RESUMEN
Dihydroergotamine (DHE) has been used for the treatment of acute migraine headache for almost 50 years. Previous studies have emphasized use in emergency room, inpatient, or office settings. Twenty-nine patients with migraine headache who had failed to obtain relief with conventional therapy were trained to self-administer intramuscular DHE. The patients administered 0.5mg DHE and 100mg trimethobenzamide at the onset of their headache and an additional 0.5mg DHE if satisfactory headache relief was not obtained. Twenty patients were successfully contacted and interviewed. Forty-five percent of the patients had at least 50% relief of headache and continued to use the protocol. Eighty-two percent of patients who initially had at least 50% headache relief continued to use the drug, whereas none of the patients who initially had less than 10% relief continued the protocol. Sixty-one percent of patients whose headaches precluded continuation of activity had at least 50% response to initial treatment, whereas only 29% whose headaches were less severe had this response. Initial response to therapy was predictive of continued use of the treatment protocol and patients who described more severe headache had a higher response to the initial treatment. Thus, home administration of I.M. DHE offers an additional treatment regimen for patients with migraine headache.
Asunto(s)
Dihidroergotamina/administración & dosificación , Trastornos Migrañosos/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedad Aguda , Adolescente , Adulto , Dihidroergotamina/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Humanos , Inyecciones Intramusculares , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , AutoadministraciónRESUMEN
Adult male squirrel monkeys were the subjects of experiments conducted to determine whether or not repeated exposures to sickness-inducing horizontal rotation would result in behavioral conditioning of emetic responses. The development of conditioned food aversion and feeding suppression as a consequence of pre- and postrotation eating was quantified. It was concluded that neither instrumental conditioning nor classical conditioning were valid alternative hypotheses for the occurrence of repeated vomiting episodes over a period of ten daily exposures to motion. Conditioned aversion to fresh banana and feeding suppression developed gradually if rotation, which induced multiple bouts of vomiting, was sustained for 1- or 2-hour sessions. If spinning was terminated immediately after the first emetic response, no aversion or suppression emerged. The occurrence of food aversion, by itself, is questioned as a valid index of the presence of subjective concomitants of motion sickness in animals.
Asunto(s)
Conducta Animal , Condicionamiento Psicológico , Mareo por Movimiento/psicología , Animales , Condicionamiento Clásico , Condicionamiento Operante , Conducta Alimentaria , Preferencias Alimentarias , Masculino , Rotación , Saimiri , Factores de Tiempo , Vómitos/psicologíaAsunto(s)
Tumor del Cuerpo Carotídeo , Arterias Carótidas , Cuerpo Carotídeo/anatomía & histología , Tumor del Cuerpo Carotídeo/metabolismo , Tumor del Cuerpo Carotídeo/patología , Tumor del Cuerpo Carotídeo/cirugía , Catecolaminas/metabolismo , Femenino , Humanos , Ligadura/efectos adversos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Disección del CuelloRESUMEN
Under a variety of experimental conditions, nonrestrained adult male squirrel monkeys were subjected to continuous rotation in the horizontal plane at 33 rpm. Severity of motion-induced sickness was quantified by measuring latencies of three responses associated with sickness. Per- and postrotational nystagmus was recorded from a subsample of monkeys with permanent recording electrodes implanted in the bony orbits. Incidence of sickness depended on the time limits of stimulation imposed, and it occurred in a maximum of about 90 per cent of test sessions if rotation was continued for two hours. When subjected to ten once-per-day rotation sessions, only a few monkeys showed evidence of developing transient habituation of onset of motion sickness. Mean frequency of emetic episodes, however, declined over the latter half of the rotation series. Restricting visual cues by blindfolding the monkeys prevented most subjects from vomiting.