo del Dolor/métodos , Dolor/etiología , Dolor/prevención & control , Cálculos Ureterales/terapia , Adulto , Femenino , Geles , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Método Simple Ciego , Resultado del Tratamiento

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PURPOSE: We aimed at this study to test the value of immediate postoperative intravesical epirubicin instillation in intermediate and high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After approval of Institutional Review Board, 260 patients were randomly allocated into 2 groups, including transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) alone in control group and TURBT plus immediate postoperative epirubicin (50 mg) in test group. Patients were monitored for postoperative complications. Adjuvant instillation therapy was administered according to risk categorization. Patients were followed every 3 months by cystourethroscopy and urine cytology. The primary end points were recurrence, progression, and/or death from cancer. RESULTS: Of the 260 patients, 236 were eligible and followed for a mean of 29 months. The 2 study groups were comparable regarding perioperative baseline demographic criteria. There was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups regarding recurrence rate (27.1% vs. 26.2%), interval to first recurrence (16.3 ± 6.6 vs. 16.4 ± 6.4 months) or progression rate to muscle invasion (8.5% vs. 5.9%). Site, size, and number of recurrences were also comparable between the 2 groups. Recurrences and progression-free survival were comparable between the 2 groups (Log-rank P = 0.88 and 0.47, respectively). Postoperative complications were all low-grade according to modified Dindo-Clavian system, with no significant difference in their rate between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Immediate post-TURBT epirubicin instillation is ineffective in intermediate and high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. It neither prolongs time to recurrence and/or progression nor reduces number of recurrences. We advocate strict specification of patient and tumor criteria in which immediate instillation is indicated.

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Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/administración & dosificación , Cistectomía , Epirrubicina/administración & dosificación , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/prevención & control , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/terapia , Administración Intravesical , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Quimioterapia Adyuvante/métodos , Cistoscopía , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/epidemiología , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/patología , Cuidados Posoperatorios/métodos , Supervivencia sin Progresión , Resultado del Tratamiento , Vejiga Urinaria/diagnóstico por imagen , Vejiga Urinaria/patología , Vejiga Urinaria/cirugía , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/mortalidad , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/patología , Adulto Joven

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AIM: To evaluate the role of low-intensity extra corporeal shock wave therapy (LI-ESWT) in penile rehabilitation (PR) post nerve-sparing radical cystoprostatectomy (NS-RCP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 152 sexually active men with muscle invasive bladder cancer. After bilateral NS-RCP with orthotopic diversion by a single expert surgeon between June 2014 and July 2016, 128 patients were available categorized into three groups: LI-ESWT group (42 patients), phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitors (PDE5i) group (43 patients), and control group (43 patients). RESULTS: Mean age was 53.2 ± 6.5 years. Mean ± SD follow-up period was 21 ± 8 months. During first follow-up FU1, all patients of the three groups had insufficient erection for vaginal penetration; with decrease of preoperative IIEF-EF mean score from 27.9 to 6.9. Potency recovery rates at 9 months were 76.2%, 79.1%, and 60.5% in LI-ESWT, PDE5i, and control groups, respectively. There was statistically significant increase in IIEF-EF and EHS scores during all follow-up periods in all the study groups (p < 0.001). However, there was no significant difference between the three groups during all follow-up periods. Statistical evaluation showed no significant difference in continence and oncological outcomes during all follow-up points among the three groups (p = 0.55 and 0.07, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: During last follow-up, 16% more patients in LI-ESWT group had recovery of potency as compared to the control group. Although the difference is not statistically significant, but of clinical importance. LI-ESWT is safe as oral PDE5i in penile rehabilitation post nerve-sparing radical cystoprostatectomy.

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Carcinoma/cirugía , Cistectomía/rehabilitación , Disfunción Eréctil/rehabilitación , Tratamiento con Ondas de Choque Extracorpóreas/métodos , Prostatectomía/rehabilitación , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/cirugía , Adulto , Carcinoma/patología , Cistectomía/efectos adversos , Disfunción Eréctil/etiología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Inhibidores de Fosfodiesterasa 5/uso terapéutico , Prostatectomía/efectos adversos , Recuperación de la Función , Resultado del Tratamiento , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/patología

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: To compare monopolar and bipolar transurethral resection of the prostate (M-TURP and B-TURP, respectively) focusing on erectile and ejaculatory functions in a randomized trial. METHODS: Between January 2013 and December 2014, all consecutive TURP candidates with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) were prospectively randomized 1:1 into M-TURP/B-TURP arms and followed up at 2, and 4 weeks, 6 and 12 months after surgery. All patients were assessed using IIEF-15 (International index of erectile function-15) and Ej-MSHQ (ejaculatory domain-male sexual-health inventory). Changes in IIEF-15, its subdomains and Ej-MSHQ scores were compared between both intervention groups. RESULTS: Following M.TURP and B.TURP; 122 and 124 patients were included respectively and were considered for analysis at 1 year. Sexual function did not differ significantly between arms during follow-up (erectile function, P = 0.82; orgasmic function, P = 0.46; sexual desire, P = 0.29; intercourse satisfaction, P = 0.18; overall satisfaction, P = 0.92). There were no differences between arms in the distribution of EF evolution at any time compared with base line (at 12 months: M-TURP vs. B-TURP = improved, 24.5 vs. 26.6%; stable, 66.4 vs. 64.5%; deteriorated, 9.1 vs. 8.9%; P = 0.41). Newly developed erectile dysfunction (ED) was present in 8.2 and 7.3% of patients following M.TURP and B.TURP respectively and was related to presence of DM and obesity. Orgasm perception significantly reduced following M.TURP and B.TURP (P < 0.001). Newly reported ejaculatory dysfunction (Ej-MSHQ < 22) was significantly associated with low orgasm perception. CONCLUSIONS: There were no differences between M-TURP/B-TURP in any aspect of sexual function.

Asunto(s)

Eyaculación , Erección Peniana , Hiperplasia Prostática/cirugía , Sexualidad , Resección Transuretral de la Próstata/métodos , Disfunción Eréctil/etiología , Humanos , Masculino , Orgasmo , Estudios Prospectivos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Resección Transuretral de la Próstata/efectos adversos

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: To assess how much Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) is detrimental on men sexuality. METHODS: Between January and December 2013, all patients presented for BPH surgery were assessed using IIEF-15 (international index of erectile function-15) and Ej-MSHQ (ejaculatory domain-male sexual health questionnaire). Changes in men's sexuality following HoLEP in relation to control procedure were prospectively assessed. Intervention group included legible consecutive patients treated by HoLEP. Control group included legible patients presented for diagnostic cystoscopy. Changes in IIEF-15, its subdomains and Ej-MSHQ scores were compared between HoLEP group and control. RESULTS: At one year 80 and 70 subjects were included for final analysis following HoLEP and control groups, respectively. Regardless of the baseline erectile function (EF/IIEF) score, there was an increase in EF score similar to control following HoLEP (P = 0.6). However, among subjects with normal preoperative EF (score >25), in comparison with control, there was similar decline in EF score following HoLEP (P = 0.07). Regarding the orgasm domain, there was a significant reduction in orgasm perception following HoLEP in relation to control (P = 0.01). Patients reported desire changes, intercourse satisfaction and overall satisfaction scores similar to control following HoLEP. Using Ej-MSHQ score, there was no statistically significant difference between HoLEP and control groups in percentage of subjects reporting ejaculatory dysfunction at baseline. However, at 12 months, there was statistically significant more ejaculatory dysfunction reporting following HoLEP. The most common ejaculatory abnormality was volume abnormality. Orgasm perception was significantly decreased among subjects with newly reported ejaculatory dysfunction (5.3 ± 1.4 vs. 8.6 ± 1.3, P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Controlled short-term assessment of HoLEP showed potential negative impact on EF in patients with normal preoperative EF. Apart from orgasm perception, sexual function changes following HoLEP were similar to control. High prevalence of postoperative ejaculatory dysfunction following HoLEP remained notable finding.

Asunto(s)

Eyaculación , Disfunción Eréctil/etiología , Láseres de Estado Sólido/uso terapéutico , Orgasmo , Erección Peniana , Hiperplasia Prostática/cirugía , Anciano , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Sexualidad , Encuestas y Cuestionarios

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to report the incidence, severity, outcome and risk factors of acute kidney injury (AKI) following percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) in solitary kidneys. METHODS: The study included consecutive adult patients who underwent PNL for treatment of calculi in a solitary kidney between May 2012 and July 2015. Patients with congenital renal anomalies or with stages 4 and 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) were excluded. Serum creatinine levels were measured the day before PNL, daily after PNL for 2-5 days and after 3 months. AKI was depicted according to changes in early postoperative serum creatinine levels and its severity was determined based on the Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) classification. The outcome of AKI was evaluated after 3 months by changes in the stage of CKD. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were conducted to determine risk factors for developing AKI. RESULTS: The study included 100 patients (62 males) with a mean ± SD age of 50 ± 11.7 years. Complications were reported for 27 patients. AKI developed in 25 patients; at the 3 month follow-up, 23 of them (92%) had completely recovered from AKI and two (8%) had developed stage 4 CKD. Independent risk factors for developing AKI were multiple PNL tracts and postoperative ureteric obstruction (relative risks were 14 and 22, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of AKI was 25% after PNL for a solitary kidney. The likelihood of renal function recovery was 92%. Multiple PNL tracts and postoperative ureteric obstruction were risk factors for developing AKI.

Asunto(s)

Lesión Renal Aguda/etiología , Lesión Renal Aguda/fisiopatología , Cálculos Renales/cirugía , Nefrolitotomía Percutánea/efectos adversos , Lesión Renal Aguda/sangre , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Creatinina/sangre , Femenino , Tasa de Filtración Glomerular , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/etiología , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/fisiopatología , Factores de Riesgo , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Adulto Joven

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: To evaluate the necessity of chronic alkali therapy in non-complicated orthotopic ileal neobladders with normal renal function. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a prospective study that included 200 male patients who underwent radical cystectomy and ileal W neobladder for invasive bladder carcinoma between January 1993 and December 2013. The studied patients included 100 consecutive patients who were maintained on regular alkali therapy since surgery and 100 consecutive patients who stopped the use of alkali treatment after initial 3 months postoperative with minimum postoperative observation time of 1 year. All patients had satisfactory function of the reservoirs with normal upper tract. The patients were subjected to blood analysis for creatnine, electrolytes, pH and bicarbonate and urine chemical analysis. The study also included 40 healthy male age-matched volunteers who served as a control group. RESULTS: Both groups were comparable as regard age, BMI, follow-up period and surgical technique. There were no significant differences between both groups as regard serum creatnine, electrolytes blood pH and bicarbonate and the mean values were within normal range; however, the neobladder patients are still toward the acidotic side in comparison to healthy volunteers. Also there were no significant differences between both groups of patients as regard urine pH and excretion of electrolytes, calcium, phosphorus and creatnine. CONCLUSION: Patients with non-complicated ileal neobladders with normal upper tract who were not maintained on alkali prophylaxis for long period have a compensated acid base status. Therefore, the prolonged alkali prophylaxis is not mandatory.

Asunto(s)

Acidosis/prevención & control , Carcinoma/cirugía , Bicarbonato de Sodio/administración & dosificación , Estructuras Creadas Quirúrgicamente/efectos adversos , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/cirugía , Vejiga Urinaria/cirugía , Derivación Urinaria/efectos adversos , Acidosis/sangre , Acidosis/etiología , Anciano , Cistectomía , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Íleon/cirugía , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Bicarbonato de Sodio/sangre , Urinálisis

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: Despite being endorsed in most guidelines, wide adoption of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate is hindered by learning difficulties. We prospectively assessed the learning curve using a multidimensional approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prospectively report all perioperative safety and efficacy outcome measures as well as the need for reoperation and continence status. Case difficulty and learning curve characterization variables were considered, looking for predictors of different outcome measures. Our analysis included the first 313 procedures done by a total of 3 surgeons. RESULTS: Prostate volume and the number of previously performed cases independently predicted operative and enucleation efficiency (mean ± SD 0.76 ± 0.36 and 1.2 ± 0.6 gm per minute, respectively). Both measures plateaued only after the first 40 procedures. The mean percent reduction in postoperative prostate specific antigen was 80% ± 19%. A significantly lower decrease was independently predicted by the transrectal ultrasound depiction of a grossly multinodular prostate (p = 0.000, R2 = 0.59). Perioperative safety measures showed significant improvement after the first and second 20 procedures apart from hospital stay and catheter time. Urinary incontinence was reported in 89 (28.5%), 26 (8.3%) and 7 cases (2.2%) at 1, 4 and 12 months, respectively. Only the number of previously performed cases predicted urinary incontinence at 1 month, which was significantly reduced following the first 20 procedures (plateau) (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.98-0.999, p = 0.03). The I-PSS (International Prostate Symptom Score) preoperative storage subdomain (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.4-0.9, p = 0.04), case density (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.2-0.6, p = 0.01) and number of previously performed cases (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.98-0.999, p = 0.02) predicted urinary incontinence at 4 months, which was significantly reduced after the first and second 20 procedures. Persistent urinary incontinence at 12 months was significantly associated with fewer previously performed cases (median 60, range 0 to 211 vs 20, range 0 to 99, p = 0.04) with no plateauing through the curve. CONCLUSIONS: Plateauing through the learning curve of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate is a moving target. Looking at different outcome measures, different levels of experience are needed to reach the plateau. Preoperative prostate volume, the number of previously performed cases and case density are the main influential factors in the curve. Urinary incontinence is the most relevant clinical outcome that was significantly affected by learning, although its transient nature is assuring.

Asunto(s)

Terapia por Láser , Láseres de Estado Sólido/uso terapéutico , Curva de Aprendizaje , Prostatectomía/educación , Prostatectomía/métodos , Hiperplasia Prostática/cirugía , Anciano , Humanos , Masculino , Estudios Prospectivos